Политическото присъствие на възобновеното Българско царство в днешна Молдова (XII – XIV в.)

Author(s): Tervel Popov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2019

The article examines a number of written sources (western treatises,letters, historical works, Arabic and Persian manuscripts, geographical and nautical maps), which testify about the political presence of the restored Bulgarian kingdom in part of the Dnipro-Carpatian region. Shown is how during different periods the local population was under the rule or in sphere of influence of the Hungarian kingdom,the Golden Horde and the Bulgarian kingdom. Some of the adornments found near Voinești, Oțeleni and Cotnari are originating from the area of South Danubeand together with the monetary finds present an important evidence about the relations of today’s Moldavian lands with the Bulgarian lands south of Danube.

Удобната забрава: разрушаването на Вавилон през 689 г.пр.Хр. в царските надписи на Синахериб и Асархадон

Author(s): Kabalan Moukarzel / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 24/2019

The aim of the present paper is to propose a study on the narrative about the destruction of Babylon in 689 BC, presented in the royal inscriptions of its destroyer – Sennacherib, and of its restorer – Esarhaddon. Both groups of texts expose different points of view on the event in relation to their structure, composition and message. In the first part of the paper, some basic historical facts on the event are summarised in the light of the previous research and their conclusions. The destruction came as result of prolonged war between Assyria and a coalition of Babylonia and Elam in the period 694–689 BC. It came also as a result of Sennacherib’s unsuccessful policy in Babylonia prior to the conflict aimed at imposing Assyrian domination. The second part of the study is concentrated on Sennacherib’s version of the destruction described in his inscription from Bavian (Sennacherib No. 223). A translation of the passage under discussion into Bulgarian is proposed. The narrative scheme is examined in detail, and several episodes in its story are defined. This version of the destruction is called here the version of the convenient memory, because it exposes a traditional story in form and meaning, representative for the Assyrian royal inscriptions and their propagandistic content where the king and his anger have a key role in all deeds described. The third part of the paper is concentrated on the second version for the destruction, narrated in the inscriptions of Esarhaddon, with emphasis on inscription Esarhaddon No. 104, known from several copies from Assyria and Babylonia. A translation of the passage with the narrative into Bulgarian is proposed. The story in this text presents a very different view to the event in several episodes and ascribes the destruction to the main Babylonian deity – Marduk – and his anger. A comparison of both versions shows serious differences in their narratives and explains the logic behind these differences. The second version on the event is named in the paper the version of the convenient oblivion, because it gives a different explanation for the destruction, centered on the deity’s anger. The aim of the fourth part of the study is to analyse the composition of the second version in relation to its variants and sources in the light of the royal inscriptions of Esarhaddon. Several episodes of the story are presented with major or minor variations in form, meaning and structure of the narrative in different royal texts. Parallels are made with inscriptions Esarhaddon Nos 108, 116 and 113. All modifications (variants) are seen here as an instrument of the propagandist nature of the message in the text. The sources used for the composition of the second version differ in type. There is intertextuality among inscriptions of Esarhaddon, as well as phraseological use of passages from the royal inscriptions of Sennacherib, the ritual series Šurpu and the Gilgameš Epic. The diversity of sources used in the composition of the second version is remarkable, as also the literary abilities of the royal scribes, and the king himself. The last, fifth part of the study deals with some conclusions on the nature, aims, spreading and reception of the second version. The message of the passage is well composed and aimed at a wide public, mainly in Babylonia. Its main goal is to propose a theological explanation for the destruction of Babylon, where Assyrians are replaced by Marduk in the role of the destroyer. The arguments in favour of this explanation in the text are based on beliefs of ordinary people and ascribe their personal tragedy to god’s will. The use of widespread elements from the consciousness and the psychology of the ancient Babylonians is seen as the main manipulative achievement of the second version. Some notes on the reception of the version are added in the light of a later text – a passage in Nabonidus’ inscription from Babylon, where the destruction is explained in some of the terms noted early in Esarhaddon’s narrative of the event.

