Към въпроса за фотографския портрет на Васил Левски от 1870 г.

Author(s): Svetlana Muhova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2019

Оne of the most popular photos of Vasil Levski is claimed to have been taken in Koprivshtitsa. This opinion is based on the memorial testimony of Vasil Karaivanov – Levski’s cousin from Kalrovo and a participant in the revolutionary movement. This short article presents the result of an attempt some additional information to be found, which could confirm the credibility of Karaivanov’s opinion that one of the pictures of Levski was taken in Koprivshtitsa.

Европейската комисия за Източна Румелия: Един непознат фотодокумент в архивите на The Getty Research Institute

Author(s): Krasimir Krumov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2019

This paper presents an unknown photograph from the time immediately after the Liberation of Bulgaria. It depicts a collective portrait of the members of the European Commission for the organization of Eastern Roumelia. The photo document is created outside a studio in a natural environment and could be defined as one of the early examples of reportage photography on socio-political affairs that took place on the Bulgarian lands.

Българско царство

Author(s): Ivayla Popova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2019

Notes in Greek and Phrygian Etymology

Author(s): Vladimir Orel / Language(s): English Issue: 6/1996

Tangun and Tangra, and their role in the construction of the Korean and the Bulgarian National Consciousness

Author(s): Irina Sotirova / Language(s): English Issue: 1-2/2018

Today, Bulgaria is both a political and a cultural member of Europe, while Korea forms a common areal with its neighbours, China and Japan. Throughout the centuries, however, both countries, located geographically on the road of intensive commercial and cultural exchange, experienced the impact of nomad peoples, like the Mongols and the Turks. This is why today we can find many similar elements in the culture of Korea and that of Bulgaria, which are the result of the centuries-long thread connecting Koreans, Mongols, Turks and Bulgarians. One of these elements worthy of academic research is the deified Heaven known as tengri, which most probably lies at the core of the names Tangra in Bulgaria and Tangun in Korea. The Korean Tangun is only mentioned once in the work of the Buddhist monk Iryeon from the 13th century as a celestial son, founder of the first Korean kingdom – Ancient Joseon. The name Tangra was deciphered by some scholars in Bulgaria from a Turkish manuscript which did not survive to this day and a somewhat illegible writing on a stone pillar. Throughout the centuries, there have been no traces in either country of people worshipping Tangun or Tangra. There is no historical, archaeological or ritual evidence supporting the existence of a religious cult of the two deities. However, in modern times, in both Korea and Bulgaria, Tangun and Tangra have been brought to public attention as the symbols of an ancient proto-Korean and proto-Bulgarian religion, respectively. For patriotic reasons, the two peoples have brought Tangun and Tangra to the foreground in opposition to the official religion. The aim is to derive a monotheistic religion from one main proto-deity to equate (and why not to precede) the official religions (Christianity in Bulgaria, and Confucianism and Buddhism in Korea). This study investigates the construction of the image of Tangun as a supreme national symbol in Korea and draws a parallel with Bulgarian Tangrism. It focuses on the transformation of the image of Tangun in Korea from a deified mythological hero into a historical figure, through a large-scale, well-coordinated and well-funded state policy. While the cult of Tangra in Bulgaria is a source of national pride for some Bulgarians, it has not received the strong state support the cult of Tangun in Korea has.

Language Safety in the Context of National Security

Author(s): Jived Jafarov / Language(s): English Issue: 1-2/2018

The article is dedicated to the study of language safety issues, determination and analysis of implementation level of linguistic provision of national security in the context of global information security. The author made scientific and terminological comments of “language safety” concept, looked through language safety provision in Azerbaijan and other countries from language tolerance viewpoint.

Хан Татар и Тодорка (Един прочит на варианта от Велико Търново)

Author(s): Stoyan Antonov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2018

The text interprets Khand Tatar and Todorka ballad by commenting the historical terms used from the one hand, and, from the other hand by doing a transformational analysis of the attributes and functions of the mediator in the plot. The situations connected with the Tartars as historical population are analyzed as potential sources of folk personages and motifs. Resultantly, the folklore situation is seen in the light of a possible reflection of the mythological understandings while at the same time the basic psycho-social functions of the ballad are outlined. Thus the reading combines historical and mythological aspects and compares the particular “Bulgarian” case with the universal models and structures of thinking.

Bendis, the Great Goddess of the Thracians, in Athens

Author(s): Luigi Beschi / Language(s): English Issue: 0/1990

За залозите на едно ученическо телевизионно състезание по история

Author(s): Snezhana Dimitrova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2019

Considering some mistakes made by student during a TV competition on national media, symptomatic of „the state of things“, and based on the theory of affection, the article raises the question of the theoretical and empirical deficits in the historical education and cultural formation of students. It subjects through historical examples the role of the relational context in which the knowledge is absorbed and embodied to challenge the other context of knowledge - the affective. And with that, it turns the scientific focus on the role of hidden curricula for civic education in history,which today define our tomorrow.

