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EKONOMIA E FSHEHTË NË EVROPËN JUGLINDORE: BASHKËRENDIMI I PËRPJEKJEVE RAJONALE PËR TË REDUKTUAR EFEKTET E SAJ NEGATIVE

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Albanian

According to the authors of the policy brief, not declaring in full or partially economic activities in SEE remains widespread in virtually all areas of government – permissions and licenses, labour contracts, social security, taxes and custom duties. It signals a persistent gap between formal and informal institutions and lack of coherent enforcement of rules. Corruption pressure is higher towards those engaged in the hidden economy. At the same time their susceptibility to corruption is also higher, confirming the institutional incongruence. The immense diversity of the scale (from 19 % in Croatia to 81 % in Kosovo), prevailing patterns (no written contracts in Turkey, non-payment of health care contributions in Kosovo, envelope wages in FYR of Macedonia and Bulgaria, non-formalised business in Albania), formal vs informal wage average (higher formal wages in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Albania and Turkey and lower in Kosovo and Bulgaria) requires country specific tailor-made policies and sequencing of reforms.

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Transit migration in Bulgaria

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): English

The Working Party on Information of the Vienna Group, at its meeting of 17 February 1993, discussed the Feasibility Study on the Establishment of a Migration Information System submitted by IOM and recommended that IOM should start implementing such a program. Two substantial migration flows to Western Europe cross Bulgaria. The first one is made up of migrants from the Middle East who intend to migrate to Central and Western Europe (above all Germany and Austria). The flow that previously passed through former Yugoslavia has now been largely re-oriented through Romania. A second flow comes from the Newly Independent States (NIS) and Romania, crossing Bulgaria and entering Greece.

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Approximation of Bulgarian to EU Legislation: Protection of Competition, Protection of Intellectual Property and Right of Establishment, August 1995

Author(s): Chavdar Popov,Pavlina Popova,Krasimira Damjanova / Language(s): English

The significance of the harmonisation of legislation of the associated countries of Central and Eastern Europe (ACCEE) with the legislation of the European Community (EC) was already underlined by the European Council in Copenhagen (21-22 July 1993). The approximation of the Bulgarian legislation with that of the EC is one of the fundamental tasks of the strategy for the preparation of the countries of Central and Eastern Europe to join the Union, adopted at the meeting of the European Council in Essen on 9-10 December 1994.

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PRIVATIZATION IN BULGARIA: a revolution that never happened, an evolution that is sweeping everything around

Author(s): Ivo St. Kovachev / Language(s): English

The purpose of this document is to present the changes in the privatization process in Bulgaria and to show how they have been brought about by the pressure of the economic reality. The privatization framework in Bulgaria was formed on the basis of theoretical approach, wish for political differentiation and narrow economic interests. This unfortunate combination did not reflect the specificity of the situation and could not long resist the economic needs of a country in restructuring. What followed was a long, slow and painful process of trial and error that could have been avoided if economic logic had more place in the first stage.

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RE-SOCIALISATION OF OFFENDERS IN THE EU: ENHANCING THE ROLE OF THE CIVIL SOCIETY (RE-SOC). Workstream 4: Civic monitoring of prisons. Analysis of availability and accessibility of data in Bulgaria

Author(s): Dimitar Markov,Maria Yordanova,Miryana Ilcheva,Maria Doichinova / Language(s): English

The country fiches on availability and accessibility of data offer an overview of the prison-related data collection in Bulgaria, Belgium, Germany, Lithuania and Spain. Each report presents the institutions responsible for collecting statistics on prisons, what data is collected and by what categories the information is disaggregated, how regularly the collected information is updated, are there any restrictions concerning the access to data, etc.

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RE-SOCIALISATION OF OFFENDERS IN THE EU: ENHANCING THE ROLE OF THE CIVIL SOCIETY (RE-SOC). Workstream 4: Civic monitoring of prisons. Analysis of availability and accessibility of data in Belgium

Author(s): Nicola Giovannini,Malena Zingoni / Language(s): English

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RE-SOCIALISATION OF OFFENDERS IN THE EU: ENHANCING THE ROLE OF THE CIVIL SOCIETY (RE-SOC). Workstream 4: Civic monitoring of prisons. Analysis of availability and accessibility of data in Germany