Niko Županič in vprašanje jugoslovanstva: med politiko in antropologijo (1901-1941)

Author(s): Christian Promitzer / Language(s): Slovenian Issue: 1/2001

A biographical outline of the Slovene Anthropologist and Ethnologist Niko Županič (1876-1961) is the starting point for a discussion of integral Yugoslavism among the Slovenes from the early 20th century until 1941. Županič stems from the region of Bela krajina and studied history, geography and ethnology at the University of Vienna. In 1907 he moved to Belgrade, where he worked as curator in the Cultural Arts Museum and in the Ethnographical Museum. During World War I he was member of the Yugoslav Committee. He returned to Slovenia in 1921, where he became director of the Ethnographical Museum in Ljubljana. In 1922/23 he was minister in the Yugoslav government of the radical Nikola Pašić for some months, but his efforts to promote the Radical Party in Slovenia, which wars originally a Serbian party, remained fruitless. The reasons for this failure have to be considered in the already distinct political constellation in Slovenia, where the Liberals were considered more apt to represent the option of integral Yugoslavism. During his political career Niko Županič pursued the concept of a biologist version of Yugoslavism which was influenced by the Serbian geographer Jovan Cvijić and was based upon the approaches of "racial science". It proclaimed the dominance of the Yugoslavs in the Balkans, which were on a level with the "German race", while it disparaged Albanians, Greeks and partly Bulgarians. This concept seems to be a Slav reaction on German racist ideas, which were modern in Vienna in the early 20th century.

Zur 90. Wiederkehr des Geburtstags von Vladimir I. Georgiev

Author(s): Ute Dukova,Georgi Rikov / Language(s): German Issue: 8/1998

WORLD WAR I IN BULGARIAN CARICATURES

Author(s): Dobrinka Parusheva / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2019

This text seeks to present the way in which Bulgarian caricaturists depicted the aftermath of World War I in their work. The attention is focused primarily on the image of the neighbouring Other. Does war matter and, more precisely, what is the relationship between war (and post-war time) and the attitude to the neighbouring nations of Bulgaria, and how this relationship influences the dynamics of the caricature images in the Bulgarian humoristic press? These are the questions to which the author offers an answer. As a basis of discussion a corpus of about 80 caricatures published in the newspaper Българан (Bălgaran) is used.

Акад. Васил Гюзелев – изследовател, учител и вдъхновител

Author(s): Silviya Arizanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5/2016

Vasil Gyuzelev – Researcher, Teacher and Inspirer

Ritet mortore e përkujtimore në fshatrat arnaute të rajonit të Rostovit, Rusi

Author(s): Alexander A. Novik / Language(s): Albanian Issue: 37.1/2018

Etnolinguistic and anthropological field work in Rostov on Don region (villages Margaritovo, Semibalki, Pavlo-Ochakovo, Chumbur-Kosa, town Azov) was organized in 2015-2017. The materials of these expeditions are focused on death rites of local population in the border of Russia and Ukraine. The collected data of traditions and revitalization of old rites are very important for multidisciplinary study of the migrants from the Balkans (Arnauts, or Greeks and Albanians, according to historical archives of the 18th century) on the territory of the former Russian Empire.The author has paid special attention to the tradition of death rites in 19th – beginning 21st century. The memorial rituals on certain fixed days throughout the year are other theme of the studies. All of the materials are collected from our informants last years. We can analyze transformation of death rites and memorial rituals during the 20th century.

Recenzija: Kruh in politika — Poglavja iz etnologije Vitanja

Author(s): Žarko Lazarević / Language(s): Slovenian Issue: 1-2/1988

The review of: Kruh in politika — Poglavja iz etnologije Vitanja. Uredila Duša Krnel-Umek in Zmago Smitek. Znanstveni inštitut Filozofske Fakultete in Partizanska knjiga, Ljubljana, 1987, 710 str, in 87 fotografij.

