"GERMAN WORLD" OR THE ORIGINAL CULTURE: SWISS-GERMAN CULTURAL RELATIONS IN 1930-1940

Author(s): Dmytro Vedenieiev,Victoriya Pechyborshch / Language(s): English / Issue: 4/2016

The objectives are to analyze the development of the relations in the sphere of the culture between Switzerland and Germany in the 1930-40’s and to determine the reasons for termination of the cultural dialogue between the countries after the arrival of national socialists in German and conditions of its recovery after the Second World War. The historical-genetic and comparative methods were chosen for the study. With the use of the historical-genetic method, the evolution of the German-Swiss cultural relations in the first half of the XX c. was explored. Appeal to the comparative method has enabled to draw the conclusions about the features of the bilateral cultural relations between Switzerland and Germany in the period between the two world wars, during the war of 1939 – 1945 and post-war years. Scientific novelty of the proposed article is that for the first time in Ukrainian historiography an attempt to explore the development of the cultural relations between Switzerland and Germany in 1930 – 40's was made. Conclusions. The main reasons of the Swiss efforts to withdraw from the involvement in the German cultural world in the late 1930's – 40's were memories of the First World War, when the conflict between the French and German communities had put in jeopardy the peace within the Swiss society, and a desire not to create the pretext for the global public accusations against Switzerland of its involvement in the crimes of the national socialists, which could raise doubts about the issue of Swiss neutrality. The background for the restoration of the cultural dialogue between the countries was the desire of Swiss to support the formation of a new democratic regime in the neighboring country, which was realized through the activities of both individual private artistic associations and institutions, and the work of the Swiss diplomacy, which through the analysis of the cultural situation of the particular German states was searching for the potential areas and ways of cooperation.

"Méwilo" i "Freedom" Muriel Tramis jako pierwsze gry postkolonialne

Author(s): Filip Jankowski / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 0

In the chapter entitled “Muriel Tramis’ »Méwilo« and »Freedom« as the First Postcolonial Games, Filip Jankowski examines two digital games accomplished by Muriel Tramis, a game designer from Martinique. The games picture the situation of African-Caribbean slaves and their descendants in a pioneering manner in terms of the medium used. “Méwilo” (1987) and “Fredom” (1988) were created under the influence of the philosophical thought in Martinique, shaped by the pioneers of postcolonialism such as Aimé Césaire and Frantz Fanon, as well as their critics impersonated by Édouard Glissant and Patrick Chamoiseau. Both games differ in terms of applied convention. “Méwilo”, which is a thorough documentary game, focuses on questioning the following inhabitants of the city of Saint-Pierre, the day before the devastating eruption of the Montagne Pelée volcano in 1902. The opposition between the black inhabitants of Martinique and their metropolitan torturers, although strongly outlined, is subject to problematization in both games. Among the main characters of the Tramis' works are black anti-heroes who imitate the French in their ambivalent attitude to the African-Caribbean community. Hence, they reflect the phenomenon of mimicry described by Homi Bhabha. All things considered, Jankowski argues both games to feature apparent postcolonial themes.

"Nowe" perspektywy dla Europy

Author(s): Jürgen Habermas / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 764/2019

(De)kanonizujące wymiary powiastki filozoficznej. Casus Jerzego Szaniawskiego

Author(s): Katarzyna Starachowicz / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2013

The article is an attempt of describing the relation of a philosophical tale as a genre to the canon. It is characterized as (de)canonization: on the one hand the story fights with the existing canon by means of satire, on the other – by such negative references and ironically using the satire against itself – builds it. Such ambivalence, hidden in the structure of realizing the genre – which was shown on the example of stories by Jerzy Szaniawski – is inscribed into the author’s attitude – hermeneutic openness and supporting soft truths.

(META)ETYKA A FILOZOFIA PRAWA

Author(s): Monika Zalewska / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 26/2014

In this paper I have focused on methodological problems of ethics and legal philosophy. My main goal was to determine relation between meta-ethics and legal philosophy. In the first part I tried to describe historical context, how jurisprudence become independent form ethics. Then in second part I examined relations between main disciplines of ethics and legal philosophy pointing out that although there are some similarities, there is even more differences. Finally in the third part I explored relation between meta-ethics and legal philosophy. My conclusion was that the problems of meta-ethics also exists in legal philosophy but the level of significance is lower. The reason for it lays in the specific character of legal norms which existence depends on the will of competent authority in contrast to moral norms which need other, meta-ethical justification.

(Ne)održivost koncepta univerzalnog statusa građanstva: perspektiva multikulturalizma

Author(s): Ivana Vuleta / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 20/2018

This paper deals with the concept of the universal citizenship created in the context of the 18th century Civil Revolutions in america and France. Civil Revolutions defined the frameworks of a modern national state, with the universal status of citizenship as a main instrument of the unification of ci tizens. The problem that this paper puts into the center of research is the resistance of the universal status of citizenship to change, according to the changed circumstances of today. The concept of the universal citizenship firmly adheres to the content of the time in which it was created, and multi culturalism is one of the perspectives that make that content unsustainable. Multiculturalism requires that the concept of the universal citizenship in clude identities that are, as a rule, reserved for the sphere of privacy. The aim of this paper is to clarify what happens when we take some concepts, such as the universal citizenship status, for real, without thinking about the con sequences to which such interpretations can lead us. From the standpoint of the multicultural demands, modern national states very often behave like national hegemons just to save the universal citizenship by adopting ”omni potent powerless” syndrome in response to multicultural demands.

