Niebezpieczne marzenie

Slavoj Žižek o równaniu kryzysu f nansowego z kryzysem kapitalizmu

Author(s): Magdalena Radomska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 01/2014

The article focuses on a comparative analysis of the post-Marxist discourse that has arisen as a result of the financial crisis, especially as formulated by Slavoj Žižek. Žižek’s book "The Year of Dreaming Dangerously" is – next to the "Communist Hypothesis" by Alain Badiou and "Declaration" by Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri – one of the most important attempts to analyze both political events in 2011 and the relationship between the crisis and revolutionary events around the world. A comparison of book and movie "The Pervert’s Guide to Ideologies indicates" that the conceptual structures that Žižek coined in his earlier books, which he used to analyze what Marx described as the consequences of “the cultural contradictions of capitalism”. Seen through the prism of film images and approached through the categories of post-Marxist psychoanalysis, the current crisis is identified with the crisis of capitalism. This appears as a criticism aimed at a “crisogenic” European Union, the inconsistencies of the Occupy Wall Street movement, and the crisis of the Afghan left, and finally becomes a search for a category in which to describe it, and which – from the perspective of Žižek, Badiou, Hardt and Negri – is subject to significant shifts.

Po sledeh postsocialističnega prestrukturiranja mest: spreminjajoča se središča v srednje- in vzhodnoevropskih prestolnicah

Author(s): Janez Koželj,Jasna Mariotti / Language(s): Slovenian Issue: 1/2016

Hitre politične in gospodarske spremembe po padcu socializma so povzročile dinamične procese urbanega prestrukturiranja v mestih, pri čemer so stare vzorce in modele rasti zamenjali tisti, pri katerih sta bila kapital in tržno gospodarstvo ključna za rast in razvoj. Preobrazba v tržno gospodarstvo in ponovna uvedba lastništva zemljišč sta zahtevali nov, decentralizirani sistem odločanja, kar je neposredno vplivalo na zgradbo in obliko mest. Med urbanimi preobrazbami so prišle jasno do izraza spremembe v lokacijskih vzorcih trgovskih objektov v mestih, ki so ponazarjale različne vzorce prostorske organizacije postsocialističnih mest. V članku avtorja preučujeta in predstavita nekatere posebnosti te preobrazbe v Bukarešti, Budimpešti, Pragi in Sofiji pred padcem socializma in po njem. Na podlagi analize izbranih mest predstavita procese postsocialističnega prostorskega prestrukturiranja, pri čemer preučujeta spremembe njihovih središč, ki so povzročile razdrobljenost mest in razpadanje urbanega tkiva. V primerjalni študiji je poleg tega prikazano, kako se v mestih s podobno preteklostjo lahko pojavijo različni razvojni vzorci.

Tracing post-communist urban restructuring: Changing centralities in central and eastern European capitals

Author(s): Janez Koželj,Jasna Mariotti / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2016

Rapid political and economic changes after the collapse of communism led to dynamic processes of urban restructuring in cities, replacing old patterns and models of growth with ones in which capital and the market economy were central to growth and development. The transformation towards a market economy and the reintroduction of land ownership required the establishment of a new and decentralised decision-making system, with direct consequences for cities’ structure and form. As part of these urban transformations, there were clear changes in location patterns of retail structures in cities, illustrating diverse patterns of post-communist cities’ spatial organisation. This article explores and provides insight into some special features of this transformation, both before and after the collapse of communism, in Bucharest, Budapest, Prague and Sofia. Examining these cities offers an overview of post-communist spatial restructuring processes and explores their changing centralities, which ultimately led to fragmented cities and disintegrated urban fabric. This comparative study also outlines how different development patterns can arise in cities that shared a similar past.

Jaką teorią jest Marksowska teoria wartości opartej na pracy?

Author(s): Krzysztof Nowak-Posadzy / Language(s): Polish Issue: 15/2015

The so-called labour theory of value (LTV), once the pride of the whole Marxist political economy, over the years became the subject of its embarrassment. Its rejection within the leftist tradition, both by some philosophers as well as economists, is a part of a broader phenomenon called a “crisis of Marxism”. In result, a philosophically oriented part of Marxist theory, trying to free Marxism from defects of “economism”, also cutting it off from the benefits that may flow from the adoption of theoretical economics perspective. While some economic Marxists, in order to free the Marxist political economy from the shortcomings inherent in LTV also cut it off from the special status attributed to the notion of labour. Although later, LTV get acquitted from the charge of alleged logical contradiction, it was only in order to condemn it for oblivion for its alleged redundancy. In this article we will discuss the specifics of the Marxian version of LTV. The introduction gives four qualitative assumptions which, according to the author, determine the character of the Marxian version of the LTV. The first part outlines place that LTV holds in the history of economic thought. The second part focuses on the fate of the Marxian version of the LTV under the very Marxist tradition. The third part discusses the problem of value and its measurement. The fourth part is devoted to the analysis of the problem of labour and selection of the unit of its measurement, as well as tries to reconstruct Marx's theory of reproduction of employees through labour. The fifth part deals with the question of how to interpret a modern methodological status of the Marxian version of LTV. The article ends with a conclusion.