L’HABITAT MÉDIÉVAL DE PERNIK : RÉFLEXIONS SUR SA DÉMOGRAPHIE (IXe – XIIe SIÈCLES)

Author(s): Albena Milanova / Language(s): French Issue: 3/2019

The text attempts to give an idea about the demography of the medieval site situated on the hill Grado in the present day town of Pernik. The demographic dimension is introduced not as an impossible numerical data, but by crossing indirect indices, provided primary by archaeology. We are concerned with all the elements that enable to highlight the structure of the population, both in its quantitative (number and density) and qualitative (ethnic and social composition) characteristics in order to identify the features that allow to qualify the site as a town, as well as to trace the changes and constants in its status. The exegesis of different kinds of materials permits to conclude that between the ninth and the end of the twelfth century the structure of the population evolved in a constant and progressive way (increased in number, density, social and ethnical diversity). This demographic growth was proportional to the diversification of the functions of the site and sanctioned its typological transformation from village to town.

LA BULGARIA E I BULGARI NELL’OPERA DI GIOVANNI TARCAGNOTA

Author(s): Penka Danova / Language(s): Italian Issue: 3/2019

The article examines those pages of the masterpiece and huge historical work of Giovanni Tarcagnota from Gaeta (1508–1566), which are devoted to Bulgaria from its establishment to the Ottoman conquest. The author, who is of Greek origin, succeeds in extracting the most representative moments from Greek and Latin sources, as well as to present them to the Italian reader in a fascinating manner. Several sources are cited (Flavio Biondo, Platina), which not only Tarcagnota uses, but he has also translated them from Latin to Italian for the Venetian publisher Michele Tramezino.

Към въпроса за етногенезиса и историята на чеченско-българските контакти в Ранното средновековие

Author(s): Zelimkhan Adamovich Tesaev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2019

The article examines a number of evidence pointing to the close contacts between the ancient Chechen and the proto-Bulgarian tribes, their interpenetration, and mutual participation in the ethnogenesis and formation of modern Chechens and Bulgariansduring the early Middle Ages. It also studies their participation in migration processes on the territory of the Eurasian steppes and mountains of the so-called Turan. An interdisciplinary analysis is carried out using historical, ethnographic, genetic, archeological, linguistic, and fieldwork data. The article also traces out the movement of the proto-Chechen and proto-Bulgarian communities from the Caucasus to Central Asia, as well as their reverse flow to the North Caucasus and further to the Black Sea region.

A palócokról

Author(s): István Majoros / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1/2016

The author writes a monograph (Palóc Land) about a strange people, the Palóc, living in the northern part of Hungary and in southern Slovakia. Material poverty and spiritual riches are the main characteristics of the Palóc. They speak a special and interesting dialect. This study is a part of the mentioned monograph. In this study the author presents the meaning of the Palóc and he presents the regions where they live. And he presents also different opinions of these questions.

Lashtësia e eposit të kreshnikëve nëpërmjet arkaizmave gramatikore

Author(s): Kolec Topalli / Language(s): Albanian Issue: 03-04/2016

The songs of the Epos of Kreshniks (Heroic Songs), part of Albanian folk literature, belong to an ancient period of our history, related to the Ancient Medieval. This has been proven by different aspects of these creations, one of which being the archaic elements in the grammatical structure. Among the archaic grammatical elements preserved in the Epos of Kreshnik, we can clearly note: the neutral gender of the names (for ex. ata bukë), paradigms of the feminine gender with a theme in the consonants (for ex. lodja), the ablative case without a preposition (for ex. Ndalnju gurrave), indefinite masculine names without case ending (for ex. t’vllat), the forms of the genitive-dative cases in the plural with the ancient ending -e (for ex. krushqet), the interrogative pronoun pre-articled (for ex. i cili jush sarajet m’i dojtë?), the short form of the third personal pronoun plural u, instead of the second person ju (for ex. a u ra n’mend për babë e nanë), the optative mood in the function of the subjunctive mood (for ex. kush dalsh t’ligt nuses me m’ja hjekë), paratax constructions (for ex. kanë nisë kangën e po këndojnë,/ kanë nisë lodrën e po lodrojnë) etc..

