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Professors Krystyna Pietrych and Jacek Brzozowski talk to Professor Helena Karwacka about the Polish and library studies in Krakow, her cooperation with prominent figures of Polish history of literature, and the cultural life in the post-war Łódź.
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With the development of geoinformation technologies and geoinformation mapping the sphere of activity of professional geographers and cartographers has been enriched by a wide application of databases (DB). They enable geographical information to be put in order in a user-friendly system. The article considers the methodological aspects of the organizations and creation of such a system - the "Municipal settlements of Ukraine" databases. The basic stages and databases forming the principles which the author designated during the creation of this specific database are highlighted. The DB structure is revealed - the list of the data included in every table is given. The ways of DB applications are determined; they consist in using DB for the creation of various cartographic studies and reference books about the municipal settlements in Ukraine. The prospects of DB development and perfection are considered.
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Any researcher who works with local people in a small town soon finds a number of repeating topics, stories, symbols, characters, and attitudes. Together they create a generalized image that, to a greater or lesser degree, is shared by its inhabitants. In order to move beyond merely recording different forms of self-description and to use these data as instruments of explanation and comparative analysis, the author proposes a model for the genre analysis of such “local” narratives. This allows us to a) reveal links between the past (cultural memory), present (image), and future (expectations and scenarios) of a city; b) explain the cultural preconditions of observed collective and individual actions; and c) explain the specificity of the affective connection between citizens and their city. In the second part of the paper the author demonstrates some results of the application of this model, using two case studies: Myshkin (visited in 2013) and Kologriv (visited in 2010). The narratives of local inhabitants are structured according to the genres of ”progress” (development) and ”regress” (decay). The author is especially interested in how these genres constitute peculiar types of agency, as well as a repertoire of (im)possible actions.
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The aim of this paper is to analyze the effects of media literacy in Serbia five years after "The Strategy for the Development of the Public Information System in the Republic of Serbia" came into force. Among other things, the "Strategy" proclaimed the introduction of new ICTs in order to contribute to better informing and education for children and youth. "Medijska koalicija" ("Media coalition") and US Agency for International Development (USAID), with the help of Serbian Ministry of Education and Science, started the project in order to encourage and support the democratization of the society via promotion of media literacy and responsible journalism in the Republic of Serbia. The target groups of the project were both teachers and secondary school students, as well as journalists. The project resulted in many seminars as well as a web-site which provide permanent support for the establishment of critical understanding of media messages using the most up-to-date learning models such as webinars and other multimedia tools.
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The article focuses on a series of events in the little town Fredrikstad in southeastern Norway in the year 1852. A small group of proto-methodists, who later on were influenced by Mormonism and emigrated to Utah, made serious efforts to dominate the public urban spheres: the church, the court room, the harbour and the streets. Their actions were, partly, inspired and legitimized by religious visions and hallucinations but their message included both religious and social reformation. They were charged with accusations of blasphemy, crimen laesae majestatis, disturbing public order and insulting His Majesty’s servants, and they eventually ended up with legal sentences. One of the rebels, the shipmaster Tobias Jacobsen, was also accused of being insane and made the object of a thorough psychiatric investigation. The author presents four main points of interpretation of these events: 1) The events can be analyzed in terms of “systems in conflict”, that is as a confrontation between radically different cultural values and symbols, 2) The conflict had rhetorical implications for both groups of participants: the group in revolt and the established public authority, 3) The rhetorical implications include different conceptions of time and history, and 4) As a contribution to the study of cultural history, a close examination of the visionaries’ rebellious narratives may show the close interaction between speech and action, event and narrative.
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In the spring of 1967, at the village Köröstarján (Tărian), lying close to the western border of Romania, in the vicinity of the town Nagyvárad (Oradea) on the right bank of the river Sebes-Körös graves were found during the extraction of sand pits on the hill called Csordásdomb (Fig. 1). Rescue excavations were started in April of the same year by N. Chiodosan and D. Ignat, who opened altogether 41 graves. Apart from graves dated to Celtic, Sarmatian and uncertain periods, there were 12 Hungarian burials of 10–11th centuries (Fig. 2). The former 10–11th century cemetery must have contained much more graves as the excavations could not delimit the extent of the cemetery in any directions. The documentation concerning the excavations remained also in a deficient state. Thus it is very difficult to draw conclusions on the order of the burials. The graves were oriented, with minor divergences, to the west, with the exception of grave No. 29 oriented with the head facing south. Several of the graves were disturbed in the remote past. Horse harness was found in two graves (21, 29) and remains of a horse skull in one (this latter was a robbed grave, see Fig. 3/7). In grave No. 21 (Fig. 3/5) an arrowhead made of iron was found. This was the only grave with arms among the grave-goods. On the basis of the finds, all of the graves could be dated to the 10th century with one exception. Probably they started to use the cemetery before the middle of the 10th century and it was continued in this function till the end of the century. The only exception is one skull buried separately dated by a denar of Ist (Saint) László, King of Hungary in 1077–1096 (Fig. 3/2). According to the opinion of the author, this skull was dug into the already long forsaken cemetery by the end of the 11th century
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History of NIRD URBAN-INCERC: research in civil engineering, architecture and spatial planning.
