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A Cluster Account of Art Evaluation

Author(s): Oana Voda / Language(s): Issue: 1/2014

Almost all philosophers who thought about the evaluation of the work of art were limited by one condition: the specific value of an artwork had to be different from any other kind of value (historical, emotional, moral, etc.). If we look very closely at them, these theories of art evaluation are partly also theories of art definition. On the other hand, in the theories of art evaluation there is to be found a constant obssession for the discovery of some criteria in the evaluation that takes the form of universal positive sentences. In this paper I advance, explain and defend, using as a starting point Gaut’s cluster account on the definition of art, a cluster account of art evaluation, developed as a relative theory of evaluation, in the sense that a specific work of art is evaluated according to the artistic context in which it has been created. This theory starts from the premise that when we evaluate a particular work of art we already know that object is an artwork and we evaluate it as such, and the artistic object’s evaluation is made not by using a strong principle, but by using a number of weak principles, which are not jointly necessary, but are disjunctively necessary for a work of art to have sufficient value as to be considered a good work of art.

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Rational Choice Approaches and the Analysis of Institutional Changes

Author(s): Miroslav Tașcu-Stavre / Language(s): Issue: 1/2014

The endpoint of the present process is the description of the neo-institutional and theoretical elements, with a highlight on their utility in the study of post-communist transitions. My main idea claims that the performances registered by the societies in transition are depending on institutional elections. Practically, the transition processes are depending on the existing structures and on the new institutional elections. Because of this fact, there is no universal prototype of development, but we can clearly observe a large diversity of post-communist traces, since these elections do not take place in an institutional null. From an institutional point of view, we can consider that the study of transactions can be reduced to the idea of following and understanding the way in which institutions change, when the regimes are changing. Nevertheless, the idea of understanding the manner of an institutional change (a dynamic approach) remains a delicate subject, not only in the political science area but also in sociology. In this context, I consider that the non-institutional “rational choice” approaches offer a methodical manner of studying the institutions, but, furthermore, they offer a proper idea of understanding the way in which the change in institutions is made. Having a complete image of the mechanisms that generate important changes in some institutions, the study of transitions, in general, and the post-communist ones, in particular, are becoming more and more important.

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Social Dialogue, Communication, Synergy Bonds and Unification with the Romanian Immigrants Background

Author(s): Elena Basarab (Cocoş) / Language(s): Issue: 1/2014

Communication and social dialogue are the basic organization and social development. Human relationships are influenced by social interactions on micro-social level and macro-social level, without neglecting the role of the individual. People live together and interact in pursuit of common goals and the formation of communities as a result of belief, knowledge that is based on a common understanding. Romanian immigrant environments enable communication allowing similar ways of response, leading to emotional and intellectual provisions of the same rank. Social interaction and dialogue with the local populations of migrants and indigenous enable them to act, to integrate more easily, to be known and recognized and reflected upon. Communication and interpersonal relations are a necessity without which people or social groups cannot exist. On-line publications and sites created by Romanians everywhere, trying to establish a permanent communication language with a focus on what is happening in the country and aimed at promoting Romanian identity. Migrants with different origins, within common living areas, trying to communicate and evolve to a state of harmony, an uniform formation, helping to improve community life. Social interactions are influenced by the actions of individuals, groups, through the manifestation of conditions and performance. Romanian immigrants are found all over 30 countries in Europe and within 20 countries around the world, the migration of Romanians in the world has been going on since the second half of the nineteenth century.

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Social Causes of Drug Consumption amongst Teenagers

Author(s): Francisc Maier / Language(s): Issue: 1/2014

The article proposes to identify, on the basis of the consultation of the specialty literature, the factors which influence the consumption of drugs amongst teenagers, as well as the sense in which their main dimensions act. The studies performed on teenagers (Rascanu, 2008) highlighted amongst the internal causes of drug consumption: the curiosity, the temptation in the form of the “forbidden fruit mechanism”; the desire of high sensations; the lack of maturity/responsibility; personal problems, troubles, despair, loneliness, the lack of friends; boredom; the lack of some interesting preoccupations; emo girls /the need to stand out; and the external causes are: the ill-fated influence of the entourage, of the “fishy” group of friends, of the unfavourable family climate, the reduced educational and cultural level; the lack of information or skewed information with regard to drugs; the imitation of film models, from newspapers or magazines. The drug consumption is tightly related to life problems, to the questions and searching of the teenagers and young. The most important social entourages are: the family, the school and the group of entourage (friends, spare time). So the drug consumption amongst teenagers represents one of the challenges with which the humanity has to confront, its direct and indirect effects designing it as a worrying phenomenon.