RUSKA IDEJA

Author(s): Nikola B. Popović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/1994

The Russian idea as a topic falls in the domain of the history of philosophy. The author has presented a specter of opinions regarding this question, from the time the term was initially used to this day. The idea revolves around the concept of the Russian people’s uniqueness and it’s characteristic course in the creation of its own civilization, different from that of West Europe. The question was initially introduced by a dispute between Slavophiles and the so-called »westerners« in the last century regarding the need for Russia to follow the Western model in its development or to find its own way based on its specific national identity. This dispute has been revived in the intellectual circles of modern Russia, arousing the attention of the public and giving rise to new viewpoints regarding the whole problem. According to N. Berdyayev, the Russian idea is in the contemplation of brotherhood among men and peoples. The essential elements of the Russian idea are to be found in the Orthodox religion, characteristic parliamentarism and spiritual communitarism. V. Solovyov held the view that »a nation’s idea is not what the nation thinks of itself in time but what God thinks of it in eternity«. Critics of the Russian idea, such as A. Yanov, declared it to be a defense of slavery, despotism and imperial expansion. It is indeed a comprehensive ethic and ideological system of thought, of political, moral and spiritual principles and a call for the rebirth of the great values of Russian parliamentarism, humanism and personal spiritual purification.

Securing Homes: Orphan Trains as a Way of Curing Ills of the Late 19th Century America

Author(s): Małgorzata Gajda-Łaszewska / Language(s): English Issue: 04/2018

Rapid changes in American society at the late 19th century bred social ills which required solving with the use of all available resources of the era. One of the tools, developed by the Children’s Aid Society of New York, was the “Orphan Trains” program. It focused on the “street Arabs,” poor kids of New York tenements who in large numbers were relocated to Midwestern farms to be Americanized, taught to work and saved from destitution. The scheme is viewed through its central metaphor of “home” which refers not only to the homes found for the orphans but also the homes of the emerging bourgeois class as well as the tenement dwellings. The work attempts to show that saving innocent victims tried in fact to ensure stability of American society at large as it addressed growing economic disproportions, grave shortage of labor on farms and a threat to American participatory democracy caused by influx of unskilled foreigners. Moreover, the scheme of relocation employed community based, self-help solutions which drew on the traditional American values of family, home and hard work and attempted to address new ills with well-established methods of indentured work. Simultaneously, it implemented modern ideas concerning childhood, child care or charity.

УНУТАРГРУПНЕ ПОДЕЛЕ МЕЂУ СРБИМА НА ПОДРУЧЈУ ГРАДА ИСТОЧНОГ САРАЈЕВА НАКОН ГРАЂАНСКОГ РАТА У БОСНИ И ХЕРЦЕГОВИНИ 19921995. ГОДИНЕ

Author(s): Bogdan Dražeta / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2019

This paper will strive to present and perceive some of the current political, institutional, regional and other intragroup divisions between the Serbs and the Serb community in the area of the City of East Sarajevo, after the Civil war in Bosnia and Herzegovina 1992–1995. The foundation and development of Serbian Sarajevo, ie. East Sarajevo during and after the conflict, is examined along with the general geographical, economic, cultural and political context of that city. Data on the intragroup divisions of Serbs in this part of the Republic of Srpska (also called Serb Republic) and Bosnia and Herzegovina, was obtained on the basis of the fieldwork research conducted between the second half of October and the end of December 2017, as well as from mid-March to mid-May 2018. Narratives about the politics were collected through six formal and over fifty informal interviews with respondents on the current political situation and previous political developments, both in Bosnia and Herzegovina on the wider scale, as well as in East Sarajevo, on a narrower scale. Different views of the political processes and phenomena, in relation to the mainstream, have led to a gap between what has become known in the public as „the eastern and the western part of the Republic of Srpska“. The inhabitants of East Sarajevo with whom I lived, talked and participated in their everyday life, consider their region as being neglected politically, economically, and culturally. Separation among the Serbian community is not just caused by political but also institutional divisions, intertwined with each other, while regional divisions are built on the basis of cultural stereotypes about people from a particular area.