... a bramki są dwie

Author(s): Marcin Wiatr / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2017

In the book Wilimowski (Wrocław, 2016) Bosnian writer Miljenko Jergović describes the phenomenon of Silesian identity through the story of Ern(e)st Wil(l)imowski, one of the most outstanding Upper Silesian footballers of the 20th century.

...Beyond Folie à Deux...

Author(s): Sanja Milutinovic Bojanic / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2016

In this text I attempt to recognize and identify two conditions that make engagement possible. One certainly refers to the word, while the other is inscribed onto the body – every or any body – and it regards affect. I illustrate the first condition by a brief reading of a poem by Samuel Beckett, whose English translation the author dedicated to his friend and long-term collaborator, Joseph Chaikin. The second condition I place into Spinoza’s, that is, Deleuze’s understanding of affect.

90-letni Zygmunt Bauman: Schopferkraft i jego dwoistość

Author(s): Tony Blackshaw / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 2/2016

A Biological Theory of Death: Characterization, Justification, and Implications

Author(s): Michael Nair-Collins / Language(s): English / Issue: 55/2018

John P. Lizza has long been a major figure in the scholarly literature on criteria for death. His searching and penetrating critiques of the dominant biological paradigm, and his defense of a theory of death of the person as a psychophysical entity, have both significantly advanced the literature. In this special issue, Lizza reinforces his critiques of a strictly biological approach. In my commentary, I take up Lizza’s challenge regarding a biological concept of death. He is certainly right to point out that science is not value-free; however, this does not imply that there cannot be a characterization of biological death that can be shown to be superior to other concepts. After characterizing and justifying such a theory of biological death, I show that patients who meet the diagnostic criteria for brain death are unequivocally biologically alive. However, with respect to concepts of personhood and related ideas (as opposed to biology), I urge the acceptance of a pluralism of such concepts for matters of public policy.

A Bottom-up Discursive Approach to Genetically Modified Organisms

Author(s): Camelia-Mihaela Cmeciu / Language(s): English / Issue: 11/2017

The debate on genetically modified foods has been characterized by a heteroglosia of voices, ranging from experts, authorities, to scholars, community organizations, media, or consumers. Within such a context where there have been observed various food safety scares over the past decades or some public ignorance regarding the use of biotechnology related to food issues, the Debating Europe platform launched debates on arguments for and against GMOs. Thus citizens turn into prosumers of content regarding food safety and (de)legitimators of EU policies and/or other social institutions. In our study of the comments posted by e-citizens on four debates on GM foods launched on the Debating Europe platform, we will use framing theory (Goffman, 1974; Entman, 1993; Wynne, 2001; Cook et al., 2004) and the Integrated Crisis Mapping Model (Jin et al., 2012) for negative emotions and Plutchik’s wheel of emotions (2001) for positive emotions to determine the salience of (de)legitimating frames employed by the supporters and opponents of GM foods, and to examine the role of affective stance in the evaluation of the social actors related to GMOs. Using QDA miner and WordStat, computer assisted qualitative data analysis softwares, we will conduct a content, cluster and correspondence analysis of the (de)legitimating frames and emotion valences. Whereas the content analysis provides an insight into the frequency of frames used by e-debaters and into the key lexical items that express evaluation and affective stance related to GM foods, the explorative analyses reveal the types of (sub)clusters which prevail in the e-debaters’ comments on GM foods. The findings of this study suggest that e-citizens mainly perceive the issue of GMO through a political frame associated with anger and a health frame associated with fright.

A bűnbak: vallás, erkölcs és politika kapcsolata René Girard kultúrafilozófiájában

Author(s): Lajos András Kiss / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 09/2015

A CRITICAL OVERVIEW OF THE DIGITAL KNOWLEDGE COMMONS FROM A MARXIST PERSPECTIVE

Author(s): FAITH AGOSTINONE-WILSON / Language(s): English / Issue: 6/2016

Going beyond a traditional understanding of commons as land and resources, a knowledge commons involves collective, cumulative informal experience, scientific research, the arts, and procedural, practical information, often with economic implications. However, much confusion exists around the terminology of today’s knowledge commons. This article clarifies the differences between open source and free software movements and provides an examination of copyleft and what it means for academics and activists. The author connects these movements to a Marxian vision of a knowledge commons for all.

