We kindly inform you that, as long as the subject affiliation of our 300.000+ articles is in progress, you might get unsufficient or no results on your third level or second level search. In this case, please broaden your search criteria.

Download

Umělá inteligence a právní úprava náhrady škody

Author(s): Barbora Košinárová / Language(s): Czech Issue: 3/2024

Artificial intelligence is a topic currently resonating not only with the profes¬sional legal community, but with society as a whole. It is already a standard part of the modern world, and its use extends to various areas of human activity, from healthcare to transport to finance. It seems that the potential for the use of artificial intelligence systems is unlimited. However, with their growing influence, new legal challenges arise, including issues of liability and compensation for damage that this technology can cause. The set, traditional legal framework may no longer correspond to the complexity and complexity of artificial intelligence systems, their development and operational environment, which naturally leads to the search for new approaches to the legal regulation of liability and compensation for damage to health and property. This contribution focuses on current legal issues related to liability for damage caused by artificial intelligence systems and possible ways to adapt the legal system to new technological challenges

More...

Download

An Anthropocentric Comparison of Han Kang’s The Vegetarian and Renato Baretić’s Osmi povjerenik (The Eighth Commissioner)

Author(s): Gianna BRAHOVIĆ / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

A geological era may be marked by a crucial agent of change whose influence on other species is incontestable. The current era, referred to by some as the Anthropocene, views humans as the main geological agents of change. Therefore, the relationship between humans and nature has been placed, more strikingly than ever before, at the centre of literary studies. In this paper, the inevitability of the Anthropocene will be shown in two novels with extremely diverse cultural backgrounds: Renato Baretić’s Osmi povjerenik (The Eighth Commissioner) and Han Kang’s The Vegetarian. Despite both novels being products of different literary traditions that are seemingly unrelated to the current era, their stories are nonetheless anthropocentric at their core, displaying a new way of looking at the human-animal relationships, through the point of view of observers who are powerless to form these relationships themselves.

More...

4.50 €

Preview

Owen Flanagan, How to do Things with Emotions: The Morality of Anger and Shame across Cultures

Author(s): Ana Grgić / Language(s): English Issue: 71/2024

Review of: Owen Flanagan, How to do Things with Emotions: The Morality of Anger and Shame across Cultures. Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2021, ix + 309 pp.

More...

Download

PROMOVAREA ANTROPOLOGIEI CREȘTINE CA MIJLOC DE PREVENIRE A EXTREMISMULUI VIOLENT

Author(s): Constantin Ghioancă / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2024

The thesis of this paper is that radicalism and violent extremism can pe prevented or, at least, reduced, by promoting the main tenets of Christian anthropology. We will argue that the major factor which motivates violent extremism is the quest for meaning and personal / social fulfillment. Unfortunately, terrorism is understood as a means towards this goal, although it only proves to increase existential anxiety and a deeper thirst for significance and personal value. Education, public policies and technological tools are useful in dealing with terrorism and violent extremism, but only Christian anthropology can engage with the roots of these harmful practices and contribute to the recovery of the core values of humanity. The Christian teachings of Creation, Fall and Redemption draw a realistic picture of human condition and of society at large, helping people cope with existential anxiety and finding a life meaning which cannot be found in contemporary materialistic anthropologies.

More...

Download

EDUCAȚIA DESPRE HOLOCAUST ȘI EDUCAȚIA DESPRE DREPTURILE OMULUI ÎN PEISAJUL EXTREMISMULUI COTIDIAN

Author(s): Delia Drăghici / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2024

Education about the Holocaust has long been seen as a particular way of teaching history, specific to this phenomenon, the focus of the educational approach falling solely, on the past. To be sure, studying the past will always be an important part of the Holocaust education process. However, one is becoming more and more aware of the danger of carrying out this approach without giving much consideration to a palliative and preventive approach, one that would bring about serious changes of the present trends of thought and action that could lead to a reiteration of the Holocaust in the future. This paper focuses on an interdisciplinary approach that combines the methods of Holocaust education with human rights education, on the one hand, and intercultural education, on the other hand. It is thus possible to create a framework for studying the past that would facilitate a greater understanding of it, of how the past influences the present and that would promote a democratic culture as well as positive intercultural relations, fully understood and assumed by those who make up present-day society.

