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Martyrionul de la Halmyris, un șantier de restaurare întrerupt

Author(s): Elena Murariu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 10/2021

The paper tackles the main issues the author faced during the works of mural painting conservation-restoration from the crypt-martyrion of the Episcopal Basilica from Halmyris, ancient fortress located within the territory of Murighiol commune, Tulcea county. The historical context of the Halmirys fortress is specified, this being the last bastion of the Danubian limes of the Roman Empire in the North-Eastern extremity of the Moesia Inferior and Scythia Minor provinces, the Episcopal Basilica from the fortress sheltering the relics of the saints Epictet and Astion. The paper presents the most important aspects regarding: condition assessment for the protective shelter of the basilica and the crypt, murals execution technique, pictorial decoration of the tomb, murals condition assessment and the causes of degradation, difficulties encountered during the works of mural painting conservation-restoration, as well as the cause and consequences of the worksite interruption.

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Patrimoniul arhitectural din Zonele Construite Protejate ale Bucureștiului, între protecție și ignoranță

Author(s): Raluca-Maria Trifa / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 10/2021

For more than three decades, the built heritage of Bucharest’ historical areas is in an advanced state of degradation, being constantly threatened by abandonment, mutilation and abusive demolition. Moreover, contemporary interventions in the protected areas of Romania’s capital city seem to elude the legislation regarding the protection of built heritage and the urban planning regulations, generating fundamental transformations in the structure of the urban fabric, but also the loss of cultural identity. For the moment, the critical situation of the architectural heritage of Bucharest does not seem to have a solution, despite the numerous alarm signals made by a series of organizations concerned with its fate. This paper tries to provide a series of answers regarding the wide spread phenomenon of Bucharest’s cityscape degradation, but also possible solutions for the coherent development of these urban areas.

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Icoanele împărătești din catapeteasma bisericii schitului Berislăvești - studiu de caz

Author(s): Anca Necșoi / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 10/2021

This article presents the conservation - restoration interventions of the royal icons from the iconostasis of the church of the Berislăvești Monastery, dated in the 19th century. The four icons are part of the Westernizing current of the era and are made in the oil technique, presenting a good technique, both of the support and of the pictorial layer.A good technical execution is generally the premise of good preservation over time. In this case, being used as objects of worship, and not having been properly protected, the icons presented deteriorations typical of this category of objects and the traces of aggressive, unqualified interventions, which have majorly contributed to the appearance of irreversible degradations.Thus, some objects that had the chance of a good preservation in time and would have required only minimal interventions focused more on preventive preservation, have now gone through an extensive restoration process, with a high degree of difficulty in terms of selective interventions to clean the overpaint, the materials that accidentally reached the surface and the different types of deposits.

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Sapindus mukorossi, alternativă la Saponaria officinalis ca agent de curăţare a textilelor istorice

Author(s): Irina Marangic,Irina Huică / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 10/2021

Wet cleaning plays an important role in historic textiles conservation. In line with a growing concern for environmental protection, natural surfactants (such as Saponaria officinalis root extract) are increasingly used for this operation. A readily available organic surfactant is soap nut extract (Sapindus Mukorossi), but it produces a brownish color solution. The aim of this study was mainly to evaluate the safety (in terms of color retention) of the use of soap nut extract as a cleaning agent for textiles versus Saponaria officinalis root extract, and secondly, to apply the cleaning methodology to a historical piece. Different types of white fabrics - cotton, linen, wool, silk, viscose were washed with the two plant extracts in 5 and 10% concentration, with and without subsequent rinsing with water. The degree of color retention on textile samples before and after treatments was evaluated using the NS820 Portable Spectrophotometer. In most cases, the color retention was lower (and well within the acceptance limits) for soap nut extract as compared with Saponaria extract; greater differences were recorded for wool samples and the limits were exceeded when washed with the concentrated solution of Saponaria, without subsequent rinsing.