Короната, скиптърът и златното съкровище на цар Иван Шишман

Author(s): Ivan Nenov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 17/2019

The text raises the important question about the authenticity of the folklore legends about Tsar Ivan Shishman in the Samokov region.

Българското офицерство след 1944 г. Два примера от Самоков

Author(s): Silvio Tomov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 17/2019

The paper examines the repression of Bulgarian officers conducted by the Communist regime (1944–1989). The general focus is on the lives of two officers from the town of Samokov, located near Sofia. The first is Colonel Konstantin Chichev, who was placed in Samokov for several years and lost his life in the Pazardzhik prison. More information about his life and military career can be found in a book and a paper written by the author. The second is General Vladimir Taninchev, who had all his property and the property of his family confiscated by the Communist state. His son Hristo, an officer who fought in WW2, and his daughters Elena and Viara were also repressed. Their fate is an example of the mass processes against all found guilty by the new state and leading to a series of suicides after the communist coup of 09.09.1944, confiscation of private property for the sake of the state, trials and imprisonment in concentration camps or prisons. Even families and relatives of the officers were persecuted from 1944 till the end of the regime in 1989.

Првоповиканиот апостол Андреj или 41. Псалм Давидов

Author(s): Julijana Ivanova / Language(s): Macedonian Issue: 17/2019

In the collection of terracotta reliefs discovered at the archeological site Vinicko Kale located in the museum “Terracotta” in Vinica, there are some specimens that have got characteristics completely different from those of the reliefs in the collection of twelve recognizable motifs that are dated in the Early Christian period or more precisely in the 5–6th century. These reliefs have some early Christian symbols in common which we meet separately or combined as a whole. The biggest preserved specimen is a square plate on which we meet all symbols combined as a whole; the others contain only some of them. The square pate is till now the only and unique one discovered on the territory of the Republic of North Mace¬donia and more widely. There were no more extensive researches of this plate and according to the only scientist who was studying it, professor doctor Kosta Balabanov, this plate “dedicated to the first elevated Apostle Andrew can be considered as the oldest icon in Macedonia”. The plate was discovered during the excavations in 2001–2002 and later in 2008 other broken fragments were found with the motifs which the square plate also has. According to the overall previous examination of the specimens from several aspects, there is another assumption (possibility) that it is 41 Psalm of David and that the plate dates from the period of the second half of the 4th century or with the other terracotta reliefs from the period of 5–6th century. The proofs are some fragments that are not applied on the square base as the plate dedicated to “Apostle Andrew” but as elements for the plates that were used for frieze. The purpose of these plates was most probably decorative and surely religiously educative and represents another proof of profound knowledge of Christian learning in this area during 5–6th century.

Археолошки истражувања на лок. Градишор-Мрамор, с. Милетково, Гевгелиjа

Author(s): Emil Slamkov / Language(s): Macedonian Issue: 18/2019

The Gradishor-Mramor site is located 1.5 km to the south-east of the village Miletkovo placed on a large plateau that covers an area of about 2,5–3 hectares, directly on the right bank of the river Vardar, a location that is so similar to the site Vardarski Rid (ancient Gordynia) and other archaeological sites along the Vardar River. However, this site has spurred our interest in research because it is im¬mediately opposite the famous site Isar-Marvinci, through the river Vardar. In the special records of the immovable cultural heritage in the field of archeology in the Republic of North Macedonia, the site is registered as a settlement and a necropolis from the Hellenic-Roman period. In the literature, this location is potentially taken into account when locating the ancient city of Idomene, one of the cities that Thucydides lists along the valley of the Vardar River in the famous campaign of the Thracian military leader Sitalces in Macedonia in 429 BC and the attacks on several cities in Povardarie or ancient Amphaxitis (Idomenаe, Gordynia, Europos and Atalanta). In this text for the first time will be presented so far discovered material immovable and movable findings of this site, as material contributions for confirmation or not, on written historical sources, i.e. the settlement on the site of Gradishor-Mramor is an integral part of The city of Isar (a suburban villa or a villa rustica) or at the exact location of the ancient cities of Dober and Idomenae.