More...

Download

Kritička i an-arhička racionalnost. Immanuel Kant i Emmanuel Lévinas

Author(s): Srđan Maraš / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 01/173/2024

The article tries to indicate the key similarities and differences between Kant’s modern and Lévinas’s postmodern thinking on the ontological, ethical, and aesthetic levels. In doing so, the analysis and comparison is based on two basic types of rationality that we encounter here: critical and an-archic rationality. Despite certain non-negligible similarities that are manifested in these forms of rationality, the conclusion inevitably leads in the direction of highlighting their essential differences, which at decisive points in the end prove to be unavoidable and insurmountable.

More...

Download

Vztah sociální pracovník‒klient v azylových domech v Jihočeském kraji

Author(s): Hana Donéeová / Language(s): Czech Issue: 3/2024

The article addresses the relationship between social workers at selected shelters in the South Bohemia region of the Czech Republic and their clients. It points out potential ethical problems in terms of the relationships between social workers and their clients. As professionals, social workers help their clients to reintegrate into society. In order to achieve this aim, their relationship must be professional, i.e. it must have clearly-defined boundaries. This pilot study presents the characteristics of such relationships in the context of the complexity of respecting professional boundaries between social workers and their clients in selected shelters. The pilot study research sample consisted of 10 social workers employed in shelters in the South Bohemia region. The data was collected via semi-structured interviews. The data analysis was open-coded, and the results were organised into a coherent text based on the following two categories: “Reflection of the social workers’ relationships with clients” and “Reflection of the social workers’ sympathies and antipathies in relation to clients.” The study critically evaluated the social worker - client relationship in the context of the ethical dilemmas that may arise in such relationships. In view of the nature of the research sample, the most frequently identified ethical dilemmas were control vs. help, intimate relationship, personal openness towards the client, social worker sympathy for the client, and antipathy towards client aggression.

More...

Download

Sukův kompoziční vývoj v kontextu umělecko-estetických a eticko-filosofických akcentů doby

Author(s): Vladimír Kulík / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2017

This study is focused on the formation of Josef Suk's compositional language, contingent on inspiration originating in the social and cultural atmosphere at the turn of the 20th century, which was marked by the arrival of new poetic and literary trends, influenced by the philosophy and aesthetics of the period. Suk's creativity not only brings attention to an amount of new tendencies in the period style of composition, but in his artistic visions he also responds to a great numbers of latent philosophical statements contained in selected works of poetry and prose from the period. In the text, you can also find the idea that the logical development of Suk's musical language can more or less touch on the developing parallel of philosophic ideas recognisable in the ethical-philosophical projects of structuralism, existentialism, hermeneutics and psychoanalysis. The progressive philosophical meditation on the meaning of existence and the importance of artistic creation finally leads to Suk's inner satisfaction with his life expectations.

More...

4.50 €

Preview

Certainty in Uncertainty: The Value of Stoic Virtue Ethics

Author(s): Martin Smith / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2025

As part of a dissertation that proposes a virtue ethics, this chapter questions Aristotle’s thought concerning reality’s metaphysical grounds. Where rather than reason as the universal organising principle, an arational order is suggested in its place. One that necessarily situates wisdom as the subject’s preeminent faculty. Considering Machiavelli in this frame, and addressing the consequences of intellectual overreach, the significance of moral realism is emphasised. In response, Stoic virtue is proposed as the most suitable approach, particularly amidst societal moral decline. Thereafter, practical wisdom is highlighted as the means to temper extremes, towards an accord with the principles about which reality is organised.

More...

4.50 €

Preview

Religion, Morality and Belief. A Brief Ethical View

Author(s): Nikolay Mihaylov,Soterios Theocharides / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2025

The article is devoted to the content and the dynamics of the concept of "religion". The authors trace its formation and its relationship with other concepts that have described this social and cultural phenomenon of attitude towards the supernatural. Also they defend the thesis about the moral basis of religious beliefs and analyse the difference between the Greek and Latin concepts of religion and its impact on culture of toleration.

More...