Ново изследване за Джумая джамия и Имарет джамия в Пловдив

Author(s): Vidin Sukarev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2019

Сакрална инфраструктура в Пангейския регион 6–5 в.пр.Хр.

Author(s): Vanya Lozanova-Stancheva / Language(s): English,Greek, Ancient (to 1453),Bulgarian Issue: 24/2019

The paper offers an analysis of the ancient written sources about the ethno-political and religious-political situation in Southwestern Thrace – between the lower course of the rivers Strymon and Nestos, and especially in the region of the Pangaion Mountain (Pınar Dağ or Kushnitsa) in the 5th century BC in the context of two sets of events: - Graeco-Persian wars and the march of the Persian army of Xerxes through the Thracian territories; - Athens’ early colonisation efforts in Southwestern Thrace. The concepts of sacred, sacred infrastructure and sacral communication are defined. An attempt has been made to reconstruct the possible sacral infrastructure of the region based on a system of sacred topoi and rituals registered by the ancient authors and specific forms of sacral communication among the local Thracian tribes, dominated by the Edonoi.

EBA Anatolian Influences in Southeast Europe: Some New Examples from Thrace

Author(s): Martin Hristov / Language(s): English Issue: 24/2019

Old and new finds belonging to EBA II and III are considered. Most of all, these are the artefacts from Mikhalich, Constantsia, Ezero, Dubene, etc. Some of them are imports into Thrace and are commented enough in the specialised literature. Others were made in Anatolian style. A stone cup in the collection of the village of Svezhen, Plovdiv region, may also be indicated as an example. It is made of serpentinite, probably of local origin. However, its decoration has a very good parallel in one silver vessel of Anatolian origin. On the other hand, some finds from the Anatolian region evidence to the two-sided process of influence and contacts during EBA III and later. The data give reason to confirm the conclusion that contacts with Anatolia are certain at least since EBA II, and this is discernible in the artefacts considered, while they are considerable during EBA III.

Двоичните имена (Nomina mota) в славянските езици (с особен оглед към български език)

Author(s): Ivan Kochev,Ivan Yustinianov Kochev,Liliqna Domuschieva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/1998

On the basis of a rich comparative material from the Slav languages the essential noun forming models in the category presented by gender couples, have been established: 1. The most widely spread is the model, where the masculine form is transformed as a basis, to whish is attached the feminine formant, for instance the cases with suffices: - in Bulgarian and Polish (приятел - приятелка; przyjaciel - przyjaciotka)', -ица/ -ница прщател>-прщател>ица, приятель приятельница in Serbian and Russian). Besides, a diversity of the cases may appear connected with the competition of the suffices, compare with Czeck (pfitelnice - pfitelkyne). Basic suffix for feminine formations in all Slav languages is -ka (with its extended suffices).

Selected bibliography of Thracology in Bulgaria (1995-1999)

Author(s): Irina Shopova / Language(s): English,Bulgarian,French,Russian,Georgian Issue: 9/1999

LES COMMUNAUTÉS GRECQUES ORTHODOXES EN MACÉDOINE DANS LE CADRE OTTOMAN : LE CAS DE SALONIQUE, ADMINISTRATION ET ÉVOLUTION AU XIXe SIÈCLE

Author(s): Emilie THEMOPOULOU / Language(s): French Issue: 3/2019

We are examining the administration of the Greek-Orthodox community in Thessaloniki during the Ottoman period, and its evolution in the 19th century. We are observing self-governance institutions in place since the Byzantine era. Powerful Greek-Orthodox families of Salonica and the Church play an important role in the administration of the Greek-Orthodox community. By the 17th century, changes can be seen in the makeup of the community’s administration as new members from the city’s professional guilds become part of it. This development enhanced the role of secular elements in that administration. By the second half of the 18th century, the creation of a class of merchants in the Greek-Orthodox community helped it gain a leading role in the administration of its affairs. We are also examining, by relying on Ottoman documentary evidence, the districts inhabited by the Greek-Orthodox of Thessaloniki in the first half of the 19th century, and how these developed in the latter part of the century following the city’s new town plan. The changes brought about by the Ottoman authorities in the second half of the 19th century with respect to the administration of the Greek-Orthodox communities under Ottoman rule were significant. Nonetheless, socially and financially powerful groups continued to partake of the administration of the Salonica community. The participation of the Greek Orthodox (powerful financially and socially groups) in regional councils (the so-called vilayet idare meclisi) brought about changes in the relations of the Greek-Orthodox with the local representatives of the Ottoman authorities. By the end of the 19th century, these developments had led to the emergence of new socialities between communities, and new mentalities and behaviors.