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The Abandonment of Children with 0-3 years in Romania – Institutionalization and Issues

Author(s): Rebeca Scorcia-Popescu / Language(s): Issue: 1/2014

In the context of this paper, the term abandon refers to a situation in which the child is left by his parents in hospitals or other institutions and different places. It can be a period of several days or even years in which parents are not interested in the concrete situation of their children and do not visit them. In Romania, in 2013, according to the Ministry of Labour, Family and Social Protection, there were a significant number of children abandoned in maternities, respectively 915, representing 63% from all children abandoned in hospitals. Facing poverty, exacerbated by the economic crisis, many parents have understood to respond to this situation by not assuming the role of a parent and they abandoned their own child. Abandonment due to poverty is not a new phenomenon and was covered immediately after the 1989 Romanian Revolution, when images with institutionalized children revealed the amplitude and consequences of the phenomenon. The child protection policy focused in the years following the revolution to the deinstitutionalization, but even today there are parents who leave their children in the care of hospitals and various social institutions. Studies have revealed adverse effects on psychological development and social integration of abandoned or institutionalized children, and therefore it is necessary to educate parents to identify alternatives to abandonment. Abandon prevention policies may be found in subsequent years increasing number of centers specialized in working with parents/mother and child, like maternal centers, day centers, centers/offices for counseling parents and children, and the success of these policies mean steady decrease in the number of children abandoned in hospitals or placed in foster care.

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Power in the Great Feminine Eon: Feminine Values of Power According to the New Testament

Author(s): Mădălina Virginia Antonescu / Language(s): Issue: 1/2014

During history, basic concepts for understanding the patterns of human society, the way of conceiving and practicing policy or perceiving authority have received meanings affected (even distorted) by gender history. Thus, it happened a rigorous separation (from conceptual, academic level to practice) of these concepts (power, authority) from feminine universe and from all things associated with woman and feminine. Despite the fact that they are feminine nouns (in Romanian language), the power and authority contents were dissociated from any link with feminine universe, capable to offer a respected status, high social position, prestige, value and respect for each woman. Used in a patriarchal meaning, deeply disregarding and even denying woman and feminine attributes, these concepts became cultural tools for oppressing women in societies organized on the criterion of “natural” association between masculine and power/authority. The methodology used in the present study is based on a gender analysis of power and authority concepts, inclusively by approaching theological perspective, mixed with elements of futurology and theory of civilization.

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The Importance of Role Play for Children's Development of Socio-Emotional Competencies

Author(s): Claudia Vlaicu / Language(s): Issue: 1/2014

Recent research on child education has increasingly moved accent from intellectual factors to emotional and motivational ones when exploring themes like methods of teaching in primary schools. Play has been the most efficient tool of learning so far both in early years foundation stage and primary years. The present paper approaches the theme of role-play and is intended to prove through an experimental study its significant contributions to the harmonious development of child personality. The premise of the study is that our children can learn many skills and attitudes during role play; they can learn how to be co-operative and be empathetic with others. They can learn to express their feelings and emotions. They also can learn about other cultures and improve their language and movement skills. As for the teacher, role-play offers a particular satisfaction through its various educational implications. It contributes to the enforcement of the educational act in itself, it helps the teachers correct children’s misbehaviour, it is a strong helping tool for the teachers in his mission to support the development of his children personalities. Facilitating communication, the role-play proves to be a complete educational method that should be used in the learning process. The conclusion of the study is that the teacher should be the first to know the psycho-social implications of role-play and should be able to use it at all disciplines, combining playing with learning and thus making the lesson more attractive and pleasant for the students.

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Thinking Style and Moral Values in Adolescence