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Ugunskrusts Latvijā strīdīga kultūras mantojuma kontekstā

Author(s): Digne Ūdre / Language(s): Latvian Issue: 38/2018

Latvian ornament, graphic symbol – a cross with bent ends rotating in one or another direction – most often is referred to as a firecross. The diverse use of the symbol all through out the centuries has ensured a lasting place in the cultural space of Latvia, and within the last decade a firecross can be seen in public more often. However, its use has often led to conflict situations and has given rise to heated discussions. One of the most often proposed arguments for its defence is reference to the firecross as a truly Latvian cultural heritage. In simplified understanding cultural heritage is seen as an undoubtedly positive value. From this perspective, a firecross should not be viewed as a cultural heritage, because there are communities and societies, especially in an international context, which, given the connection of the symbol with Nazism, do not accept the symbol and stand against it. In the article the firecross has been analysed using the concept “contested heritage”. The author has examined the assumption that a firecross is a Latvian cultural heritage. This opinion voiced so often nowadays was most actively expressed and strengthened in the 1920s–1930s. However, before the Second World War controversial aspects in relation to the firecross emerged. Several problems were identified – the use of a firecross in Latvian military aviation and in organisations related to active movement of nationalism, as well as its religious interpretations. Consequently, it can be argued that in Latvia the history of nearly one century ensures an opportunity to follow the debates, conflict situations and attempts to explain, defend and provide arguments for the use of this controversial cultural heritage.

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Limite și legitimitate în restaurarea patrimoniului distrus Biserica „Adormirea Maicii Domnului” din Ocnele Mari

Author(s): Laura Hangiu,Ioana Olteanu,Maria Dumbrăvician / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 11/2022

After more than half a century since the first accounts concerning its advanced state of decay, the Church of the Dormition of the Holy Mother of God in Ocnele Mari was recently subjected to a complex restoration process which included its consolidation and volumetric restoration, but also the conservation-restoration of its artistic components. These measures had as purpose the recovery of the destroyed cultural heritage and the church’s return to cultural tourism. Having been affected structurally by the earthquakes of 1940 and 1977 and having been exposed for a long time to various external factors of degradation, the church became a ruin on the point of collapse. Initiated in 2017 and accomplished in 2020, the consolidation-restoration project had as objective not only the restoration and conservation of the original materials and paintings, but also a larger intervention of recovering the church’s architectural form. However, as any reconstruction of a ruined monument, this intervention can be regarded either as the sole means to rescue the church or, from the perspective of conservation, as the impairing of a monument’s authenticity which – through a careful consolidation and conservation – could very well exist in a ruined form. Despite all this, when the restoration becomes excessive and has as purpose to bring the ruins to their previous form (that is, the one preceding its decay), one is faced with the increasing danger of losing the monument’s authentic character.

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Cercetarea stratigrafică, un demers între recuperarea autenticităţii și conservarea intervenţiilor istorice Statuile Domului Romano-Catolic din Timișoara

Author(s): Andreea Darida / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 11/2022

The following paper encases a short presentation of the conservation research regarding the overlayers of gilded polychrome statues, from the altars of the Roman-Catholic Dome in Timișoara. In the context of the recent conservation-restoration project for the rehabilitation of the Dome, the subject of this paper shows the challenges faced during the conservation and restoration works of the gilded sculptural ensembles. The human-size sculptures were covered over time with many gilded layers. The first phase of the research focused on the identification of the numbers of layers overlapping the original one, but the state of the conservation of the objects and also the principles guiding the preliminary research, didn’t provide much insight on the stratigraphy of the gilded polychromy. Thus, the preliminary results were insufficient. During the actual conservation interventions, extensive research was done, after eliminating the visible improper gilded layers, and showed a more complex structure. The challenge was to identify a correct method for the preservation of the historical interventions and finding a convenient and coherent method of aesthetical presentation of the gilded statues.

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Deteriorări ale pigmenților din cadrul ansamblurilor murale de la Mănăstirea Hurezi, județul Vâlcea

Author(s): Oana Cristina Gorea,Dumitru Gorea / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 11/2022

This paper surveys the causes of alteration of those mineral pigments used in the fresco mural painting of the architectural ensemble of Hurezi Monastery. The conservation-restoration works undertaken throughout the last 30 years and the physical-chemical analyses made during their implementing revealed that the level of pigment alteration depended greatly on the area’s microclimate specificity. The results at Hurezi Monastery allowed thus to establish a direct analogy with similar research on pigment alteration conditions undertaken by authors of various countries.