À la vie, à la mort. Le deuil au sein d’une communauté d’amateurs

Author(s): Cathia Papi,Guillaume Desjardins / Language(s): French Issue: 23 (1)/2019

This paper focuses on the specificity of interactions in a group of mourning created within a community of amateurs in a sociodigital network. it allows to observe that on the creation of a post-mortem digital identity of thedeceased constituting at the discretion of tributes is articulated with emphasis ofmemories, thoughts and affects also participating to the presentation of themselves and the bereaved. The comparison of the main results of analysis of this group with those of 4 other groups without community link, highlights that, in spite of the fame of the deceased, the collective dimension of the identity is more at stake than the individual dimension when the mourning is made within a community. *** Cet article s’intéresse à la spécificité des interactions ayant lieu dans le cadre d’un groupe de deuil créé au sein d’une communauté d’amateurs sur un réseausocionumérique. Il permet d’observer que la création d’une identité numérique postmortemdu défunt se constituant au gré des hommages s’articule avec la mise enavant de souvenirs, pensées et affects participant également de la présentation quefont d’eux-mêmes les endeuillés. La comparaison des principaux résultats d’analysede ce groupe avec ceux de 4 autres groupes sans lien communautaire fait ressortirque, en dépit de la notoriété du défunt, la dimension collective de l’identité est davantage en jeu que la dimension individuelle lorsque le deuil s’effectue au sein d’une communauté.

Емоции и семейни отношения в условията на транснационална миграция. Случаят на гораните от Косово

Author(s): Ivaylo Markov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2019

While most studies of transnational processes are focused on the remittances inthe context of socio-economic development or on the transnational citizenship and the political mobilization across the borders, this article aims to explore the role of emotions in the migration experience and more specifically – their place in the negotiation of transnational family-kin life. The author proceeds from the assumption that the emotional dynamics are an important part of the analysis of the transnational kin relations. According to this approach, the focus of the study is not only on those who leave but also on those who remain in the villages of origin. Feelings of loss, sadness, longing, pain, guilt, but also expressions of happiness, excitement,gratitude, love, hopefulness etc., are experienced in both ends of the migration chain.Emotional encounters are related to family expectations and moral obligations, to mutual responsibilities and care giving within the dispersed families.These issues are addressed on the basis of ethnographic data personally collected by the author among representatives of the Kosovar Gorani – a community renowned in the Balkans for the decades-long intensive labour mobility which often involves two or even three generations within a family-kin group. The data presented show that transnational family-kin members may find ways to connect time and space so as to ensure (virtual and physical) co-experiences and to keep their emotional relationships viable and active. The tools and strategies used by people are various and include memories, imaginations, gifts and remittances, long-distance communication and mutual visits.

Бележки върху колективната жертва/курбан

Author(s): Angel Angelov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2019

In the religious practices of the population in the Bulgarian lands, kurban is an instrument for expressing gratitude towards God for His support during times of hardship, illnesses, and ordeals. It is constantly present in ceremonial practices from time immemorial. However, as every other aspect of human life, it is subject to change. The alterations in religious beliefs lead to variations in the ritual itself and the nature of the sacrifice. Nevertheless, more detailed analysis shows that modern kurban represents a peculiar mixture of ancient traditions and newer religious customs. Furthermore, Christian and Islamic theologies are not always dominant in ceremonial practices. The influence of pagan cults is felt particularly strongly in the mountainous and semi-mountainous regions, where the role of the religious institutions is markedly weaker.

Недоразказаната история на робството: към предпоставките за една публична „война на термините“

Author(s): Olga Todorova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2019

The article argues that speculation with the metaphorical use of the term “slavery”, which in recent years took over the Bulgarian public debate on the Ottoman past, is due not only to political and ideological reasons but also to the fact that the Bulgarian historical science does not pay enough attention to the study of the institution of slavery in the Ottoman empire. Very little, in particular, has been done for the research on domestic slavery, which was the most mass form of slavery in the Empire, including its Bulgarian provinces. Several themes are discussed in the text, the illumination of which undermines the popular myth of the total Bulgarian “slavery” during the Ottoman era: 1/ about the ethnic composition of slaves, its dynamics over the centuries and the exceptionally modest place of the Bulgarians among the slaves after the middle of the 15th century; 2/ about the significant difference between the status of slaves in the Ottoman Empire – on the one hand, and its non-Muslim subjects – on the other hand and 3/ about the presence not only of the non-Muslim but also of the Muslim slavery in the Bulgarian lands during the Ottoman centuries, as well as about slavery as an integral part of the history not only of the Ottoman Empire, but also of all southern Christian Europe until the beginning of the 19th century.

За Инес Кьолер-Цюлх – признат изследовател, уважаван и обичан колега и искрен приятел на България (1941–2019)

Author(s): Doroteya Dobreva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2019

In memoriam