Homeownership in Slovenia: Searching for an alternative theory on its excessive growth

Author(s): Richard Sendi / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2017

Recent studies generally show growing levels of homeownership across Europe. However, a comparison of statistical data shows a stark difference in the extent of homeownership between western Europe versus central and eastern Europe. Whereas the development and growth of homeownership in western Europe has been extensively discussed in the literature and various theories have been advanced, its strong dominance in central and eastern Europe has been barely examined. Due to the lack of thorough discourse on this topic, there thus continues to be a void in the literature, which is manifested in the absence of a sound explanation for the comparatively much higher expansion of homeownership in post-communist central and eastern Europe. This article contributes to filling this gap. The central argument is that theories that were developed to explain the growth of homeownership in western Europe (economies with a capitalist tradition) might not necessarily apply to situations in central and eastern Europe (with previous communist centrally planned economies). Focusing on the case of Slovenia, the discussion is orientated towards developing an alternative theory that may be more relevant in explaining and understanding the growing preference for homeownership in the country.

Lastništvo stanovanj v Sloveniji: iskanje alternativne teorije o njegovi čezmerni rasti

Author(s): Richard Sendi / Language(s): Slovenian Issue: 1/2017

Recent studies generally show growing levels of homeownership across Europe. However, a comparison of statistical data shows a stark difference in the extent of homeownership between western Europe versus central and eastern Europe. Whereas the development and growth of homeownership in western Europe has been extensively discussed in the literature and various theories have been advanced, its strong dominance in central and eastern Europe has been barely examined. Due to the lack of thorough discourse on this topic, there thus continues to be a void in the literature, which is manifested in the absence of a sound explanation for the comparatively much higher expansion of homeownership in post-communist central and eastern Europe. This article contributes to filling this gap. The central argument is that theories that were developed to explain the growth of homeownership in western Europe (economies with a capitalist tradition) might not necessarily apply to situations in central and eastern Europe (with previous communist centrally planned economies). Focusing on the case of Slovenia, the discussion is orientated towards developing an alternative theory that may be more relevant in explaining and understanding the growing preference for homeownership in the country.

Financing of non−governmental organizations from public funds

Author(s): Halina Łapińska / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2017

The third sector consists of social, private and non-profit organizations. Most of non- governmental organizations carry out socially useful tasks. Those organizations have different organizational and legal forms and different scopes and ways of activities. The aim of the paper is to show different sources of financing of NGOs` activities.

Passenger Traffic (in Yugoslavia 1963)

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): English Issue: 12/1963

In the ten-year period 1952— 1961, passenger traffic in Yugoslavia developed under favourable conditions. The number of passengers carried in public internal and international transport rose from 126 to 310 millions and the total distance travelled from 5,440 to 13,500 million passenger/kilometres. The capacity of public transport facilities rose from 257,000 passengers in 1954 to 388,000 in 1961. The average annual growth rates in the period 1952 — 1961 were as follows: volume of traffic 10.6 per cent, passenger capacity 6.2 per cent. The slower growth of the capacity of transport facilities under the same service conditions, i. e. the same average distances travelled, the same speed and the same composition of the means of transport, shows an increase in the level of utilization but also a steady decrease in comfort. However, in that period the average speed of travel was increased and the composition of the means of transport improved and consequently also the quality of transport. Communications have been substantially improved by the building and modernization of roads, railway lines, airports and of various facilities along communication lines. This has resulted in faster travel and in more economic operation of transport enterprises.

Costs of Wheat Production on Socialist Farms

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): English Issue: 12/1963

During the last four years socialist estates have recorded notable results in arable farming. Average yields of basic arable crops on socialist farms are considerably above the national average. The proportion of these farms in market production is rapidly growing and in some crops has already become predominant in absolute terms. This great success is mainly due to the use of modern agricultural techniques and the introduction of new varieties of crops, first on trial plots and then on all arable areas. However, the rise in production on socialist farms has not been sufficiently backed by adequate measures concerning certain economic aspects — profitability and economy of production — although in view of the substantial investments provided by the community for the intensification of agriculture, and the large sums spent on arable farming by agricultural organizations, these problems demand serious attention.

Production and Processing of Sour Cherries (in Yugoslavia of early 1960s)

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): English Issue: 12/1963

Conditions in Yugoslavia are very good for sour cherry cultivation, particularly the much sought-after marasca variety (which has an excellent habitat in Dalmatia). As a result of the expansion of industrial fruit processing during the last few years, particularly since 1956, sour cherries have become an exceptionally appreciated and sought-after raw material for the production of juices the well-known maraschino liqueur and other products, all of which has contributed to a considerable increase in sour cherry cultivation. In the 1952—1961 period, in total output of sour cherries and “marellas” Yugoslavia was on an average fifth in the world (after the United States, the Federal German Republic, the German Democratic Republic and Poland), and fourth in Europe.