Author(s): Claudia Sălceanu / Language(s): Issue: 1/2014

Moral values, as universally accepted ethical principles, that govern everyday life, maintaining unity and harmony between people and thinking styles, as positive habits that contribute to better critical thinking, problem-solving and decision-making, are two important aspects for the development of adolescents. The objectives we set out are: 1) to offer an overview on adolescents perception of moral values; 2) to discover the existence of significant differences between male and female adolescents regarding their moral values systems and 3) to distinguish the differences between the adolescent's classification of moral values due to the predominance of a certain thinking style. Using the Rokeach Value Survey (1973) and Thinking Styles Inventory by Sternberg & Wagner (1992), we questioned 127 participants, between 14 and 23 years of age. We discovered that today's adolescents value health, freedom or self-esteem (terminal values) and ambition, love or capability (instrumental values), but we found no significant differences between male and female adolescents regarding their terminal values classifications. However, there are significant differences between them regarding instrumental values. While female adolescents value independence, love and honesty, male adolescents value ambition, cleanliness and helpfulness. Using Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U test for independent samples, we found significant differences between value classification based on the thinking styles. Based on Sternberg's theory of mental self-governing, we found significant differences between legislative, executive and judicial thinking people regarding terminal value “an exciting life” and instrumental value “ambitious”. While we discovered no difference between hierarchical, monarchical and oligarchical thinking people for terminal values, they value differently “independent” and “polite” (instrumental values). Although global thinking people value true friendship less than local thinking people, we found no significant differences for instrumental values. External thinking people value courage more than internal thinking people and liberal thinking people value wisdom less than conservative thinking people.

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Values and Behaviours in Romanian Commercials

Author(s): Elena-Maria Emandi / Language(s): Issue: 1/2014

The impact of commercials on potential consumers is due to the complexity of the codes used. We can therefore detect a message transmitted through various signs (word, sound, visual image), visual communication containing the three types of signs as they were designated by Charles Sanders Pierce. The aim of our work is to highlight through semio-stylistic analysis values and behaviours appearing in Romanian commercials.

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The Role of Virtue Ethics in the Deontological Training of Prospective Teachers

Author(s): Viorica – Torii Caciuc / Language(s): Issue: 1/2014

Today, the topic of insuring the quality in education is brought up often in public, legislative and academic debates. By analysing the new educational politics, we got to the conclusion that among the variables which ensure a quality education, there is the so called “quality of the teachers’ work”. This, in its own turn, depends on the quality of the initial and continuous training, on instructional standards, on the evaluation and certification of the didactical skills (Dumitru, 2007, pp. 13 - 23), and even on the deontological values and norms in the spirit of which the training and the teachers’ skills improve. The pedagogical language plays a special role in the training of future teachers. Its formative value is given both by its socio-cultural values and its pragmatic ones. Besides all these, there are also the ideological values that reflect the political conception which, at a given moment, dominated the society’s educational policy which was applied at the school level. All of these make the true educational message harder to be perceived by the future teachers, and many times it seems to be inadequate for the nowadays school system. So, it looks hard to put it into educational practice. This is the reason why our proposal is to have a deontological training content open towards virtue ethics which could restore the power of the moral values and virtues, the returning to their abstract significance and to the concrete reality they express.

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A Trilogy of Participatory Democracy in United Kingdom, Germany and Nordic European Countries

Author(s): Irina Marina Lazar / Language(s): Issue: 1/2014

The globalization of the world and society has strained the limits of the nation-states capacity—both for democratic political life and for the redistributive policies upon which basic social justice depends (Habermans, 2003). One of the most challenging developments in the political and judicial realm of the latest decades in European Union is undoubtedly the proliferation and the reinforcing of participatory democracy. Besides the still very fluid and experimental form of its realizations, participation implies a variegated spectrum of models and procedures involving different actors and powers (Blondiaux, 2005). In this context of experimenting different mechanisms of participation by blending them into different social realities and judicial cultures, the article will tell not just three stories or approaches of participatory democracy, but it will also follow a red thread of common tendencies, difficulties encountered in its implementation, common and particular fears, and also the perspectives of this new tool of modernizing the public administration functioning. The aim of this paper is to understand how participatory democracy operates in United Kingdom, Germany or Nordic European countries, but also to study its implications over the behavior of citizens and politicians and over the final policy outcomes. The comparison becomes more challenging due to the difference in political and judicial organization of those countries. Whatever would be the mechanisms of participatory democracy at local or national level and irrespective to the level of citizen’s involvement (information, consultation or co-decision), the democratic participation cannot be imposed or imported, and it will not become durable unless there are real bases in legislations, administrative organization and a genuine interest both from politicians and from the citizens.

