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ФАНТАСТИКА И РЕАЛНОСТ В РОМАНА „ЖАРИ В АФРИКА“ ОТ ЕМИЛ КОРАЛОВ

Author(s): Tanya Stoyanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2022

The deals with the novel “Zhari in Africa” by Emil Koralov, published in 1942. The author of the paper focuses on the fantastic in the novel – the mechanisms that realize it, the relations between fantasy and realism. She pays attention to the adventure, the education, the cult of the science and the Utopia in view of the fact that this novel was created for children. Fantasy is a relatively young genre in contemporary Bulgarian literature. It was created under the influence of the translated literature and its beginning can be traced in diabolism. Between World War I and World War II far more fantastic books for children were published than for the adults. Such books were written by Emil Koralov, Elin Pelin, Nikolay Fol, etc. The accent is on adventure, travels in unknown lands and seas, and new technologies. The authors use some motifs from folklore and mythology. Emil Koralov was one of the first authors who wrote science fiction in the field of children’s literature and he was actually the most prolific writer between the World War I and the World War II. He wrote more than twenty novels for two decades. These novels were published in sequential instalments on the pages of the literary newspaper for children and teenagers “The Jolly Company”. Then these novels were exceptionally popular.

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L'ottica metonimica nel racconto “Il padre di Bucarest” di Ivan Stankov

Author(s): Nataliya Nyagolova / Language(s): Italian Issue: 4s/2024

The article examines the metonymic mechanism as a distinctive feature of modern Bulgarian prose through observations on Ivan Stankov’s story “The Father of Bucharest” from the book “Names under the Snow” (2019). The story breaks the traditional framework of the “Romanian text” in Bulgarian literature, usually closely linked to the initiatory plots of the national liberation struggles and the military prose of the first half of the 20th century. In the work Bucharest retains its national features only in the plane of literary topography. At the same time, I. Stankov’s Bucharest acquires the features of any large metropolitan city in the world, where alienation reigns, while empathy is a rare and unexpected impulse. The metonymic optics is explored at different levels: as a principle of image of urban space; as a stylistic concept of combining heterogeneous images; as a mechanism of intertext; as a paradoxical axis of thought and existence of modern man, created through the translation of unselected information, through the dynamic emotional and social illusion of the global world.

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Derbe Sprache, abstoßende Geschichten? Die Unmittelbarkeit des gesprochenen Wortes als Rezeptionshürde für deutsche Dramatiker auf französischen Bühnen. Das Beispiel Gerhart Hauptmann

Author(s): Nicole Colin / Language(s): German Issue: 5/2023

Words can hurt: Not only in everyday life, but also in literature. Injuries that characters inflict on each other verbally can also be transferred to the recipient. This can be observed more strongly in theatre literature than in novels or poems: Spoken speech on stage trigger often more violent reactions in the audience than the same text in written form. In addition, there are various ideas about what is considered linguistically appropriate and what is not. These differences can become a problem in the context of the international circulation of literature, insofar as a basic consensus of language and behavioural standards seems to be necessary here. The deliberate use of provocative or even offensive forms of discourse as stylistic devices, which form an essential part of the artwork, represents sometimes an insurmountable obstacle to cultural transfer. An example of this phenomenon is provided by the reception of Gerhart Hauptmann’s naturalistic plays in France, which the contribution examines in the following. The analysis is based on the hypothesis that the different assessment of politeness as a universalist code of conduct in the two countries is a major reason for the rejection of Hauptmann’s work on French stages.

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„Ich heiße nicht Mon schär sondern Felix”. Verunsicherte Gesprächspartner und misslingende Kommunikation in E.T.A. Hoffmanns Nachtstück Der Sandmann und in seiner modernen Märchenerzählung Das fremde Kind