General Economic Indices (Yugoslavia, Dec. 1963)

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): English Issue: 12/1963

Economic Policy and Economic Trends in 1998 (in Yugoslavia)

Author(s): Miroslav Filipović / Language(s): English Issue: 01+02/1999

In the last few decades, Yugoslavia was developing a market-oriented centrally planned economy. Economic agents were often independently making decisions. Steps were taken at the beginning of this decade towards speeding up the conduct of market-oriented reforms of the system, including privatisation, which Yugoslavia had begun before any other country in transition. However, by the action of non-economic factors - the disintegration of the single market of the former Yugoslavia and the international community’s all-inclusive sanctions against Yugoslavia in the first place - the output and gross domestic product got more than halved and the formation and distribution of social product were disrupted substantially. The conduct of structural reforms was almost arrested. At the end of the hyperinflation year 1993, the social product was 56% less than that registered in 1989, and the per capita social product decreased from about US$ 3,000 to US$ 1,100, which corresponds to that registered in 1969. The unemployment rate reached 25%, while several hundred thousand workers were made redundant. The long-lived hyperinflation that reached its peak in January 1994 produced a destructive effect on the national monetary system.

A munka kettős jellege és az árutermelő munka kettős jellege

Author(s): Zsigmond Tasy / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 2/1987

A theory of economic cycles

Author(s): Imre Dobos,István Ábel / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2018

The theory of economic motion was András Bródy’s main interest. This paper presents a simplifi ed framework of Bródy’s economics. His multi-sector production and price theory is based on the Marxian theory of value reinterpreted by using measurement considerations. Economic motion in this framework is driven by technology represented by the internal proportions of production, not by external shocks. Prices and proportions jointly determine the economic structure and its motion (duality of prices and volumes). We derive the laws of motion of production and use of goods (consumption and accumulation) based on technological accounting balances. These laws determine a cyclical pattern. Using numerical examples we demonstrate how external changes in technology and valuations are propagated in changing the cyclical pattern of motion

A 'jóléti' világgazdaság

Author(s): László Andor / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 3/1989

Kollektivizálás a Szovjetunióban

Author(s): Sándor Bozsik / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 3/1989

Защо има толкова много марксизми?

Author(s): Vasil Prodanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5/2018

The article seeks to answer the question why, from the last decades of the nineteenth century up to now there are so many different types of Marxism claiming to be the most appropriate expression of Marx‘s ideas. The various approaches to the issue of many Marxisms are analyzed; the reasons for this diversity; whether there is any "hard core" valid for all types of Marxism; how can the main types of Marxism be distinguished.

Марксистки обяснения за възхода на съвременната олигархия

Author(s): Ivka Tsakova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5/2018

The ideas of Karl Marx experience a renaissance in the contemporary world of neoliberal global capitalism. The thesis of the state as a "weapon of class dominance" is especially current in the process of oligarchization of politics under the mask of liberal democracy. We try to explain the rise of the contemporary oligarchy with the methodology of Marxism (Neomarxism). The content is structured around three statements: a) The oligarchs are treated as a class; b) Oligarchy is legitimized with ideology; c) Current capital accumulation has reached unprecedented concentration in the hands of the few. The conclusion draws paths for anti-oligarchic resistance.

Analysis of the Law of Falling Rate of Profit: European Case

Author(s): Víctor M. Fernández-Aguilera,Ignacio Amate-Fortes,Almudena Guarnido-Rueda / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

This work aims to analyse the existence or non-existence of a decreasing rate of profitin Europe and determine the factors influencing it according to the Marxist theory of profitability. To do so, a panel data model was estimated for seven European countriesover more than 60 years (from 1960 to 2021, inclusive). The results obtained allow usto verify the tendency for profitability to fall, which could lead the capitalist system to fail.

ЕКОНОМСКИ (И HE CAMO ЕКОНОМСКИ) ТЕОРЕТИЧАР ВЕЛИКОГ ФОРМАТА

Author(s): Dragutin V. Marsenić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 5-6/1991

The author analyzes the contribution of Ivan Maksimovié to the elaboration of the theory of socialist society in Yugoslavia. Maksimovié is one of the most prominent economic and legal theoreticians and the protagonist of that type of society. His particular achievements relate to two areas. He has effected the defence and further development of the concept of social ownership, while at the same time being a persistent pleader of commodity production in socialism. The issue is still open of historical evaluation of these two orientations, but there is no doubt that Ivan Maksimovié had to dedicate the major part of his work to the defence of these ideas against the criticism of dogmatic socialist theory. As a consistent marxist, Maksimovié also took into consideration in an appropriate way the changes in the bourgeois world. He is not among the ones who did not have sufficient knowledge of bourgeois economic thought or who disregarded its results. In such a way he has opened the space for others to free themselves form the theoretical canons and methodological restraints of the official marxism.