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The article aims to show that the connection of the metaphysics of being with Aristotle’s philosophy of nature allows for the composition of anthropology per se which involves the concept of a person as it emerges from the two fundamental issues: the metaphysical approach to a person ontologically connected with nature, and the concept of a person as relation. The article concludes with the claim that, in Thomistic anthropology, the supernatural world of persons coexists with the natural world of persons who are subject to cosmic order and legal relations. Thus, a person’s inclusion in the framework of legal relations and its ontological liberation in the supernatural field open up the way for the social acknowledgement of the human person.
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The purpose of this paper is to understand better the live and activity of the Mărginimea Sibiului inhabitans, almost all shepherds, who, over the centuries, have traveled from home to Crimea and back. The paper maps their ways, not only geographically, but also from a historical and ethnological perspectives, which means either a better understanding of the historical regions crossed by them, and an insight view into their everyday life.Keywords: Consiliul Dirigent, Mărginimea Sibiului, shepherds, Crimea, Romanians at the Black Sea.
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The text presents an autobiographical triangle “re-written” with the use of feminist critique tools. The sides of the triangle are: identity, performance and communication – modified strategies described in the “original” triangle by Małgorzata Czermińska. The base, from the perspective of feminist studies, was the question of communal subjectivity, expression of the female subject. Then the element of construction appeared – performativity of “I”. The third side of the triangle constitutes communicative pragmatism.
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The phrase in the title of the article "anthropologico-metaphysical basis" promises to reference, not so much to a philosophical system that would become the basis for a theory of education, but rather to a certain research attitude that stands out due to its realism. This type of approach boils down to the "art of reading" that which really exists: real people and real things, and discovering in them the necessary causes of their existence, actions and common properties. The article argues that a correct reading of the truth about man, of who he is, of what the ultimate source of his existence is, and of what the ultimate purpose of his life is, constitutes an indispensable condition for the formation of an adequate theory of education. Within the framework of philosophical knowledge, we discover that man is a person, that is, an individual subject, who is the source of free and rational actions due to his specific nature and the fact that he is an entity living in the perspective of the Absolute (God), which indicates a reading of the ultimate truth about the existence of the world and man. This type of knowledge provides pedagogy with a realistic metaphysics and philosophical anthropology that was formulated and developed within the framework of the Lublin School of Philosophy.
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The following paper presents Woroniecki's concept of education that hankers back to the achievements of Christian and classical thought. It is based on ontological and epistemological realism in declaring the necessity of integral and universalist human education and training. This pedagogy is based on the assumptions of philosophical anthropology, and Aristotelian and Thomaston ethics; approaches which present who a man is and what moral goodness is as an aim of human struggle. This aim is simultaneously the aim of pedagogy, and thus all undertakings and ways of supporting the learner are to be subordinated to this aim. We can attribute to Woroniecki's pedagogical views, apart from category realism, the more general category of universality. Pedagogy, perceived as educational ethics integral to all human education and training, can be understood as being addressed to everyone. The realism of this pedagogy is based on the conviction that everyone should develop in one's individual and social life in accordance with one's potential, which should be realized by working on oneself.
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The review of: Die Bewáltigung dér Mifie. Ernst Manheim: Soziologe und Anthropologe by Elisabeth Welzig; Wien-Köln-Weimar: Böhlau Verlag 1997, 292 pp.
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Our approach focuses on the art of the Upper Palaeolithic portable art in Western and Southern Europe. This geographical area covers roughly the current territory of Italy, Spain, Portugal, France and Belgium. Portable art means all artistic representations on a movable support. In addition, we refer only to the visual arts and we exclude scenic arts, music, dance, and generally any kind of perishable art (including transient visual arts, such as sand drawings or paintings on bark) that has not survived to this day as an archaeological witness. We are analyzing figurines, carved contours, pebbles, pendants, pierced sticks, propellants, harpoons, lamps, pots, spears, spatula, rings, jewellery, and other utilitarian or non-utilitarian object that possess any form of decoration – figurative and / or geometric – and which is portable.
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The article analyses “immersing” empirical research conducted in the field of social sciences (psychology, sociology, education etc.) in four contexts: psychological, ethical, cultural and the context of methodological awareness. It focuses in particular on the following issues, crucial for the condition of social sciences: research competences of those who undertake to design and conduct empirical research (the state of social and individual methodological awareness); specificity of psychological research carried out with the participation of human subjects – the perception of empirical research as an interaction “researcher – participant of the study”; cultural specificity of the environment in which research takes place; attitude of researchers towards research participants (the state of ethical awareness); accepted patterns of disseminating research results (the policy of editors of scientific journals to approve only of such papers which contain statistically significant results i.e. with significance at the level of p < 0,05;; assessment practices applied in institutions employing researchers: bibliometric assessment of academic units and the evaluation of individual scholars’ research performance; succumbing to the pressure exerted by supervisors on researchers to publish “at all costs.”
