Marosvásárhely legnagyobb adófizetői 1881-1916 között

Author(s): Lóránt László / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1-2/2010

The aim of this study is to review the history of a local social stratum, namely the one whose decisions indirectly influenced the life and development of the fourth largest Transylvanian city, Marosvásárhely. After the 1867 Austro-Hungarian compromise the need to harmonize local administration and national legislation became obvious. The considerable decision making power of the monarch resulted in a sort of duality in high leadership and this had to be refl ected on the lower levels of governance. The most spectacular form of this process was the institution of virilists, meaning that while half of the local government was elected, the other half was assembled by those who paid the highest amount of taxes. Municipalities, including free royal towns, such as Marosvásárhely were legally bound by law XLII from 1871, while towns with a regular council by law XVIII from 1871. In the 35 years included in this research (1881-1916) one can clearly trace an organic process refl ecting the characteristics of a capitalist economic development, respectively its Transylvanian and Hungarian nuances. We are witnesses to the decrease of wealth resulting from landowning and the decline of the traditional landowner elite. At the same time one can perceive the rise of a new social strata, that of craftsmen and merchants who live according to the rules of capitalism, regard the land and title as status symbols and imitate the aristocratic habits, but only a part of their wealth results from landowning. Reviewing the social changes as seen on the taxpayers’ level of the mentioned period, there are some conclusions to be drawn: 1. Virilism, the high level of local society is the expression of the city’s economical-fi nancial construction. 2. Merchants are the best represented group among the virilists of Marosvásárhely, next to them are intellectuals. These are the lucky signs of urbanization and rise of the middle class. 3. Virilists who own several hundred acres of land are gradually overshadowed. This indicates the change in traditional economic structures. Industry and trade are gaining ground. 4. The almost exclusive presence of intellectuals – lawyers, physicians, chemists – reveals their importance in society. 5. The longitudinal examination of the city’s virilists reveals a high degree of social mobility. This tendency speeds up in the second half of the researched period. The same process is traceable in other Hungarian cities.

Bevezető a Fordulat 27. számához

Author(s): Zoltán Sidó,Kristóf Nagy,Mátyás Domschitz,Márton Fabók,Sára Lafferton,Ágnes Gagyi,Virág Buka / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 27/2020

The 27th issue of the Fordulat maps the possibilities of a social-solidarity economy with a special focus on the Eastern European post-socialist conditions.

Filozofija, znanje i društvo znanja

Author(s): Mišo Kulić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 7/2020

The knowledgeable societies is a phrase that signifies the goal of modern capitalist society as one that is fundamentally seen as the necessity of mastering technological knowledge and its development in the creation of economic benefit. The knowledgeable society is thus exclusively a technological-economic concept, in fact a technological-market concept that equates society and the market, because it assumes that knowledge is not only a means of producing goods, but that by itself is only a commodity ("knowledge transfer") where its value establishes the market. Thus, in the last decades, the only knowledge that can be accepted as knowledge, has become only and exclusively technological-information knowledge that enables the largest and fastest turnover of capital on the market. Thus, the knowledgeable society is not a society that sets the ideal of all knowledge, as one might think from this attractive phrase, but a society of exclusively technological, commercially usable knowledge. Therefore, the knowledgeable society is just a neoliberal phrase which, insisting that the only technological knowledge is knowledge, actually wants to build a society according to the principles of technology. That is why the issue is no longer about the idea of society, but only about technologically, market-networked obedient and automated individuals who perform their informative and communicative tasks.

Dijalektika i angažman ili kako se zauzeti za dobar život?

Author(s): Želimir Vukašinović / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 7/2020

Starting from Plato's understanding of dialectics, this paper examines the nature, purpose and meaning of human practice. This examination tends to point out an importance of the relation between true knowledge and human engagement. It indicates that a neglection of dependence between practice and knowledge causes a fatal dominance of common belief and revanchism in history. The collapse of dialectics is, implicitly, re-examined as the central event of the beyond-metaphysical reality of the region. True knowledge, therefore, is understood here as the foundation of human dwelling which, through the reality of historical existence, reaches a desired peace: a good life. Finally, this point justifies philosophy as a life well lived.

Uloga konflikta u prirodi i moći identiteta

Author(s): Džana Rahimić-Bužo / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 7/2020

Starting from the complexity and necessity of the meaning and determination of the issue of identity, in this paper I try to get closer to the definition of identity and the meaning of conflict. In this sense, the complexity of determining the nature of identity is implied when conflicts are set as a key place for determining identity, through which the connection between conflict and identity is considered. Thus, here, the definition of identity is closely related to the definition of conflict as an integral part of life that we understand through the negation and contradictions of meaning. The meaning of conflict in the meaning of identity has a necessary character because it is determined by the necessity of the existence of freedom in human thought and action.