Author(s): Carmen Iliescu / Language(s): German Issue: 5/2023

The article starts by drawing attention to E.T.A. Hoffmann’s ideas of an authentic sociability, to his ideas of togetherness and focuses on two literary masterpieces that are E.T.A.Hoffmann’s reflections on failed communication between two partners. Clara calls in her letter on psychology as a corrective to the dark visions of Nathanael, Nathanael despises Clara’s cool analytical gaze at his mental and emotional condition, her prosaic viewpoint; E.T.A. Hoffmann’s Sandman shows how major differences in childhood experiences, in perceptual judgements and viewpoint can disrupt communication between two lovers, how these differences may also trigger a transgression of discursive aspects into psychopathology and into brutality. Even children like Felix and Herrmann are experiencing in E.T.A. Hoffmann’s fairy tale The Strange Child a rather threatening speech situation and negative emotions as they become subjects to a rather restrictive play of social interaction, of politeness, of social courtesy. Herrmann’s speech pattern is not efficient. Little Felix rejects the fancy formality of the pronoun „Sie” and he demands to be called by his name; he wants to be recognized as a unique soul.

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Das Auge in der Hand. Lessings brave Enkelkinder oder Über die Grenzen des taktilen Diskurses

Author(s): Gabriel H. Decuble / Language(s): German Issue: 4/2022

The comparative paper attempts to answer the question of the largely lacking tactile discourse in world literature in such a way that anthropological and cultural-historical aspects are considered at the same time. These explain not so much the already indisputable primacy of the eye in literature, but rather its consequences for the reduced literary productivity of the near sense. Referring to texts by Rilke, Jandl, Celan or Henry Bachau, one can verify that the blindness motif contributes to a somewhat credible, yet still rudimental emergence of a tactile discourse. However, these are but mere exceptions in the vast realm of world literature, just like Goethe’s synaesthetic exercises in the fifth Roman Elegy are: no poetics of hands, but rather an accidental encounter of erotic gesture and lyrical reasoning.

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,,Als Hitler das rosa Kaninchen stahl" von Judith Kerr: Geschichte mit den Augen eines Kindes betrachtet

Author(s): Alexandra Nicolaescu / Language(s): German Issue: 4/2022

The novel 'Als Hitler das rosa Kaninchen stahl' was published 1971 in Great Britain, translated into German by Annemarie Böll in 1973 and the author Judith Kerr has been awarded just one year later with the Deutscher Jugendliteraturpreis. The story about nine year old Anna, who has to escape in 1933 together with her family from Nazi Germany and relocate to Switzerland and later on to France was influenced by Judith Kerr's biography. The book finds itself nowadays in the required reading lists at many German schools an has been regarded as Judith Kerr's most famous novel. It is actually part of a trilogy in which the writer expresses her own experiences while reflecting in her writing the spirit of the 1930s an 1940s. Judith Kerr presents the perspective of a child and therefore the political aspects are not at the center of the story, quite the opposite, they move to the background, while the focus is being placed on the main character's personal perception of exile and a life dominated by fear and insecurities. This perspective makes the storyline in my opinion even more revealing and touching at the same time. In the following article I aim to analyze the literary manner in which Judith Kerr transforms the story of her family into the story of a whole generation and by doing that she earns her place amongst the authors who contributed to the process of reconstruction of collective memory.

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„Mit den Gespenstern sprechen“: Die multidimensionale und multitemporale erzählende Rede als „Mut- und Schmerzprobe“ in Christa Wolfs Erzählung Leibhaftig

Author(s): Nikolaos-Ioannis Koskinas / Language(s): German Issue: 4/2022

Christa Wolf has always considered literature as an ideology-critical medium for questioning Culture of Remembrance and memory myths. To do this, you need to talk to the ghosts. This is achieved by creating texts that experiment with the limits of language. The present study assumes that the novel ''Leibhaftig'' is the author’s most honest and at the same time most successful attempt in this direction, a narrative experiment that aims to “transcend the boundaries of the sayable”. The narrative is a multi-perspective polyvocal literary network. Playfully, the author experiments in two directions: with different temporal perspectives and with different forms of narrator and narrative perspective. The narrative structure is multitemporal. The level of an extradiegetic-homodiegetic narrative instance in the present is interwoven with memories from some sixty years in the past as well as from the whole history of humanity. Furthermore, the story is told in two narrative voices, both in first and third-person point of view, with the change often occurring in midsentence. The result is an open text that is not afraid of leaving the wound open, of settling accounts with one’s own as well as with the collective phantoms.