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The first part of this article presents the history and the contemporary life of the Domari population living in Jerusalem (Israel). It describes professions popular among gypsies, their social status, attitudes towards the Arabian majority, a language, traditions and customs. The second part of this article was created based on the interview conducted with the Head of the Domari Centre – Amoun Sleem. It focuses on presenting initiatives taken to the benefit of this population by means of organising workshops and courses. This part also discusses the contemporary problems of the Domari people, such as: the lack of recognition as an ethnic minority, social exclusion, language extinction, inclusion by the Arabian majority. The objective of this article is to illustrate the evolution process in the Domari population in Israel, its chances for development and a better life.
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This paper examines recordings of Russian WWI POWs of Finno-Ugric ethnicities (primarily Udmurts) captured by Austria-Hungary and Germany between 1915 and 1918. These recordings were made by Austrian, Hungarian and German Academies of Sciences in the POW camps using the technical know-how and state-of-the-art technical capabilities of the Berliner Phonogramm-Archiv and the Phonogrammarchiv of the Austrian Academy of Sciences and were stored as phonographs and gramophone records. Top experts in the fields of anthropology, ethnography, musicology and linguistics participated in the project, the outcome of which is preserved to this day and allows us to study the Great War not only through written materials, but by hearing the voices of those who fought in it.
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The aim of this article is to pose the question of who is the man in a world steeped in technology. Currently, through the significant growth of the Internet, we are in the middle of the road leading to the connection of all people in the world in one nervous system. Machines are the most important teachers of man. Not only in terms of learning specific things, but also in the sense that the role of the teacher described by Max Weber — in communicating our knowledge about how to be a man. With some caution we can say that the machines define human form of contact with other people. In conclusion, the author of the article considers the question of human nature in the light of such phenomena as the collective consciousness in the network, technological development and biohacking. The author introduces the concept of „machines” meaning the virtual body, computers, credit cards, terminals, camera, internet, networks, software, satellite and fiber optics. These are all elements merged in the „machine” that creates human behavior.
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A category of secondary orality appeared in debate over the condition of contemporary culture by dint of Walter Jackson Ong’s research on influence of technology of word over an awareness of western man. Its concept designates a specific type of communicational situation, which is created by a twentieth-century ways of transmission of informations, like radio, television, telephone and another electronic voice-devices. In Ong’s works the perspective of secondary orality functions in context of the model of Greek culture, which preceded a beginning of the characterstic type of mentality, connected with the interiorization of script. The original oral awareness was dipped in world of mythical stories, which was created a cultural identity by dint of the acts of memorization and oral transmission of poetic experience. Analogies and differences between secondary and primary orality tease to ask about function and understanding the category of myth in perspective the first of them, which didn't appear in Ong’s works. A response to this question must connect with consideration of understanding the myth in contemporary reflection about the culture and with a search of symptoms of its presence in middle-class and consumerist societies, in which have appeared the technology of secondary orality. In my paper I'd like to try to recreate this elements of cultural background of contemporariness, which relate the age of twentieth-century orality to its ancient mythical grounding but equally indulge in transformations by dint of evolution of human condition in western culture.
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“Body” is here understood prima facie as biological, organic body (Körper). This article claims, that ignoring this aspect of human being is wrong, because many important anthropological and existential phenomena are based on reality of Körper, not only Leib. “Reality” of human body is understood as a constitutive element of a human being’s essence, without which one cannot be a human. First were presented Heidegger’s critique of philosophical anthropology and concept of animalitas. According to the author of Being and Time, referring to biological corporeality is secondary to fundamental ontology. This article criticizes Heidegger and claims, that many phenomena indicated by him are primary understandable only by paying attention to organic dimension of human body, dimension underestimated by Heidegger. Then, a number of „existentialist” aspects of human life were presented, and their consideration confirms that it is impossible to gain insight on a human if his corporeal dimension is ignored.