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Migration and Religion in Romania: A Study Regarding the Influence of Migration Behaviour on Religion

Author(s): Alexandra Georgiana PARASCA,Andreea Moraru / Language(s): Issue: 1/2014

Through this article we try to capture another side of the migration, where the migratory behaviour contributes to obvious changes in the religious structure. Migration not only influences the accentuation of a religious diversity at a national, regional or local level, but it also creates a ”religious mosaic”, where, most often, conflicts appear, sign that humanity still has to work on its capacity of acceptance and celebration of differences. We can’t talk about migration impact on religious life without making a reference regarding the level to which it is materialized; spatially, we can say that are several levels: national, regional and local. The complexity of this social phenomenon provides us different perspectives of analysis and partial explanations concerning the present situation that Romania is facing. Under political, economic and cultural pressure, humans react by searching and finding solutions for a better living, as migration in this case. Even if it is often seen as an economic privilege, migration cause major changes whose cyclical effects are manifested in social, demographic and economic aspects. While socio-economic impact of migration is well documented, the demographic impact and implicit religious impact is less studied. Starting from the article title, it explains in a good measure the research direction of this paper which aims to facilitate the identification of disagreements on migration implications in religious sphere, situational awareness, a starting point for creating harmony, imperative actions in the era of globalization. To provide a visual image on the impact, we will also use the cartographic method.

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Bridge to the Unconscious: The Combined use of Kalffian Sandplay and Vocal Psychotherapies

Author(s): Sana Loue / Language(s): Issue: 1/2014

Sandplay therapy involves the use of water, sand, and miniature toys and symbols. These materials are used in a mediating process that allows material from the conscious and the unconscious to be organized in a new way to effectuate psychological, emotional, and spiritual healing. Sandplay is both nonverbal and nondirective, providing the client with a safe therapeutic space that facilitates process at a pre-verbal, nonrational level. Vocal psychotherapy also deals with unconscious material, such as regression in service to the self and dissociation. In contrast to sandplay therapy, vocal psychotherapy uses the breath, singing, and music in the voice through techniques such as vocal holding and free associative singing. The pairing of sandplay therapy and vocal psychotherapy is a pairing of two nondirective forms of therapy, one of which is nonverbal and the other vocal, but with or without words. The use of vocal psychotherapy together with sandplay therapy may enhance and reinforce the insights gained by the client.

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Rezultatul probatiunii. O analiza descriptiva a factorilor familiali

Author(s): Ioana Baumgarten / Language(s): Issue: 1/2015

The study investigates the situation of probationers from the records of Probation Service (PS) between 2002-2013, in Cluj County. The aim of the study is to identify the family characteristics of probationers (family support, incarceration of parents/relatives, temporary emigration of parents) to see if these variables are predictive for failure or successful exit from P.S. The study is descriptive and is based on the life course approach. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to identify possible relationships between the variables which I analyzed. In conclusion, the failure of PS is more likely for those who have parents incarcerated and have not benefited of family support during surveillance.

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Improving Fitness through Bodybuilding Workouts

Author(s): Dan MANESCU,Corina TIFREA,Valentin Ştefan CRISTIAN / Language(s): Issue: 1/2015

Bodybuilding and, especially, fitness gain an increasingly significant role in our society not only by the competitional system, but mostly by what they offer to the common person: enjoyable leisure time, enhancing the health status, creating a positive body aesthetics, physical and mental relaxation, self-confidence, personal dignity, or earning the respect of peers. By using bodybuilding-specific programs and means, the harmonious body development can be positively influenced (optimized) and physical condition can be improved. The regular practice of bodybuilding results in self-image improvement and can have the role of recreation, recovery or compensation. By using progressive difficulty training methods which lead to gain of muscle mass, calories can be burnt more efficiently and body fat can be reduced.

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A Pre-Test on Total Rewards Model for Business Consulting Romanian Companies

Author(s): Elena-Sabina Hodor / Language(s): Issue: 1/2015

The purpose of this article it is to pre-test a methodology adapted from a study made in United States of America between January 2006 and May 2009. In order to check the applicability of the adapted instrument, there were undertake two stages. The first one was in April 2014 and included the verifying of the items from the questionnaires, and the second one was in December 2014 and involved the effective pre-test of the improved methodology from the previous step. The main aspects displayed in this paper are: the Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient for the independent variables, dependent variables and for the entire instrument, and the preferred rewards by potential employees and workers for/ from Business Consulting Romanian Companies. Finally, there are concluded some improvements that can be implemented in the next period of the research.