Author(s): Sven-Uwe Burkhardt / Language(s): English

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RE-SOCIALISATION OF OFFENDERS IN THE EU: ENHANCING THE ROLE OF THE CIVIL SOCIETY (RE-SOC). Workstream 4: Civic monitoring of prisons. Analysis of availability and accessibility of data in Lithuania

Author(s): Renata Giedrytė-Mačiulienė,Simonas Nikartas,Gytis Andrulionis / Language(s): English

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RE-SOCIALISATION OF OFFENDERS IN THE EU: ENHANCING THE ROLE OF THE CIVIL SOCIETY (RE-SOC). Workstream 4: Civic monitoring of prisons. Analysis of availability and accessibility of data in Spain

Author(s): Alejandro Forero Cuéllar / Language(s): English

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Социалната справедливост в пенсионното осигуряване

Author(s): Dimitar Ninov / Language(s): Bulgarian

This study is devoted to issues of social justice in pension insurance in Bulgaria - one of the most important areas of social policy and practice today and in the foreseeable future.

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Движение на капитали и плащания. Валутно-финансова политика и конвертируемост на лева, юли 1995

Author(s): Lubomir Christov,Alexander Mihailov / Language(s): Bulgarian

Monetary union is the final stage in economic and financial integration among countries, in the specific case analyzed in the present paper among the countries participating in the Treaty of Maastricht providing for the implementation of such a union as the ultimate objective of the convergence toward a unified Europe. Membership in such a union would require the adoption of a common currency and its circulation as a single legal tender (or the final and irrevocable pegging of exchange rates among the currencies of the participating countries), as well as the conduct of common monetary (including foreign-exchange) policy.

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Тенденции в общинската приватизация през 1996 г.

Author(s): Petar Vasilev Antov / Language(s): Bulgarian

The development of the municipal privatization process in 1996, despite its uneven pace and regional disparities, should be assessed positively. 2079 privatization procedures have been identified, of which 23 are for whole enterprises. The terminated procedures are 43. 121 contests for appraisers were announced. 2642 privatizations have been assigned. 2725 assessments have been adopted, some of which were awarded in 1995, 2575 privatization deals were concluded, of which 18 were for whole municipal companies.

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Човешки ресурси и социална политика в контекста на присъединяването на България към Европейския съюз, август 1995 г.

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Bulgarian

Bulgaria's orientation towards the EU dates back to the early days of radical political changes in the country, which began at the end of 1989. Membership in the EU attracted mostly the high social standards in the member states, the transition to a single internal market allowing for free movement of goods, capital and people. The integration of the country into the European Communities was perceived as a means of rapidly resolving the internal economic and social problems we faced after the collapse of the totalitarian regime. The rapprochement and future membership of the EU was wished to be strong and in order to remove the trade barriers of the Union which we felt much more strongly after the disintegration of the former CMEA market.

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Проблеми на общинската приватизация, декември 1993 г.

Author(s): / Language(s): Bulgarian

In the broad sense, municipal privatization involves restitution, land re-lease, land and buildings sales, and privatization of municipal enterprises, the transformation of the ownership of municipalities into private, regardless of the form in which this municipal property operates economically. Although they are carried out under different laws, these processes are interrelated because they are carried out on a given territory, governed by local authorities, and lead to a restriction of municipal ownership at the expense of the private one. The general dissatisfaction with the privatization process in the country extends to the process at the municipal level. Although 475 privatization decisions were taken by the end of December 1993 and 374 sites were assigned, only 52 transactions were in effect. Few municipalities have made efforts to prove that legislation and regulations are a major obstacle to privatization.

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Общественото мнение и бизнес-елитът за приватизацията

Author(s): Alexander Stoyanov,Boyan V. Gyuzelev,Daniela Bobeva,Maria Prohaska,Spartak Keremidchiev,Stoyan Stefanov,Tihomir Bezlov / Language(s): Bulgarian

One of the most recently discussed - privatization - is increasingly out of the range of predictions and is becoming a reality. As the data from the latest study of the Center for the Study of Democracy on privatization issues shows, preparations for it are advanced: in 13% of the state-owned enterprises are currently under assessment, 22,.5% are analyzed and 10,.2% are included in privatization programs.

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Масовата приватизация в България, декември 1997 г.