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Bukarest durch die Augen eines Fremden. Stadtbilder anhand des Romans ,,Die sieben Leben des Felix Kannmacher" von Jan Koneffke

Author(s): Ana Karlstedt / Language(s): German Issue: 4/2022

Jan Koneffke’s 2011 novel closely follows the path of a German fugitive that fate has sent to the capital of Romania in the 1930s. The way young Felix Kannmacher perceives his new environment, his new home defines who he is and who he will become. At first, he is frightened, insecure and feels lost in a hostile space. He is overwhelmed by sensations and does not know how to master this new location. But little by little, through the aid of experience – and not always the best one – he manages to domesticate his surroundings and be reborn. The article focuses on Felix’ (the novel’s first person narrator) view on the city of Bucharest. His ever-changing relationship with this space makes the novel so special and so fruitful for and worthy of literary analysis.

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Între „dezgheț” și „perestroika” Din viața cotidiană a scriitorilor sovietici

Author(s): Cristian Chirca / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1-2/2024

One of the most expressive scores of Soviet everyday life was performed by Soviet writers where the oppression of the regime was matched by the granting of unique privileges. Soviet writers, through their works and their everyday lives, add an important touch to the overall picture of Soviet reality. In the context of permanent surveillance (censorship), the activity of writers in both the creative and the everyday (private) areas was governed, among others, by a so-called Nikiforov Syndrome that allowed the presence of the state and its ideology both in the act of creation and in everyday life.

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THE RECONSTRUCTION OF THE TEXT IN HERTA MULLER'S TEXTS TRANSLATED INTO ROMANIAN

Author(s): Anca Gorban / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 38/2024

Herta's prose is rather withdrawn as a literary genre, being divided between novels and volumes of essays. The translator does not require very different strategies in approaching these texts. Here, most often it is a matter of the translator's option, of his vision of his translational approach: either he proposes adaptation or fidelity in such a way as to preserve the "pulse" of the original text. Not even 30 years have passed since the first translations of Herta Müller's texts, so the original lyrics are still relevant, they are still in their prime. The test of time will place the translated versions to be (re)translated. Each translation is for its time, therefore, retranslations update the text in a new version, revealing, at the same time, another relationship with the cultural factor.

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Романтическата парадигма в „Балада за Георг Хених“

Author(s): Adriana Damyanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 6s/2024

The text proceeds from some of the challenges that the current literature curricula for the second high school stage face in the learning and teaching of this component of the subject Bulgarian language and literature – the adequate implementation of the competence approach in literary education, the thematic organization of literary material, the preservation of conceptual and target continuity of the literary educational process. With the idea of helping to successfully deal with them, the exposition tries to read V. Paskov's „A Ballad for Georg Henig“, in accordance with the competence approach and engaged in both the thematic diversity of the work and its aesthetically specific interpretation.

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Нагласи на ученици и студенти за използване на аудиокниги (Проучване)

Author(s): Despina Vasileva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 6s/2024

This article focuses on the role of audiobooks in the reading practices of students. Possible risks and benefits of audiobook use are explored. Data from a survey are presented to determine attitudes toward audiobook use. Emphasis is placed on cognitive, affective, and behavioral aspects of attitude. The study set out to investigate under what conditions participants would prefer to use audiobooks; what motivates the choice of a particular audiobook; to what extent participants identify their experience of reading paper as the same/different from listening to audiobooks; and what texts are preferred to listen to when working with audiobooks. An additional aim of the study was to find out whether there was a difference between students' and non-students' attitudes to using audiobooks. The survey involved 27 students from language schools in Sofia and 32 students from ”St. Kliment Ohridski University”. The findings show that: listening to audiobooks is combined with performing everyday routine activities; the attitude to listening to audiobooks does not differ significantly between students and high school students; listening to audiobooks in order to prepare for exams is becoming more common practice in both high school and college students; the presence of metacognitive learning strategies (note-taking while listening) in order to improve comprehension is observed in students to a higher degree compared to high school students.