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The development of the system of vocational education and training represents a priority assumed by Europe 2020 development strategy. Starting from the known relationship between the employee competence and the performance of a field of activity, we have analyzed the system of vocational education and training in tourism in three Black Sea riparian countries. We have highlighted similarities and differences, so that we can identify the right solutions for a significant quantitative and qualitative development. The option for tourism is based on the fact that, for all the analyzed countries, the development of this industry is a powerful incentive for the national economic growth. The study confirms the existence of a relationship of direct proportionality between the level of development of the vocational education system and the competitiveness of the tourism sector, and highlights the benefits of sustainable investment in the vocational education and training of the young people, and the costs of this process.
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In den Provinzen an der mittleren Donau kommt Savaria eine besondere Stellung zu, weil wir seit langem wissen, daß dort die Institution der Kaiserkultes in Pannonia Superior errichtet wurde. In anderen Provinzen ist der Sitz der Institution nur zu vermuten. In Savaria kennen wir auch den Ort des Kultzentrums innerhalb der Struktur der colonia. Aus der Untersuchung der Inschriften der Priester des Kaiserkults in der Studie stellt sich heraus: der sacerdos arae Augustorum Pannonia superioris wird der Bürger gewesen sein, der mindestens in der Stadt duumvir oder in zwei Städten decurio war. Aufgrund der die colonia Savaria umgebenden Gräberfelder und kultischen Funde sowie der Fundstelle von Inschriften im Zusammenhang mit dem Kaiserkult konnte in der Stadtstruktur der Ort des Provinzialforums bestimmt werden. Von Norden, Süden und Osten umgeben Bestattungen die colonia. Im Westen wird die Stadt vom Savaria- (heute: Perint-) Bach begrenzt. In dem großen Gebiet zwischen dem Bach und den Hügeln im Westen gibt es keine Bestattungen. Am W-Rand dieses etwa 500×300 m großen Gebiets stand das Theater, das ebenfalls ein unausbleibliches Gebäude der Provinzialforen war. In diesem Gebiet fanden sich die Inschriften, die den Ort des Kaiserkults beweisen, und dort befanden sich auch die sakralen Denkmäler, die mit der sakralen Bestimmung des Gebietes in Zusammenhang zu bringen sind. Am O-Ende des Provinzialforums wurden 39 Pfeiler gefunden.
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János Rechnitzer’s study Changes and links between the higher education network and regional networks shows that the attention of Hungary’s academic community in the regions has become increasingly focused on higher education. The author finds that throughout Europe the dominance of the capital city is decreasing significantly in higher education, and also that the regional influence of higher education is increasingly felt in the development of individual regions, and these phenomena make necessary the inclusion of regional structures in national higher education and technology policy. Analysis of Hungarian higher education shows that here too great changes have occurred since the changes of 1989–90. Alongside the mass expansion of higher education the Bologna-style course has been introduced, and new types of course (distance learning, e-learning) have been adopted. The demand for higher education services has been accompanied by a territorial reorganisation too. Although Budapest still maintains its leading role, the traditional provincial centers of higher education have seen their position strengthened.