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Bulgarian

For three years, it was discussed how to organize the process of mass privatization in Bulgaria and what model to adopt. An administrative option was chosen, following the example of the Czech Republic, and with the adoption of the investment privatization program on December 19, 1995, the mass privatization began in the country. Until the last moment of its beginning, the hesitation of whether it should have taken place in this version did not cease. Mass privatization has also become a field of political opposition. But when the process started, both pessimists and optimists took part.For those involved in mass privatization, the assessment of whether they made a mistake depends on the specific financial results. For the economy as a whole, the assessment of the effect of mass privatization can not be subtracted from the context of its impact on the main markets: commodity, labor and stock markets.

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Доклад за оценка на корпоративното управление в България: 2000

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Bulgarian

The present report has the objective to provide an overview of the general framework and particular dimensions of the corporate governance in Bulgaria. It is published for the first time and the authors intend to continue its publication on an annual basis. In its present form, the study contains information thus far unavailable to the professional community and the media. The evaluations and analyses herein are the first attempt to outline the achievements and the problems in the field of corporate governance in Bulgaria in the years of transition. The authors of the report thus aim to encourage a wider discussion on the subject and that, as a result, practical improvement action will be undertaken. At the end of the past year the Corporate Governance Initiative conducted a pilot study for assessment of the corporate governance in Bulgaria. It is a part of the activities under phase II of the project aiming at the elaboration of recommendations for practical measures for improvement of the corporate governance, including diagnostics and analysis of the existing corporate structures. The survey was conducted by Vitosha Research and covered all listed companies with authorized capital over BGN 200,000. The sample comprised 268 companies, while the number of the surveys was 158. The research method applied is a standard interview with representatives of the companies' managing bodies and senior management. Based on the survey results, the first index of corporate governance in Bulgaria was calculated. The index has values between 1 and 5, the lowest value of 1 indicating unfavorable legal and institutional frame and internal organizational factors of the corporate governance, and the highest value of 5 - ideal conditions and good practice of corporate governance. The report has been prepared mainly on the basis of the results of the pilot study, compared and partially supplemented by conclusions and assessments of other studies, publications in the press and international sources. The report has been prepared by the following team: prof. Dr. Bistra Boeva, associate prof. Dr. Stefan Petranov, Dr. Vesela Stancheva, senior research associate Plamen Chipev, Diana Hristosova - senior expert, Center for Economic Development, Stoyu Nedin - Chairman of Association of shareholders, Dr. Maria Prohaska - coordinator, Corporate Governance Initiative.

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Енергийният сектор на България: основни проблеми в управлението

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Bulgarian

The report analyses the major governance issues of the energy sector in Bulgaria, as well as the common energy crimes. It makes an overview of the 2020 Strategy and presents a recommended governance approach. The Bulgarian energy sector is key for the future development of the country’s economy. For the past decade energy exports and imports formed on average 12% (16% in 2008) and 21% (22% in 2008) of the value of the country’s outgoing and incoming trade flows respectively. Every fourth public procurement contract is concluded in the energy sector, making it one of the biggest taxpayers’ money spenders in the country. In 2008, in a single year, the Bulgarian government committed to energy projects, requiring budgetary investments equal in value to the whole EU funds support for the country for the current European seven year budget period 2007 – 2013.

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Актуализацията на бюджета 2013: прибързана, неясна и антисоциална?

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Bulgarian

Budget revisions are usually a sign of economic instability and are therefore justified by two main reasons: a serious unexpected economic crisis and/or the introduction of vital new policies. The government’s declaration that the 2013 budget needs to be revised and the Prime minister’s explanation for this proposal in Parliament does not include convincing details related to the aforementioned reasons. The additional instability that this amendment would place on the economy, calls for careful analysis and consideration hasty of the possible scenarios in which a revision is necessary.

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Social partners and their key role in tackling undeclared work: 12 success

Author(s): Ruslan Stefanov,Daniela Mineva,Petar Terziev / Language(s): English

As part of the support team of the European Platform tackling undeclared work, CSD is developing a series of papers, analyses and toolkits, aimed at sharing good practices and experiences among the Member States. Since 2016, the European Platform tackling undeclared work provides an EU-level forum that allows different actors, including social partners and enforcement authorities, such as labour inspectorates, tax and social security authorities, to engage in closer cross-border cooperation and joint activities. The Platform’s 2-year work programme for 2019-2020 includes activities enabling Platform members to deal with undeclared work through a holistic approach. The new work programme is building on work to tackle bogus self-employment and fraudulent letterbox companies. Four sectors that are heavily affected by undeclared work have been identified for specific action: agriculture; aviation; tourism; and the hotel, restaurant and catering sector.

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