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The objective of this paper is to study post folklore as a phenomenon intermediated by the modern communication practices. Methodology of the research lies in the applying of general scientific principle of objectivity, culturological, structural semantic and analytical methods to research post folklore as a phenomenon shaped by daily communication practices belonging to the type of social practices conditioned by the evolution of information technologies and communication means and facilities. Scientific novelty of this paper lies in the cohesion between modern communication practices as the key factor and the origin and development of Web-based post folklore texts. Conclusions. Based on the research findings, it was discovered that modern Web-based post folklore is primarily connected with its perception as a communication system, which basis is formed by messages and senses. Responding to socially significant events of current interest and in tune with the collective consciousness of the contemporaries, post folklore works act as means of objectivation of the world in certain categories and images that can appeal to the symbolic and sign nature of various cultures present in the daily socialisation space both at the intellectual and mundane levels. The post folklore, born and circulated in the internet space, reflects those trends of public consciousness that dominate it in the given period. The use of folklore forms of the past and resorting to the meta-language is spontaneous and, sometimes, is of an entertaining nature. In perceiving the reality Web users tend to use folklore forms, which intrinsic metaphoricity enables anonymous creators of internet folklore impart general significance to the up-to-date events.
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The goal is to define the functional role of intercultural dialogue in modern Belarus. The research methodology is based on the next methods: system analysis, structural-functional, historical, anthropological, and axiological, which allow us to consider the national culture and the contemporary socio-cultural space in their integrity and consistency. Philosophical methods (analytical, phenomenological and dialectical) made it possible to identify the tendencies of development and interpretation of intercultural dialogue. Deduction and induction, abstraction and generalization were also used. Scientific novelty. This article is devoted to the modern interpretation of the intercultural dialogue and its functional role in Belarus. Conclusions. Being a universal value of the modern world and strategy of European cultural policy intercultural dialogue plays a critical role for the nation building and democratic transformation in Belarus. The crisis of the Belarusian national culture, the lack of natural linguistic and cultural context, not high enough level of national identity and the split of the Belarusian society can be overcome to a large extent through the development of intercultural dialogue, which would be an attributive characteristic of Belarusian society due to its historically multi-confessional and multi-ethnic structure and deep democratic traditions of the Belarusian history.
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In this article, the book ‘Home Time’ by one of contemporary Turkish poets, Abdulkadir Budak, through the contained poem ‘Home, Pain’ on focus is examined. Although the review is partly based on disciplines as anthropology, psychology, mythology, yet any of these has been selected as the dominant method. In this examination in terms of the theme by the help of these disciplines, the nature of art has been meticulously considered. Because the work of art has a nature that cannot be limited to the particular inspection methods of definite disciplines. The book subject to examination in this article is written in a style that encompasses a certain theme by the poet. As a living space home impacts on the poet are manifested in different aspects in each poem in the book. Yet the clearly emerging situation is the instability and uneasiness of the poet as an individual against home. This vacillating state and the poet’s state against the house are accompanied by intense contradictions. Home as the family’s living space, has created difficulties for the individual poet expressed by almost tragic tone. The subjects are the house centred everyday life on one hand, the problems created by that very life and a space resourcing and shaping the everyday life on the other hand. Although the narrative style is prevailing on poems in general, the poems have features exceeding the narration with the arrangement in a flow accompanied by patches of implication and irony, elaboration of fine details and association level.
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Eine aktuelle Perspektive, die sich auf kultische Bräuche bei Geburt, Taufe, Hochzeit und Beerdigung bezieht: Die Traumhochzeit Im vorliegenden Beitrag handelt es sich um die aktuelle Sichtweise eines alten Themas: Taufe, Hochzeit und Beerdigung im heutigen städtischen Raum. Dabei werden die Hauptquellen und die Forschungs- und Interpretationsmethoden zu diesem Thema vorgestellt und eine Reihe von Veränderungen erörtert, die diese kultischen Bräuche heutzutage prägen.
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The cross sign, together with other fundamental symbols, namely the centre, the circle and the square, is common for all traditions and it’s directly linked to the Primordial Tradition. In Christianity, the cross bears a great meaning and that is why specialists in symbolism regard it as “the sign of signs”. The cross is identified as an emblem of the Christian Church, occupying the central place within the sacred rituals, but also in regard to the artistic and architectural motifs, presenting a high degree of diversity. In the Transylvanian cemeteries, the crosses have a great diversity of forms and ornaments, differing from place to place and sometimes expressing the cultural influence suffered by each community. In the “Haţeg Land”, the crosses in the cemetery of Densuş are tall and thin, distinguished through the elaborate form of their round or geometrical carved arms. The cemetery crosses in the village of Silvaș are robust, remainders of the old grave poles. The solar symbols serve as their ornaments. The free ends of their arms have 5 cuts similar to the old grave poles. Through it structure, the old cross in front of the Prislop Monastery gives us testimonials from a faraway past, about life, mentality and beliefs of the people once inhabiting this area.
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