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Die Rauminformatik, die noch sehr junge Wissenschaft der ortsgebundenen Informationen, gibt es erst seit etwa dreißig Jahren. In Ungarn erschien sie in den 1980er bis 1990er Jahren und stieß sehr bald auf das Interesse der Gesellschaftswissenschaften, somit auch auf das der Archäologie. Bedenkt man, daß der überwiegende Teil der mit archäologischen Methoden zu sammelnden Informationen ortsgebunden ist, ist daran nichts Sonderbares. Ilona Valter war die erste, die bei der Untersuchung der Siedlungsgeschichte des Bodrogköz unseren derzeitigen Begriffen gemäß Rauminformatik „betrieben”, eine Umgebungsrekonstruktion angefertigt hat. Zur Zeit laufen in Ungarn mehrere Versuche, die Rauminformatik in der Archäologie anzuwenden. Ich selbst habe den Versuch unternommen, die Ergebnisse einer konkreten Ausgrabung mit Methoden der Rauminformatik und einem sich ihnen eng anschließenden Datengewinnungsverfahren, der Entfernungswahrnehmung, aufzuarbeiten. Mit Hilfe der systemimmanenten Analysemöglichkeiten erhoffte ich eine bessere Auswertung der bereits aufgetauchten Funde und Objekte sowie eine genauere Bestimmung dessen, in welchen Richtungen künftig weiterzuforschen sei. Beim Beginn meiner Arbeit standen mir die Ausgrabungsergebnisse der Jahre 1992–95 sowie eine Luftaufnahme von 1990 zur Verfügung, die unsere Forschungen im Jahre 1995 determinierte. Der als Felsőzsolca-Várdomb registrierte Fundort liegt an der Straße Miskolc-Szerencs, 200 m westlich der Abzweigung nach Arnót (Abb. 1). Der Hügel wurde bei der Verlegung einer Gasleitung gestört. Danach führten wir eine Fundrettung in diesem Gebiet durch, die etwa 1000 m2 umfaßte. Dabei wurden Siedlungsobjekte aus fünf Epochen (Neolithikum, Bronzezeit, Kaiserzeit, Früh- und Spätawarenzeit) gefunden.
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The last communiqué summarising the radiocarbon dates of the Late Würm period, published in an archaeological periodical, reflected the situation of research one and a half decade ago. In the last two decades, apart from an increase in the absolute number of C14 dates, the interdisciplinary research of the period based on an ecological approach also yielded several important new results. The synoptical table summarises the results achieved on the field of various branches of science dealing with the period between the Interpleniglacial to the Late Glacial period, the life span of the Gravettian entity. On the time scale, the sites are presented according to traditional (non-calibrated) C14 BP dates. The Ságvár stage is a technical term used for a wider period extended over the temporal limits of the Ságvárian culture, determined by traditional archaeological methods. The eponym site for both names is the site Ságvár-Lukasdomb, the archaeological industry and the stratigraphy of the Palaeolithic settlement. The interpretation of the columns of the synoptical table is the following: Among the archaeological sites, the ones having a C14 date are underlined, the others are ordered temporarily on the basis of their cultural affiliation. In the column of sediment, the series of loess and fossil soil layers are marked using the traditional chronological classification and nomenclature applied for several decades.
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This study is the edited version of the inaugural lecture presented at the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 21st of March 2002 by Miklós Szabó. Its main objective is the presentation of processes unfolding as a result of the encounter of the Roman civilisation and the Celtic culture, based on the history and archaeological heritage of the Aeduan tribe of Central France. The analysis is based on, to a large extent, the evidences of the Mont-Beuvray European Archaeological project. The expedition of the Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest joined these excavations since 1988. The Hungarian investigations were directed at, in the beginning, the main road of the oppidum and resulted the unexpected observation that this important axis determining the structure of the town Bibracte originated in the period 120 to 80 B.C. At the same time, the archaeological material also testified that intensive trade relations between the Aeduan capital and the republican Rome preceded essentially the time of Caesar. As a direct consequence of these contacts, Central Gallia attained a stage of real monetary economy instead of the so-called tribal monetary system. The use of the Greek alphabet was spread simultaneously. The settlement history of the locality following the Roman conquest was enriched by the Hungarian excavations with data on the insula containing the “Large Forge”. During these works, the first public building of Bibracte was discovered in 2001, erected in all probability between 50 and 30 B.C. Finally, one of the most important conclusions of the study is separating the Romanisation phase of the urban development in Bibracte from that of the developments encountered during the period of the Celtic independence. This recognition is in good accordance with the view stating that urbanisation in the Celtic world was prepared by the economical changes originating from the Italo-Celtic environment in the 3rd century B.C., the acceleration of which could be influenced by new type contacts with the Hellenistic world.