Sekularnost i religijski nacionalizam u eri "krize modernosti

Author(s): Tomislav Tadić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 7/2020

In this paper I discuss connections between secularity, religion and nationalism, emphasising the concept of “legitimacy” of the age, as a dimension relevant for constituting “philosophical discourse of modernity” (Habermas). In the paper I focus my analysis on the three theoretical positions, which in different manners think, basically the same problem. First position refers to Hans Blumenberg’s philosophy, and his interpretation of the legitimacy of the New Age, considering the discussion about the concept of the Political Theology by Carl Schmitt. Second theoretical position is based on contemporary sociological approach of the “late” David Martin’s scientific position, concerning the question of “religious nationalism”. Third theoretical position, contextualises most “controversial and dangerous” thesis of American theologist William T. Cavanaugh about “myth of religious violence”. In this paper there is one “latent” thesis about “fundamentalistic secularity”. Paper is structurally formed from: Introduction, three chapters and conclusion.

Metafizički principi: „ljubav i mržnja“

Author(s): Šejla Avdić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 7/2020

The article presents the definition of love and hate, more precisely the present opposition, which is manifested through movement in all segments of human life. Indicate the situation caused by the presence or absence of these principles in modern society. Love as than which leads us to overcome alienation and anxiety, as opposed to hatred which by its presence seeks to act destructively. Active principles-love as what I associate with konowledge and hatred as nonknowledge. I make this comparison because I believe that love is what we understand only on the stage of maturity, when we outgrow spiritual infancy. In the period of infancy, nonknowledge, only forms of love for the ”dead”, material appear in our country, and from its lacke comes the creation of envy and hatred.

Siratóénekek és jajmondások az ószövetségi irodalomban

Author(s): Attila Simon / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 3/2019

This paper discusses the lamentation genre of the Old Testament literature. Lamentation is connected to mourning, and can be found in the historical, prophetic and wisdom literature of the Old Testament. The genre is closely associated with the history of biblical Israel. Research concluded that the two dirges of David are unlikely to follow ancient qînâ-compositions. Nonetheless, this does not mean that the qînâ-texts in prophetic literature would not derive from early Israelite sources. However, positive evidence in this regard remains inconclusive due to our lack of access to those ancient sources mentioned in biblical literature.

A bibliai „Ne ölj!” parancsolat Emmanuel Lévinas filozófiájában

Author(s): István Bacsó / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 3/2019

Die persönlichen und kollektiven tragischen Erfahrungen des zwanzigsten Jahrhunderts haben den französischen Philosophen Emmanuel Lévinas dazu geleitet, das bekannte biblische Gebot wieder ins Licht zu bringen. Der Imperativ, du sollst nicht töten hat in der Philosophie von Lévinas eine paradigmatische Funktion. Auf einer Seite unterstreicht Lévinas die göttliche Originalität des Verbotes, auf der anderen Seite betont er, dass diese Aufforderung fürs jeweilige Ich gültig ist, denn auf dem Gesicht des anderen steht immer zu lesen: Du sollst nicht töten!

Száz éve hunyt el Takács József (1833–1919), a mecénás református lelkész

Author(s): Augencio C. Bagsic / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 3/2019

This publication commemorates József Takács, Reformed minister and patron of the Reformed congregation in Berettyószéplak (Suplacu de Barcău). The author of the article collected the memoirs of the Reformed ministers who followed József Takács in his congregation, as well as archival materials, oral memoirs and photographs.

Nagy Péter, a tudós tanár, irodalmár, egyházát újjászervező püspök

Author(s): György Gaal / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 3/2019

This article commemorates Péter Nagy at the 200th anniversary of his birth. Péter Nagy was the son of a tailor in Cluj/Kolozsvár and became one of the greatest Calvinist bishops. He studied at the Calvinist College of Kolozsvár and later at Göttingen University. In 1841 he was elected minister of the Reformed community from Cluj/Kolozsvár. He became a teacher of biology and later of theology at the Calvinist College. He translated many literary volumes from English and French. Nagy had an important role in founding the Transylvanian Museum Society, of which he was elected vice-president in 1869. He was also a member of the Hungarian Parliament. In 1866 he was promoted as bishop in his church. He was an excellent preacher and the reorganizer of the Transylvanian Reformed Church.