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ChatGPT и влиянието му върху умението за четене

Author(s): Stoyka Chakurova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 6s/2024

This article discusses the potential effects of using ChatGPT on the development of students' reading skills. The main characteristics of reading with ChatGPT are explored and compared to reading on paper and in digital environments. The possibilities and drawbacks of these three types of reading are analyzed in terms of how they shape cognitive and metacognitive reading skills, as well as their overall influence on students' cognitive abilities. The presence of ChatGPT, a large language model capable of generating natural language texts, has a significant impact on language learning and the development of key language-based skills and competencies, such as communicative, civic, and social skills, including the ability to learn and express oneself creatively. There is reason to suggest its potentially negative influence on students' motivation for reading, learning, critical thinking, and on aspects of their psychological and moral development. From a methodological perspective, the availability of such powerful AI tools, capable of solving almost any academic task instantly, calls for a rethinking of how and in what ways these tools can be beneficial for education, including language learning, while also neutralizing their negative impact on students' development.

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IN THE PURGATORY OF TWO DICTATORSHIPS. NATIONAL SOCIALIST AND COMMUNIST ASPECTS IN SELECTED WORKS BY HERTA MÜLLER

Author(s): Maria Sass / Language(s): German Issue: 39/2024

Born in 1953 in Banat, Romania, Nobel Prize winner Herta Müller is a Romanian-German author who spent her childhood and youth under the communist dictatorship until 1987, when she emigrated to the Federal Republic of Germany. In a reading organised by the Adenauer Foundation in 2009, Herta Müller spoke about her themes and explained that ‘her books are always about dictatorship, about the planned destruction of the individual, who doesn't count at all in a totalitarian society. ’In her early works in particular, the Romanian-German author deals with the effects of National Socialism on the German community from Romania, mainly on the Banat village community.’ In contrast, Müller's novels, which were written in Germany, thematise the communist dictatorship under which the author herself suffered. Her novels reflect experiences and traumas, mechanisms of oppression and violence from the Romanian dictatorship; she makes no reference to National Socialism in Germany. Dealing with the past is a necessity for the author, but it is not an easy undertaking. For in the dictatorship there are victims and perpetrators, victims who have become perpetrators, perpetrators who have become victims, witnesses and hangers-on, forming a system of entanglements. Herta Müller's work is known for its profound insights into topics such as oppression, persecution, isolation and memory. In this article, a thematic analysis of how both dictatorships were treated will be undertaken using a corpus of selected works. The text corpus comprises several stories from her early work - Niederungen (1982), Barfüßiger Februar (1987) - and the trilogy of novels: Der Fuchs war damals schon der Jäger (1992). Herztier (1994), Heute wär ich mir lieber nicht begegnet (1997). Herta Müller argues in favour of a literature that is existentially authenticated and formed from experience; she uses autofiction as a model of discourse.

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THE EVER-SURPRISING ELIF SHAFAK: “THERE ARE RIVERS IN THE SKY”

Author(s): Anca Bădulescu / Language(s): English Issue: 39/2024

Elif Shafak’s new novel, the story of a lost poem, published in 2024, surprises the readers again. Not only does it focus on a host of historical-cultural issues, but it also creates a very subtle, complex narrative structure. The time span encapsulated in the novel astonishes by its vastness: the novel starts with Arthur’s birth on the banks of the River Thames during Queen Victoria’s reign. The other two narrative threads, closely interwoven with the former, jumps to our times, 2014 and 2018, by the River Tigris and the River Thames, unfolding Narin’s and Zaleekhah’s life stories, respectively. This article aims at following the intricate design of the three storylines, while trying to reveal the versatility and rich imagery of Shafak’s truly amazing prose.