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Die Studie berichtet von der Ausgrabung der Kirche des untergegangenen mittelalterlichen Dorfes Henye in der Gemarkung von Tamási im Kom. Tolna, östlich der Stadt, an der Hauptverkehrsstraße 61. Von der mittelalterlichen Geschichte der Siedlung wissen wir kaum mehr als über die ihren adeligen Beinamen nach dem Dorf erhaltende gemeinadelige Familie Henyei Tiburc, deren Mitglieder in der Beamtenschaft des Kom. Tolna vom Ende des 14. bis zum Anfang des 16. Jahrhunderts mehrfach auftauchen; die Kirchgemeinde des Dorfes erwähnt im Mittelalter einzig die Pápaer Zehntliste von 1332–35. Henye war mit kürzeren Unterbrechungen bis zum Ende der Türkenbesetzung bewohnt. Ein geringer Überrest seiner Kirche war am Anfang des 19. Jahrhunderts noch sichtbar. Die Verdichtung von im spätmittelalterlichen Fundmaterial an der Stelle der Siedlung vorkommenden Stücken, die als Ausnahmen in der Keramik der Umgebung gelten können (Boden eines kleinen Topfes aus weißem Material; dicker, grauer Topfrand aus Graphitmaterial; gegliederter Rand eines großen Topfes; zwei Ecken einer schalenförmigen Ofenkachel; zwei rotbemalte Krugfragmente), kann mit dem Gutszentrum der besagten Adelsfamilie in Zusammenhang gebracht werden. Ebenfalls als Seltenheit gilt eine 8,5 cm lange, aus Kupferblech gebogene spätmittelalterliche Buchspange und ein quadratisches Kupferblech mit gepreßter Verzierung, das ein Kleider-, Jungfernkranz- oder -gürtelschmuck sein konnte.
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Urban development represents a key element of the sustainable economic development in all the countries. The cities through concentration of the people, services and business are driven forces for competitiveness of the countries. More than 70% of the EU population lives in urban areas, urban areas generate more than 67% of EU GDP, cities are territories that focuses most jobs, most economic and higher education institutions can be found in these areas which also provides access to services and trade. But also, in urban areas - unemployment, social segregation, environmental or mobility (congestion) are emphasized. According to the 2007 report of UNFPA, entitled "Urbanization, urban expansion potential", the phenomenon of urbanization will be the most important factor influencing development in the 21st century. Apparently the Romanian cities are facing similar problems as the Western European cities: decay of inner urban space and deterioration in the social, economic, political and physical substance of the city. In spite of the apparent similarity in the forms of manifestation of these phenomena, their substance is different.After emerging the communism era, Romania had to tackle and overcome all sorts of disparities and to reconnect to current practices and policies developed in Western European countries.
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Bei einer Fundrettungsgrabung in der Bécsi út 62 wurden mehrere römische behauene Steindenkmäler gefunden (Abb. 1a; Abb. 1b.1), die in die erste Periode des Gräberfeldes, ins 2. Jahrhundert zu datieren sind. Das interessanteste von ihnen ist das Fragment einer Grabstele mit der Darstellung der lupa Capitolina. Das Fragment ist der untere Teil einer sehr großen Stele, der sich ursprünglich unter dem Inschriftenfeld befand (Abb. 2–3). Aus Aquincum ist eine genaue Parallele dieses Fragments bekannt: Das von Annamária Facsády publizierte Stück mit der gleichen Darstellung aus dem Gräberfeld Bécsi út folgt nicht nur demselben ikonographischen Typ, sondern ist aufgrund der Steinmetztechnik auch ein Werk derselben Hand. Mit Hilfe der intakteren Darstellung der erwähnten Grabstele ist nicht nur der abgebrochene Teil unseres Steines, sondern auch seine Originalbemalung mit völliger Sicherheit zu ergänzen. Die Gestalt auf der linken Seite der Komposition trägt tunika und sagum (Abb. 4.1). Der obere Teil der Gestalt ist abgebrochen, ursprünglich hielt sie einen Hirtenstab in der rechten Hand. Neben ihr ist der Rest des unteren Teils des Baumes zu sehen, dessen Äste sie auf der ursprünglichen Darstellung mit der Hand berührte.
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The present study focuses on the evaluation of the energy and environmental performance (EEP) of a typical multi-storey building in Tlemcen, Algeria. It aims to contribute to the development of Algeria’s thermal regulation by establishing a list of actions to be taken in short, medium and long term, in terms of thermal rehabilitation in existing housing areas as well as in new ones, in urban regions with a similar climate. An appropriate multi-criteria methodology is developed by determining its thermal performance using a static method as well as establishing a multi- objective strategy of EEP optimization. The assessment of: the potential of primary-energy-saving and that of the CO2-emissions’ reduction and indoor-environmental-quality of a real state of construction by simulation using DesignBuilder software, together with investment-cost are reported. Therefore, this study is conducted using the potential of parametric evaluation methodology to investigate the impact of passive energy-efficiency-measures on the building envelope from energy, environmental, economic and thermal-comfort points of view. Insulation and ventilation reduction are the main measures saving more than 75% of energy and 44% of CO2-emissions. Besides, the winter comfort is significantly improved. But from the economic standpoint, policy measures must be taken; namely tariffs reforms and energy control law enforcement.