Download

Władysław Tatarkiewicz – logos i ethos wychowawcy polskiej inteligencji

Author(s): Paweł Skrzydlewski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2016

W artykule pragnę ukazać losy życiowe prof. Władysława Tatarkiewicza i ich wpływ na jego formację intelektualną, a także dokonywane przez niego wybory moralne, intelektualne. Był on wychowawcą i nauczycielem wielu polskich pokoleń intelektualistów, a jego opracowania z dziedziny etyki, historii filozofii oraz estetyki stanowią wielki skarb intelektualnej kultury polskiej. Do dnia dzisiejszego w kulturze polskiej mało znaną jest sprawa roli jaką w jego formacji intelektualnej odegrała religia katolicka i sama polska kultura narodowa. Droga życia profesora Władysław Tatarkiewicza była złożona, bogata, moralnie piękna, a w swojej treści osadzona w polskości i tradycji narodowej, katolickiej. Zasadniczą rolę w formacji Tatarkiewicza odegrało obok domu rodzinnego, żyjącego kulturą szlachecką, ziemiańską – klasyczne gimnazjum. Ukończył je w Warszawie w wieku lat siedemnastu. Przez zapoznanie się z greką, łaciną oraz literaturą klasyczną rozmiłował się w greckim ideale kalokagatheii. Tam też swoją uwagę zwrócił ku sztuce, architekturze oraz rozważaniom z dziedziny estetyki i filozofii. Jak pisał „Wychowałem się w domu wierzącym. Prawdy wiary były dla mnie w dzieciństwie i później taką samą rzeczywistością jak fakty otaczającego mię świata. Niemało ułatwiły mi życie, choć czasem myślę, że wiara religijna jest rzeczą, którą należy samemu zdobyć, a nie dziedziczyć” (Wspomnienia, s. 120).

More...

Download

Codes of ethics in a contextual comparative analysis of the security forces of the Czech Republic

Author(s): Jiří Nesiba,Ondřej Kolář,Josef Smolík / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2025

This article examines the Codes of Ethics governing security forces in the Czech Republic as of 2024. The study aimed to conduct a comparative analysis of the ethical codes of the Police of the Czech Republic, the Prison Service of the Czech Republic, and the Customs Administration of the Czech Republic. The study focuses on key ethical values such as dignity, professionalism, and the fight against corruption, and explores ethically contentious issues, such as the use of mini-cameras for evidence collection in complaint cases. The findings reveal common ethical principles among these agencies, but also highlight differences in their approach to certain issues. The study identifies areas requiring further attention, particularly in employee training and promoting work-life balance. This analysis provides valuable insights into the effectiveness and comprehensiveness of the ethical codes and suggests directions for their further improvement in practice.

More...

Download

Boží hnev či hnev bohov? O hneve pripisovanému Bohu (božstvám) a o jeho význame v antických a biblických textoch

Author(s): Andrej Démuth / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 4/2024

The current study focuses on the issue of anger in ancient and biblical texts. The author initially analyzes various angry gods and considers the ‘logic’ of God’s anger. It pays special attention to the understanding of anger in Homer’s Iliad and shows that anger aimed at social justice is understood as good, while self centred anger is always an issue. The author also analyzes Bible verses attributing anger to God, but also those in which Scripture speaks about our need to manage our anger. Anger is depicted here as a moral but also an amoral emotion, depending on whether we leave place for God or if we take God's place and become an absolute moral authority.

More...

Download

Smiech a humor v kresťanstve

Author(s): Ľuboš Rojka / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 4/2024

Laughter and humour are integral parts of human life, including Christian life. In antiquity, Greek philosophers like Plato generally condemned laughter, considering it a manifestation of a loss of self control. Similarly, early Christian thinkers, inspired by Plato and the Scriptures, perceived laughter negatively. In contrast, Thomas Aquinas, influenced by Aristotle, attributed a positive role to laughter and humour, highlighting their potential educational function and importance in maintaining a balanced lifestyle. Søren Kierkegaard believed that humour is an essential part of Christian life, marking the transition from the ethical to the religious level of existence. Modern theories of humour point to it as a mechanism for overcoming differences between expectations and reality, which can be useful in Christianity for a deeper understanding of religious truths and thus overcoming misconceptions. Despite its complexity, humour in the Christian context opens up space for a more positive and humane perception of faith.