Az élet tánca

Author(s): Áron Bak / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 3/2019

Edvard Munch’s Bild, Tanz des Lebens, das auch sezessionistische Züge aufweist, stellt nicht die Freude der Tänzer dar, sondern es zeigt wie die Verbindung zwischen Mann und Frau in dem Wirbel des Lebens ist: Das auf der linken Seite stehende Mädchen in weißem Kleid wartet darauf im Tanz an die Reihe kommen zu können, während die dunkelgekleidete ältere Frau ist schon aus dem Paartanz herausgetreten. Sehr treffend ist diese Stimmung im Gedicht des siebenbürgischen Dichters und Malers Lajos Páll von Korond ausgedrückt: Wenn das kein Tanz ist!

Somfalvi Edit: A gyermekkori szorongás oldása bibliai történetekkel

Author(s): Olga Lukács / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 3/2019

Somfalvi Edit: A gyermekkori szorongás oldása bibliai történetekkel. Demax Művek Kft. Kiadó, Budapest 2017. ISBN 978-963-89272-3-1, 187 old.

Nico ter Linden: Az a hír járja... I. A Tóra

Author(s): Szabolcs Ferenc Kató / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 3/2019

Nico ter Linden: Az a hír járja... I. A Tóra. Ford. Antal Árpád. Exit Kiadó, Kolozsvár 2017, ISBN 978-973-7803-60-3, 261 old.

D. Tóth Judit – Papp György (szerk.): Az egyházatyák a reformáció és az ellenreformáció korában

Author(s): Judit Tóth / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 3/2019

D. Tóth Judit – Papp György (szerk.): Az egyházatyák a reformáció és az ellenreformáció korában. Studia Patrum 8. Sárospatak: Hernád Kiadó 2019. ISBN 978-615-5787-08-9, ISSN 1789 1299, 193 old.

Altarul Banatului, XXIX (LXVIII) új folyam, 2017/10–12

Author(s): László Bányai / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 3/2019

Latinország. Különleges kiállítás az egykori franekeri egyetemről

Author(s): Ferenc Postma / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 3/2019

Uczą nie mądrzy, a doskonali. Kryteria i normy dobrego opiekuna duchowego według apoftegmatów Ojców Pustyni

Author(s): Volodymyr Mosorov,Stanisław Skobel / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2020

Тhe article presents a specification of moral norms and criteria used in spiritual ministry by the Desert Fathers living in the 3rd-4th century AD on the basis of the analysis of stories contained in the Sayings of the Desert Fathers. It has been shown that the moral norms contained in the stories have not lost their significance throughout the thousand-year history of the Eastern Churches and continue to constitute the basic model of spiritual care in the mentor-student relation. In addition, it has been shown that an attempt by some clergy to imitate moral norms can have very negative effects, which were conventionally called “young” or “false mentoring”. Without spiritual perfection, spiritual care is ineffective. The contents contained in the article can help to understand morality as opposed to moralizing.

Harcerska działalność Marii Wocalewskiej

Author(s): Piotr Dziewulski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2020

This paper presents public activity of a Polish girl scout, Maria Wocalewska (1885–1944). The analysis focuses on texts published in the scout press, internal documents of the Polish Scouting and Guiding Association, diaries and historical literature. The aim of this investigation was to present her life, thoughts and scouting activity.

Świątynia Jerozolimska – zapowiedź, terminologia i historia

Author(s): Przemysław Kubisiak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2020

The Jerusalem Temple was erected on Mount Moria in the central part of the eastern ridge on which Jerusalem was built. Without a doubt, it was one of the most fascinating buildings in the ancient world, both in religious and architectural terms. Although scientific work has been carried out there for nearly 150 years and one can find its results in many books and scientific articles, it seems that the theme of the central hill of the Holy City is still not exhausted. Among many scientists studying the issue of the Holy Hill, world-famous archaeologists should be mentioned, among them Benjamin Mazar (1906–1995), the author of many valuable monographs and articles, such as The Mountain of the Lord or Biblical Israel. Also worth mentioning is Leen Ritmeyer, author of The Quest. Revealing the Temple Mount in Jerusalem, which became a valuable help in the creation of this article. The study aim is to present predictions about the temple, which on the one hand became the prophetic will of God, and on the other hand, the desire of King David, who, feeling some kind of remorse, wants to build a house for his Lord, God Yahweh. In the next part, the article shows the history of the Temple of Solomon and its successor, called the second Temple of Herod. Although this topic has been touched upon many times, it is worth looking again at the Jerusalem Temple, which is a valuable testimony to the faith and presence of God in this holy place.