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Church Woodcarving by Ivan Filipov in Sofia in the Late 19th and Early 20th Century

Author(s): Darina Boykina / Language(s): English Issue: 12/2022

This paper aims to systematize the data on the life and work of the Debar carver Ivan Filipov. It contains a critical review of the relevant literature and presents the woodcarvings, identified so far as his works, that he created for churches in Sofia. New written sources on the production of the Filipovtsi carvers’ family from the village of Osoy (North Macedonia) are introduced into scientific circulation.

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The Creative Remediation and Promotional Use of Photographic Modes in Digital Games

Author(s): Lukasz Pawel Wojciechowski,Amiee J. Shelton / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

From photoblogs to mobile phone cameras, digital technology is rapidly and fundamentally changing the cultural practice of photographic representation. Across games and gaming communities, the aesthetics of screenshots and the aesthetics of photographs are increasingly intertwined. The latest photographic modes in digital games mimic real photographs by incorporating controls that are found in physical cameras and allow for great creativity, yet yield some limits and potential issues. The aim of this explorative study is to describe the creative potential of the specific functionality of photo modes in digital games, the intent and development of the tool, promotional uses, and the limits of the emerging art form of virtual photography.

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Nulltopia: Of Disjunct Space

Author(s): Matthew Horrigan / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

Nulltopia is disjunction in space, the non-space between one space and another. Such disjunction becomes important in the ontology of imaginary worlds, whose thresholds are not fully traversable. Some knowledge and some exigencies transfer across the boundaries of an image, but some do not, remaining asymmetrically bound, extant only on one side – potentiating scenarios like starving while eating Minecraft cookies. This theoretical study presents an exercise in the metaphysics of digital games, defining nulltopia in reference to dreams, the theatrical proscenium, vehicle windows, video screens, loud-speakers, and interactive consoles; and contextualizing nulltopia relative to immersion. Developing from a syncretic combination of movement and depiction, the video screen extends a technology of imagination that already existed in component forms. Partially separating slow reality from fast imaginary, nulltopia affords both discourse and addiction to the ‘etiolated actual’, in contrast to an imagined, perfectly immersive, ‘society without screens’, the bounds of whose world become imperceptible.

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GIOTTO DI BONDONE, GIORGIO DE CHIRICO VE ALBERTO GIACOMETTI’NİN ESERLERİNDE PERSPEKTİF VE PERSPEKTİFİN HERMENÖTİK YAPISI

Author(s): Ayşe Önuçak / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 94/2022

Giotto di Bondone (1267- 1337), Giorgio de Chirico (1888-1978), Alberto Giacometti’s (1901- 1966) art works analyzed in terms of symbolical value and construction of semantics through perspective and standpoint. The main proposal of the article is, the framer impact of perspective as a conceptual abstraction method and metaphysical manner in between the ontological relation of subject and object in Trecento period and Modern Era. Perspective manner is handled as a linguistic form, which serves constructing the impact and semiological meaning correspondingly to the philosophical, ecclesiastic and intellectual dynamics of the era, rather than positioning objects in space plane due to specific physical and retinal proportions. On this context perspective has an emphasis that shapes the semiotic form of the artwork from within the approaches of eras and artists to the physical world. Therefore perspective has been considered for its hermeneutic structure that provide linguistic a basis. The approach to the artists is in the terms of perspective manners in their artworks, in which perspective is discussed from the viewpoint of metaphysical values and the conceptual way instead of the formation of the physical objects. Perspective construction has been analyzed through a semiologic manner by considering the sociological, intellectual structure of the era, rather than the formalist tendencies in art history.

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The art of disobedience

Author(s): Luca Bertoldi / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2021

The following text intends to reflect on the existence of a paradigm of conflict or disobedience in artistic research practices that confront formal or informal education. The aim is to trace one of the possible directions of what artistic research today can represent for the scientific and social world. The study does not intend to propose a specific didactic method or disciplinary paradigm but rather to open up different artistic methodological possibilities that favour the contradictory moment of solid emancipatory value. In this respect, today's artistic practices engaged in dialogue with scientific research can be bearers of instances of doubt and the production of critical, collective and contextualised knowledge. I will approach historical experiences of the relationship between artistic research and education from an emancipatory and contingent point of view through the texts of their activators, namely Augusto Boal, Asger Jorn and Joseph Beuys. In the second part of the study, two recent curatorial research projects convey dissident knowledge, such as the Disobedience Archive by Marco Scotini and Radical Pedagogies by Beatriz Colomina. In both of these, the focus will be on how this knowledge is constructed and transmitted.