More...

Download

Re-storying as Restoring: Exploring the Potential of Creative Narratives in Advancing Knowledge about Restorative Justice

Author(s): Peter Vermeersch / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

Promoting the principles of restorative justice requires a departure from conventional narratives of how serious crime is dealt with. The dominant understanding of crime and punishment is often derived from narrow media representations that focus primarily on the details of the crime and the processes within the criminal justice system. These representations tend to follow common narrative scenarios and often inspire calls for tougher crime policies to ensure safety, restore legal order and satisfy society's impulses towards retribution. However, they rarely address issues such as the impact of imprisonment, the experiences and needs of victims or their families, or the nuanced emotions of those responsible for sentencing. As a result, while crime reports, podcasts and television shows regularly examine and sensationalize the crime itself, or reveal the shortcomings of the legal process, they often overlook restorative approaches. But what if attempts were made to 're-story' crime from a multifaceted, nuanced and realistic understanding of events? By broadening the landscape of representation, can a clichéd and overly restrictive perspective on crime and justice be avoided? Can we move beyond black and white discussions and address common misconceptions about retribution and the legal system through improved storytelling and richer narratives? This essay explores these questions. Drawing on the author's experience as a juror in a murder trial and several examples of more complex and inclusive storytelling efforts, it reflects on what such restorying could look like and considers its implications for journalism, fiction and non-fiction.

More...

Download

Az abortusz kérdése a protestáns és római katolikus etikában

Author(s): Jónás Norbert Ferenc / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1/2022

Abortion is a topic that is gaining more and more attention today. It is present in the everyday life of Western cultures, whether we think of the ”pro-choice” or ”pro-life” movements, and more and more political parties have included the issue of legalising or even liberalising abortion in their campaigns. Public forums in the media often seek the views of both public figures and members of the public on the liberalisation and possible restriction of abortion. In the midst of the many opinions and political debates, the Church’s teaching and theological positions on abortion are negligible. It may seem that the weight of Church teaching has become marginal in the discussion of public issues in the postmodern society. In this paper I have explored the philosophical perspectives from which we refer to the topic of abortion today. I have focused on the concept of human dignity, following Marcus Tullius Cicero, René Descartes and Immanuel Kant, then I explored the theological definition of the concept of human dignity. At this point the difference between the Protestant and Roman Catholic theological understanding and exposition of the theological idea of the ”imago Dei” emerged. What is a strong common ground between the two theological perspectives on the dignity of human life is the definition of human life as a gift from God. All moral judgments must be made from this perspective. Then I examined the Scriptures that are commonly used as a reference against abortion in theological ethics. A partial exegetical analysis of the texts has shown that in most cases they cannot be accepted as direct statements. the Bible does not directly addresses the issue of abortion. For this reason, I have also sought out the works of theologians from whom these interpretations can be derived (Didache, Papianus’ letter, Tertullian: De Anima, Apologeticum, St Basil: De Baptismo, St Augustine: De Nuptiis et Concupiscentia, De Fide et Symbolo, De Civitate Dei). Last but not least, I have also examined the Reformers’ statements on apostasy. An important emphasis in the essay is the comparison of the Protestant and Roman Catholic positions. This comparison reveals that the two theological ethics take different positions on distinctive points, thanks to the different theological foundations and starting points that I discuss in the paper. I illustrate the comparison with the church statements, ethical statements and encyclicals that are still in force.

More...

Download

„...hagyd, hogy a halottak eltemessék saját halottaikat!” Zsidó temetkezési szokások és a Mt 8,21-22

Author(s): Kustár György / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1/2024