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Roman forts can several times be dated only on the basis of the ground-plans of their gate-towers. This observation is true in the case of the forts in the Pannonian provinces as well. Here the earlier hypothesis that most of the Pannonian earth-timber castella were built into stone only after the Marcomannic wars on the basis of the gate-towers (projecting in the ratio 1/3:2/3 from the face of the fort wall) was confirmed by archaeological evidence in several places. In this paper we publish an earlier unknown gate type from Annamatia (Pannonia Inferior, Baracs) which was uncovered in the years 2000–2001.
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In Perjámos (heute Periam, Rum.) wurde 1885 ein Grab mit Beigaben aus der Völkerwanderungszeit gefunden, in dem sich auch zwei große Silberblechfibeln befanden, die für eine spezielle Gruppe der Frauenbestattungen des 5. Jahrhunderts typisch sind. Die Funde kamen noch in demselben Jahr ins Ungarische Nationalmuseum und wurden schon 1886 von Ferenc Pulszky, dem damaligen Direktor des Museums, im Archaeologiai Értesítő veröffentlicht (Abb. 1–2).1–2 Interessant an seiner Studie ist, daß er außer einer kurzen Beschreibung der Gegenstände vor allem über den parallelen Fund von Ilok detailliert berichtet. So hat er sich weder mit dem Fundort noch mit den Fundumständen beschäftigt. József Hampel hat in seinen monumentalen Werken von 1894 und 1905 den Perjámoser Fund etwas ausführlicher behandelt, 3 wir erfahren von ihm beispielsweise, daß es sich um Beigaben einer Skelettbestattung handelte. Die wissenschaftlichen Publikationen, die auf diese Fundgegenstände hinweisen, berufen sich bis heute auf Hampels Werk, so daß eine kritische Aufarbeitung des Perjámoser Grabes nötig wurde. Diese wurde durch die Berichte von der Auffindung bzw. die amtliche Korrespondenz über die Verbringung ins Museum gefördert, auf die ich im Historischen Datenarchiv des Ungarischen Nationalmuseums gestoßen bin. Damit stehen Briefe und Berichte mit zahlreichen wichtigen Angaben zur Verfügung, die bei den bisherigen Untersuchungen nicht berücksichtigt wurden. In einem Brief vom 2. Juni 1885 informierte der Vizegespan des Kom. Torontál, Béla Tallián, das Ungarische Nationalmuseum über die Funde von Perjámos, die am 21. Mai bei Erdarbeiten entdeckt wurden.
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Memory, History, Religion: Exploring Irish-Romanian Boundaries in Peter Hurley’s THE WAY OF THE CROSSES
This paper will look at the manner in which Romania is perceived by an Irishman, Peter Hurley, living here for twenty years, traveling on foot from Săpânța to Bucharest (26 days, 650 kilometers) and recounting it all in a book, The Way of the Crosses (2013). The title of Hurley’s book may have been inspired by a hybrid Irish-Romanian experience, signaled to the author by another Irishman, Shaun Davey, who, in 2009, composed music triggered by the “lyrics” of the epitaphs on the crosses in the Merry Cemetery of Săpânța, Romania. Traveling, being inspired by Romanian landscape and culture, with the background of the Irish writer’s “sense of place”, Hurley’s account is meant to reach audiences beyond the Romanian border and enable further interaction. The project of walking the way of the crosses and the writing about it, drawing maps and showing pictures fit in the Irish author’s preoccupations with bringing to the fore authentic traditional Romania. His travel writing becomes a means through which Romanian-Irish personal and collective memory are transmitted beyond boundaries, avoiding ideological perspectives, using elements such as Dacian pottery, Romanian ceramic production today and the story of the last family of potters in Maramureș. The translation of aspects of Romanian culture involves recalling legends, rituals, beliefs, stories, historical accounts, which are resituated in a transnational context (for instance, haystack making in Maramureș and the West of Ireland, Romanian children in popular costumes playing with plastic Chinese-made toy-guns, a Romanian peasant as the Last of the Mahicans). Hybridity also results from the author’s bilingualism (e.g. praying at a troiță in Romanian and translating the prayer into English in the book or keeping the Romanian words for “traistă”, “horincă”, “zacuscă”, “șindrile”).
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