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Fighting for Souls

Author(s): Kim Diaz Holm / Language(s): English Issue: 9/2022

Nothing comes free. Social media can be seen as a liberating force for artists, allowing us to get an equal footing with megacorporations and super franchises in the fight for attention. I certainly felt that impact. For a while. It started with Covid. On the 12th of March 2020 the Norwegian government announced schools and workplaces would be shut down for two weeks due to Covid. On the 15th of March I got a message from an old friend on Facebook, Tarjei A. Heggernes, a strategy professor at a local business school.

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ДА ПРАВИШ ФОТОГРАФИЯ КАТО ПРЕЗ XIX ВЕК – ЦИАНОТИПИЯ

Author(s): Silvio Tomov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 21/2022

The text describes cyanotype, invented by Sir John Frederick William Herschel. It’s part of the so called noble photographic processes which create one of a kind copies. An image can be produced by exposing sensitized paper to a source of ultraviolet light (such as sunlight) as a contact print. Engineers used the process well into the 20th century as a simple and low-cost process to produce copies of drawings, referred to as blueprints. The process uses two chemicals: ferric ammonium citrate and potassium ferricyanide. The article is about the development of this process worldwide and its history in Bulgaria. Artists like Georgi Stoyanov Georgiev and Veneta Zaharieva are mentioned. The author is making cyanotypes and it will become an Educational program of History museum Samokov.

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Educational Needs of Visual Arts Teachers regarding the Use of Museums in Line with the Out-of-School Education Approach

Author(s): Didem Islek / Language(s): English Issue: 79/2022

This research aims to examine the educational needs of visual arts teachers for the use of museums in line with the out-of-school approach to education in terms of learning status and professional seniority variables. The research was carried out using a scanning model from quantitative methods. Visual arts teachers (n=140) make up the universe of research. The results obtained from the researcher that the educational needs of teachers in terms of learning status variable; organizing pre-implementation activities, teaching strategy, using methods and techniques, communicating effectively, ensuring personal and social development and post-implementation activities has shown that it does not differ in regulatory dimensions. However, it has also been found that the educational needs of teachers differ in the way they regulate the educational environment. However, visual arts teachers' educational needs regarding the out-of-school education approach are regulated according to the professional seniority variable, regulating the environment, teaching strategy, using methods and techniques, communicating effectively, ensuringpersonal and social development and post-implementation it has been determined that it does not differ in the dimensions of organizing activities. However, when the opinions of teachers on all dimensions were examined, it was understood that teachers with professional seniority of 16 years or more had a lower degree of need for the approach. This result indicates that teachers in this group have more knowledge of the approach. However, it was found that teachers who needed more education than other teachers had professional seniority between 6-10 years.

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TÜRK AİLE DEĞERLERİNİN GELECEK KUŞAKLARA AKTARILMASINDA DERS KİTAPLARINDAKİ GÖRSELLERİN ROLÜ

Author(s): Sebile Yılmaz,Levent Mercin / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 1/2022

Every society has a cultural and social way of life. “Values” have an important place in this way of life. Values of a society may be culturally specific to that society or may include universal elements. Because value or values cover a very wide area such as philosophy and social sciences. Values are facts that an individual should learn at a very young age and transform into behavior. This situation refers to a process that starts in the family and continues at school. The family is one of the most important building blocks in the formation of the lifestyles and values of societies. However, in order for the values given in the family to be sustainable, school-age children should repeat these values at school. School-age children can take values as an example from their environment, as well as acquire these values with academic information and visuals in textbooks. Children can identify spiritually and perceptually by being influenced by the texts they read in the books and the visuals they see. Therefore, textbooks are not prepared like any other book. Therefore, while preparing textbooks, it is expected to consider the effect that the book may have on children. Visuals play an important role among the considerations. However, it is seen as a need to investigate the frequency of using values in the visuals in the current textbooks, the level of expressing the texts in the book visuals and whether the visuals are aesthetic in the context of artistic concerns. Therefore, in this research, the role of visuals in textbooks in transferring Turkish family values to future generations is emphasized. In this context, especially the visuals in the textbooks were examined and analyzed both in terms of expression and aesthetics. The research was limited to the 5th grade Turkish, Social Studies and Science books. The following conclusion was reached in the research, which was carried out using descriptive methods such as scanning model and work analysis technique: It was understood that some of the visuals in the books were insufficient to express the subject, and some of them were insufficient in terms of the aesthetic quality of the visuals. However, the visuals in the 5th Grade Turkish Textbook were found to be more adequate than the other books.