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CHILDHOOD AND TRAUMA IN COMMUNISM - FROM DOCUMENT TO FICTION: "OUR DAILY LIFE", BY SANDA GOLOPENȚIA, AND "GOOD NIGHT, CHILDREN!", BY RADU PAVEL GHEO

Author(s): Iudit Calinescu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 39/2024

This research proposes an analysis of childhood in communism, in two books that address this theme, "Good night, children!", by Radu Pavel Gheo, and "Our daily life", by Sanda Golopenția. The first is a work of fiction, a novel, and the second is based on documents from the Security archive, that are real, historical facts, that trigger the author's memories of her childhood. Although the books differ in general theme and style, they can be united by a basic idea, enunciated by both authors: beyond historical time, beyond concrete space, beyond the traumas of a social or political context, childhood represents that ideal, special place and time, in which everyone finds themselves, where they could overcome trauma. In both books, childhood is depicted from two points of view, that of the ideal childhood and that of the childhood traversed by a trauma, both filtered through the author's experiences. Sanda Golopenția recalls a childhood in Bucharest in the 1950s, at the beginning of Romanian communism, a gloomy world, full of shortages, but which the presence of parents illuminates, transforms, offering the child moments of delight and joy, in which the reader from any era can identify himself, therefore, a childhood taken towards universality. On the other hand, in the fictional world of Radu Pavel Gheo's novel, we find concrete descriptions of the communist universe of the 1980s, in the border area of Banat, as if the author wants to create an authentic map of the real atmosphere of those times and places, and on this background, the village of Teica, the only one that does not exist in reality, becomes a universal symbol of a happy childhood.

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THE OUTSIDER PERSPECTIVE IN THE NATIVE AMERICAN FICTION

Author(s): Oana-Andreea Pirnuta / Language(s): English Issue: 39/2024

The present paper aims at exploring the theme of the outsider, what is strange, weird, what makes us consider certain elements of life to be off and branded as on the ”outside” of what we think to be normal. By looking at a series of characters, Klaus, Rozin, Cally and Cecille, some of them having played a bigger role in the story than the others, we are able to draw some peculiarities that make us understand what led where and why. This study aims at providing a better understanding of the themes of the novel entitled ”The Antelope Wife” by Louise Erdrich aiding us to understand the fate and context of each of the previously mentioned characters.

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THE NATIVE AMERICAN FAMILY RELATIONSHIPS IN ERDRICH’S MULTILAYERED FICTION

Author(s): Oana-Andreea Pirnuta / Language(s): English Issue: 39/2024

The present paper focuses on family relationships of all types within the framework of Louise Erdrich’s novel entitled ”The Antelope Wife”, a complex, multilayered book conveying multiple messages about the Native American way of life and how relationships can evolve. Each family consists of individuals who interact with each other, develop feelings, and establish relationships, such as: sister and sister, mother and daughter, husband and wife, and so on. However, due to various factors, these relationships can undergo significant changes. This study presents the different types of family relationships and the meaning behind the lines. Being a family does not mean being connected by blood, but feeling like a family, even if it has just two members. The characters are interconnected, and their lives are influenced by others’ actions or feelings. Parents have a big impact on children, and this essay shows how their decisions affect the little ones. The relationships between the current generation, like Cally, and ancestors are important. Knowing your past and culture can help you understand yourself and even your family.

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MYTHICAL GEOGRAPHY IN THE FRENCH NOVEL SUITE FRANÇAISE

Author(s): Adela Sava (Codreș) / Language(s): French Issue: 39/2024

According to the Petit Larousse Illustrated, geography is the science which aims to describe and explain the current, natural and human aspect of the Earth's surface. Therefore, geography can be considered as a writing of space, as its suffix attests, it is a mode of apprehension and appropriation of the world through language. Geocriticism represents a meeting place between geography and literature. Both talk about space but the difference consists in the fact that the referent of the first is real while that of the second is fictitious.

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Representations of Endurance, Solidarity and Empathy

Author(s): / Language(s): English Issue: 29/2024

Representations of Endurance, Solidarity and Empathy. We live in a world of high connectivity on multiple levels, making communication and cooperation of central importance to communities across the globe. Unfortunately, recent history has made us witnesses to a heavily unstable political, social and economic climate, in a European and international context. In the light of the most recent events in the global and European history, coping with crises on multiple levels has become crucial. The impact of societal changes accompanied by the dramatic implications of war have brought about significant mutations in the world. The troubled state of nations involved in or threatened by war or natural calamity rests on tension, a feeling of discontent and fear which, in turn, can generate suffering, fragmentation, and even chaos.

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