Funerary customs are inseparable from the fifth commandment. They impose strict obligations on relatives, lasting until the end of a one-year period. The practice of ossilegium, that is, the collection of the bones of the deceased, marks the conclusion of this process. When decomposition completes its cycle, the deceased is “survived”. The buried individual finds comfort in the expiatory disintegration he/she undergoes. However, this process causes pain and discomfort, which is why the commitment to the deceased is so crucial: the surviving relatives must care for the body to alleviate the discomforts of its decay. Rituals honouring the departed ensure final peace and secure the transition from the world of the living to the world of the “fathers”. Neglecting these duties results in pain, suffering, and shame – not only for the deceased but also for the careless and negligent kin. Should anyone dare to shirk their responsibilities regarding funerary obligations, they would face punishment: hatred, contempt, and even excommunication. Jesus invites his disciple to follow him, fully aware of the theological and ethical demands of burial customs. The harsh rejection of the follower’s duties renders Jesus’ words intolerable. Yet, with humour, Jesus can alleviate the scandal, and by turning a commonly understood image of family burial chambers – where generations rest together – into a puzzle, he compels the listener to seek understanding. What does it mean for the dead to bury their own dead? How is this connected to discipleship? The answer is not straightforward, as it is not merely an intellectual assertion but an act of following.

More...

Download

Вистава „Сумнів“: вірити, сумніватися, (не) каятись

Author(s): Nataliia Kolehina / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 03/2024

In the play “Doubt,” set in 1960s New York, Sister Aloysius, the strict principal of St. Nicholas Church School, suspects Father Flynn of inappropriate behavior with the school’s first African American student, Donald Miller. The narrative explores themes of faith, doubt, and the clash between conservative and progressive values. The minimalist set design, featuring childlike drawings, contrasts with the intense moral and ethical dilemmas faced by the characters. The play’s tension is heightened by the stark lighting and sound effects, symbolizing the battle between light and darkness, certainty and uncertainty. Sister Aloysius’s unwavering conviction and her manipulation of the naive Sister James highlight the power dynamics within the church and society. The story raises questions about the nature of truth and the consequences of blind faith, leaving the audience to grapple with their own doubts and beliefs.

More...

Download

SOCIAL NETWORKS, SOCIALIZATION, AND VALUES OF CONTEMPORARY SOCIETY: A CHALLENGE FOR E-LEARNING AND THE INTERNET’S ETHICS

Author(s): Emanuele Isidori,Mario De Martino,Roberta Alonzi,Natalia Poplavskaya,Irina Leonova,Iosif Sandor / Language(s): English Issue: 01/2022

The educational potential of social networks and the need for an "etiquette" that can control, prevent, and guide human behaviour in the era of digital communication so that the social values can be preserved and spread through the network and the new tools that promote digital socialization is a challenge for e-learning. The task of this preservation falls to ethics and education as instruments of preservation and transmission of human and social values to new generations. Ethics as a science of reflection on values and the implications of their transmission through education has the task of monitoring the proper use of social networks and social media to prevent them from being used as tools for actions and behaviours that violate the dignity of the human person. Social networks can be transformed into educational tools if anchored to values and come out from a mere instrumentality. To better explain, in the case of e-learning and digital education, with the intentional aim of promoting educational values in a perspective that improves the human being. Social networks and social media can become tools for positive and efficacious educational socialization if used in a socialization perspective aimed at sharing values and anchored in the common interest and the good. Starting from this hypothesis, the researchers who participated in this study administered a questionnaire and carried out interviews with a group of 87 Italian secondary school teachers selected from different schools in the city of Rome who, during the lockdown caused by COVID 19, attended specific courses for the enhancement of skills in digital teaching and became e-learning experts. The objective was to collect their reflections on the educational potential of social networks and the pros and cons of their use in digital teaching in secondary schools. In conducting the research, the methods of qualitative quantitative research were used. Data from the questionnaires and interviews were collected, interpreted, and discussed. In conclusion, this study has identified the ethical and educational principles that transform a social network into a tool for socialization and lifelong learning within the Internet.

More...

4.50 €

Preview

Защо не съм комунист?

Author(s): Karel Chapek / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 14/2024

The article is based on the thesis that not being a communist is not only a negation, but also a definite ideological and life credo. The author dwells on the topic not so much because he needs to debate on communism, but rather to defend before himself about the fact that he is not a communist and why he cannot be one. He is alien to communism which instead of help, holds out the banner of revolution. Communism's last word is rule, not rescue: its slogan is power, not help. It does not consider poverty, hunger, unemployment to be an unbearable pain and shame, but a welcome reserve of dark forces, an impetus for mass rage and resistance. According to him, “the social system is to blame for this”. All of us are guilty of this, whether we ignore human misery with our hands in our pockets or with the flag of revolution in hand.

More...