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QADAR/SINA´AT – KARAKTERIZACIJA NEKIH SUŠTINSKIH OKCIDENTALNOVESTERNIZIRANIH POGLEDA NA TRADICIONALNI ISLAMSKI KREATIVNI IZRAZ

Author(s): Mehmed A. Akšamija / Language(s): Bosnian,English Issue: 1/2022

The intention of this analysis is to continue the discussion (from the previous issuees) of some parts of the history of what is declared or titled „Islamic art”, within the critical and theoretical framework of both OccidentalWestern and (some) Muslim perspectives. The analysis and establishments of limits in line with the prevailing authorities will contribute to the vital modalities of qadar/ṣināʿat discourse which are resolutely Islamic and in line with their source (ar. al-marjaʿ or al-maṣdar). Particular attention is drawn to advocating differences, due to Occidental-westernized academic efforts to ignore the spirit of unity and the self-reflective Islamic constants of qadar/ṣināʿat discourses and impose the artificial dichotomy of the sacral and profane, and due to paradigmatic views on the evaluation of the aestheticized achievement of the originator/designer of representation, (i.e. homo islamicus) as absolute western ownership. Finally, it should be noted that the Occidental-westernized manner of academic thinking in this area, and of any other theories applied within the borders of index order and taxonomy, including the concept of current globalization, also represent systematic patterns of authority, control and evaluation, and thus exclusion of others. However, such a form of imposing a linear or cyclic way of interpretation still faces very real challenges typical of writing a global “history of art” and the complete absence of understanding other and different forms of creative expression.

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Toksyczne przedmieścia. Radioaktywne dziedzictwo St. Louis w soczewce projektów Allany Ross

Author(s): Magdalena Krzosek-Hołody / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2022

The article follows the radioactive history of St. Louis featured in the works of the artist and activist Allana Ross. Her artistic practice presents an interesting, interdisciplinary approach to the social and environmental problems connected to the radioactive contamination of the city. The aforementioned contamination (apart from the workers directly involved in the processing of the uranium ore) affected mainly the lower middle-class families living in the outskirts.From the early 1940s until the late 1960s St. Louis based chemical company Mallinckrodt was the major manufacturer of uranium utilized in the Manhattan Project and later on in the development of the American national atomic energy programme. As the result of the negligence of many social and political actors, the radioactive waste produced by Mallinckrodt spread over the city’s suburbs contaminating air, soil and water. These facts, however, were not publicly known for many years. Just recently they received the publicity that they demanded. Even though the radioactive contamination of St. Louis dates back to the 1940s, the affected areas had not been taken care of till the late 1980s, when the city was included into FUSRAP and Superfund programmes, which were established by the U.S. government to “clean the radioactive mess”left recklessly in the American landscape some decades ago.The author of the article adopts the notion of negative heritage introduced by Lynn Meskell (2002) to interpret the significance of the radioactive contamination of the region and contextualize the works of Ross. The artist herself understands her projects, which may as well fall into the recently established category of artivism, as adaptive strategies for the slowly approaching environmental catastrophe. In a more general sense Ross calls out not only for the redefinition of St. Louis negative radioactive heritage, but also for the new culture of nature and new modes of human –environment relations.

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From Wastelands to Homelands: Travelling Maria Mazziotti Gillan’s ‘Open Road’ and Signifying Resistance in When the Stars Were Still Visible

Author(s): Elisabetta Marino / Language(s): English Issue: 27/2022

Maria Mazziotti Gillan is probably one of the most famous and thought-provoking contemporary artists of Italian descent. She is the author of numerous poetry books and has recently started a parallel career as a painter. By focusing on her most recent poetry collection entitled When the Stars Were Still Visible (2021), this essay sets out to explore the strategies she has articulated to heal her individual and collective wounds (as an Italian American), while resisting the annihilation of her cultural background. Throughout her life, she has been compelled to cross several emotional wastelands, eventually managing to carve her own path to multiple places (both physical and imaginary) she could call “home”.

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