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Development and Transformation of Religious Landscape in Iasi County after the Fall of Communism

Author(s): Alexandra Georgiana PARASCA / Language(s): Issue: 1/2015

Through this paper I want to analyze the religious landscape of Iasi County, how it is transformed and developed, after the fall of communism. This term of religious landscape is analyzed from the perspective of territory but also as society. The religious landscape is also studied from the regional differentiation perspective of denominations in Iasi county, this being one of the elements who led to the organization of society, during the process of transformation. I also took in consideration the processes which contributed to the development of new religious landscape of Iasi County. Also, I observe the course of religious denominations after the fall of communism, having as reference the censuses from 1992 until 2011, and after processing data obtained from National Institute of Statistics I analyzed the impact of religious structure of population on religious landscape of Iasi county. We have to take into account the fact that religious denominations are in a continue change after the fall of communism, fact that has effect on the landscape. The county faces a decrease in the number of orthodox people, while other religious denominations grow in the number of adherents. The religious landscape of Iasi became more diversified after the fall of communism, so now we can talk about religious freedom.

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Internal Control system: Cost of Risk vs. Risk Management. Case study: Romanian Banking System

Author(s): Florin Andrei / Language(s): Issue: 1/2015

The evolution of the global financial systems from the last 8-10 years showed to all involved stakeholders (from Supervisory Authorities to shareholders) that a good market discipline is necessary. This statement is derived from the observation period that considered the global economic growth registered in the years 2005-2008 but also taking into consideration the years preceding the global financial crisis. The scope of the article is to illustrate a brief picture of the internal governance in financial institutions before the financial crisis, as well as the latest developments and guidelines issued in order to enhance the internal governance through its risk management and internal control system. The main objective of the paper is to present and propose a new concept in the internal control system, the three lines of defense model. A case study is made considering a Bank from Top 5 Assets from Romania (Assets higher than EUR 5 bln.) in order to observe the implementation and execution of the new internal control system. For the current exercise the component of the cost of risk represented by administrative costs of the risk management program was taken into account as to show the costs of the implementation and execution of a strong and reliable internal control system. The results of the exercise revealed a cost of approximately EUR 0.8 mio per year coming from the salary expenses and also EUR 0.1 mio represented by the cost and implementation of a software which helps in the daily activities of the Credit Risk Control function. The conclusion of the article underlines the necessity of the financial institutions to strengthen their internal control system considering the regulatory requirements but, also as a driver in order to have a better and solid risk management program which leads to an improved market and credit discipline.

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The Role of Afterschool Programs in the Educational Activity

Author(s): Gabriela Berea / Language(s): Issue: 1/2015

The article talks about the motivation behind After School programs, beginning with current tendencies to expand educational activities from the school itself towards other providers of educational activities and services. Educational institutions are functioning in a broad and complex social context – the global society as global social system (national, state system). This system has various influences over educational institutions – over the final scope of education (aims and objectives), discipline content, organization of institutions and educational system, administrative and legal regulations. From a different perspective, the same institutions are functioning in a specific social context, in a local and regional community that provides the students but also comes with expectations to which educational institutions must respond. The school is an institution that functions in a community made up of many educational factors: family, authorities, governmental organizations and NGOs. They also offer educational alternatives. All types of school organizations are subjected to pressure coming from different factors: local ideological groups, political systems, economical realities and other social tendencies. Educational institutions are therefore influenced by economical, political, cultural and ideological trends. Institutions that host After School rely on the environment in which the function, when it comes to accessing material, financial, human and informational resources.

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WHAT IS THE PROCEDURE FOR REGISTRATION OF MATRIMONIAL AGREEMENT CONCLUDED BETWEEN SPOUSES OF DIFFERENT NATIONALITIES IN ROMANIAN IN THE NATIONAL NOTAR

Author(s): George Cristian Schin,Nadia-Cerasela Aniţei / Language(s): Issue: 1-2/2015

This article aims to study and present the procedure for registration of a matrionial agreement in RNNRM in case of two future spouses with different nationalities where they chose as the law terminating the matrionial agreement the Romanian law. For establishment we will start from the legal origin of the legal norms of Article 2593 paragraph (1) (b) Civil Code and of Article 2594 Civil Code concerning matrimonial agreement in Romanian private international law and Article 2 of Order no.1786 / C / 2011 - Notary register of matrimonial regimes and will continue to answer the questions: What law can the future spouses or the spouses of diferent citizenships choose for conclusion of the matrimonial convention? What law applies to validity conditions for conclusion of the matrimonial agreement where future spouses or the two spouses with different nationalities have their common residence in Romanian? What is the procedure for registration of matrimonial agreement concluded between two spouses of different nationalities in Romanian in R.N.N.R.M?

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