A filozófiai „más”

Author(s): Zoltán Gyenge / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 09/2015

A gonosz arcai a szcientológiában

Author(s): Izabella Demeter / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 07/2012

„A Szcientológia egy vallás, amelyet L. Ron Hubbard fejlesztett ki, és amely az ember való- di szellemi természetének és önmagához, családjához, csoportokhoz, az Emberiséghez, minden életformához, a fizikai univerzumhoz, a szellemi univerzumhoz és a Legfelsõbb Lényhez való viszonyának teljes és biztos megértéséhez kínál pontos útvonalat”1 – válaszolja a Mi a szcientológia? kérdésre a nemzetközi hivatalos honlap tájékoztató része. Napjaink egyik leggyorsabb ütemben terjeszkedõ egyházáról lévén szó, jelen írásban nem vállalkozom a kérdésre adott feleletek átfogó összegzésére – maga az egyház több ezer kötetet jelentetett meg, az ellene felszólalók is majdnem ugyanennyit –, ehelyett a vallás kialakulása és meghirdetett alapelvei kerülnek e gondolatmenet fókuszába, Alain Badiou Etikájának2 lencséjén át szemlélve.

A Heideggerian perspective of Georg Simmel’s The Philosophy of Money

Author(s): Piotr Augustyniak / Language(s): English / Issue: 4/2018

In this article, I will juxtapose Simmel's theory with Martin Heidegger's thought. I intend to gain, by this, possibly fundamental (in the existential ontological, Heideggerian sense of the word) sight of his position. In Reading Simmel “by using Heidegger,” I will inquire about his interpretation of “being-in-the-world” and about a place that the phenomenon of money occupies within the limits of being-in-the-world. As it may turn out, this method of analysis will enable us to look at Heidegger's thought in a new way, revealing a certain kind of anachronism or at least a one-sided view of human beings. The question is as follows: whose interpretation of the existential-ontological structure of Dasein is more adequate, Simmel's or Heidegger's?

A hit eredendő hibája és ennek társadalmi kihatásai

Author(s): Mátyás Brendel / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 05/2014

A Holistic Understanding of Death: Ontological and Medical Considerations

Author(s): Doyen Nguyen / Language(s): English / Issue: 55/2018

In the ongoing ‘brain death’ controversy, there has been a constant push for the use of the ‘higher brain’ formulation as the criterion for the determination of death on the grounds that brain-dead individuals are no longer human beings because of their irreversible loss of consciousness and mental functions. This essay demonstrates that such a position flows from a Lockean view of human persons. Compared to the ‘consciousness-related definition of death,’ the substance view is superior, especially because it provides a holistic vision of the human person, and coheres with the perennial axiom about the ‘whole and parts.’

A Man of Late Modernity and Multimedia Civilization

Author(s): Andrzej Tarnopolski / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 10/2013

The author raises the problem of the influence of the so called civilization of multimedia onthe way to describing the said world by modern humans. He proposes a thesis that the amount ofinformation that is increasing all the time, available to modern humanity, triggers the mechanismsof the exclusion of intelligence. Rationalisation is to consist in the reduction of information orknowledge. It is believed that the primary mechanism of the selection that is being genetated off atthis stage of civilizational development is specific simplification of the image of the world and thelowering of the level of intellectual perception so that the image of the world in the media couldsatisfy the requirements of a common effigy. The electronic form of this is aimed at itsobjectivization while getting rid of the disadvantages of commonness, allowing at the same timethe great creators of the media to perform manipulations, which is easy to do with such subjectand the recipient is molded in this way. Człowiek późnej nowoczesności a cywilizacja multimedialnaAutor porusza problem wpływu tzw. cywilizacji multimedialnej na sposób opisywania tego świata przez człowieka współczesnego. Stawia tezę, że przyrastająca ciągle ilość informacji, dostępnej człowiekowi współczesnemu uruchamia mechanizmy ekskluzji wiedzy. Racjonalizacja polegać ma na jakiejś redukcji informacji/wiedzy. Sądzi, że podstawowym mechanizmem selekcjiuruchamianym w tej fazie cywilizacyjnego rozwoju jest specyficzne upraszczanie 􀄞wiatoobrazu,obniżanie poziomu intelektualnej percepcji tak, aby medialny obraz świata spełniał wymogi obrazupotocznego. Elektroniczna forma owego obrazu ma za zadanie obiektywizował go likwidując jakoby wady potoczności, umożliwiając jednocześnie wielkim kreatorom medialnym manipulacje,łatwe do wykonania z tak􀄅 materi􀄅 i z tak ukształtowanym odbiorcą.

A megvalósult utópiák földjén

Author(s): Dénes Tamás / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 02/2019

The essay tries to interpret the effacement of the utopian thinking through drafting the features of the digital world. Utopia is being defined as epoch-marking, a mark that can indicate best the orientation towards the future of any era. The Enlightenment, Postmodernity, and the information societies can all be examined by this criteria. The central thesis of the essay claims that utopias seem to have disappeared today because we’ve already entered the world of utopias, of non-spaces. In order to explain this, the author analyzes the space and time related experiences of the information society. In this regard time simplyfies itself to instantaneousness, places become “non-spaces” – using the terms of the antropologist Marc Augé. Through this transformation, as a horizon is being eliminated, and even if not, the future can be conceived without the human factor.