Transformacja energetyczna na obszarze Trójmorza w latach 1988–2018
Authors presents a short story of the energetic changes and backgrounds of the change in the region which became later a “Trimarium”.
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Authors presents a short story of the energetic changes and backgrounds of the change in the region which became later a “Trimarium”.
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Author coments on German state hypocrisy in the issue of German-Russian Relations
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At the present time, national economies encounter many challenges by the reason of the increasing amount of construction and demolition waste. Recycling activities of construction and demolition wastes have been anticipated to play an important role in the circular economies. Parallel to this, the recycling of construction and demolition wastes directly affects the competitiveness of countries. This study objectives to evaluate the performances of the enterprises which carry out recycling activities of the construction and demolition wastes. The criteria which are used in the evaluation of the enterprises’ performances are specified with an elaborative literature search. Enterprises which are executer of the recycling activities of construction and demolition wastes form the alternatives of the study. Step-Wise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis (SWARA) is used to weight the determined criteria. In the wake of the weighting of the criteria, performances of the enterprises, which executer of the recycling activities of construction and demolition wastes were evaluated by way of Evaluation Based on Distance from Average Solution (EDAS). Based on the consequences of the study, the most weighty criterion from the point of recycling of the construction and demolition wastes was specified to the sustainability. The study also indicates that the environmental effects and the transportation of construction and demolition wastes are specified as the other important criteria, respectively. As to EDAS method, consequences show that the Alternative 5 is the best firm in terms of recycling of the construction and demolition wastes performance.
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Climate change is an important problem that defines our era. The negative effects of climate change bring important social, economic, and environmental consequences. Today, the use of artificial intelligence in combating these problems is increasing and there are many applications in different fields. The two most important strategies in combating climate change defined by the United Nations are greenhouse gas mitigation and adapting to the existing and potential impacts of climate change. The use of artificial intelligence offers important opportunities to decision makers and researchers in order to develop existing understanding and practices in the field of both greenhouse gas mitigation and adaptation, and to identify different perspectives and strategies. However, artificial intelligence systems also create new social and ethical problems in these processes and cause a significant increase in greenhouse gas emissions. This makes the use of artificial intelligence one of the factors that cause harm to human health and all living things by exacerbating climate change. The aim of this study is to evaluate the opportunities and problems created by artificial intelligence within the scope of combating climate change. As a result of the study, it has been concluded that the use of artificial intelligence will significantly support climate change combat and adaptation activities if it can be managed in the context of energy use, environmental effects, and carbon footprint and ethically.
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Reducing energy consumption has important implications for the sustainable development of society, but this consideration has become more stringent in the actual geopolitical context. Following the strategic directions established by the European Green Pact and "NextGenerationEU", a concrete action of the European Commission was the elaboration of the REPowerEU Plan, which aims to make Europe independent from Russian fossil fuels before 2030 and transition to green energy. In this context, in order to know the attitude, behaviour and future intentions of Romanian consumers toward voluntary measures aimed at reducing energy consumption, quantitative marketing research was carried out, in which data collected through a questionnaire led to the identification of new factors that can influence energy saving behaviour: the level of information of household consumers and the level of perceived importance, compared to voluntary measures to reduce electricity consumption. Although the research results cannot be extrapolated to the level of the entire Romanian population, but only to certain segments, the authors consider the association of consumption behaviour with two important factors, which have not been analysed in the scientific literature so far, to be a success. This analysis is necessary to understand, improve, and align the actions of domestic consumers with the strategic plans of the European Union for the implementation of measures to reduce energy consumption.
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A recent survey results show that in 2017 in EU 0 – 2 years old children have been used approximately 33 billion single-use baby nappies which are generated about 6,7 tons of waste, or, only one baby needs 2200 single-use nappies and generates 438 kg of waste per year. Despite these single-use products contain plastic, there are no specific regulations for their waste treatment and also the price of their alternative option is higher. The choice of nappy types and waste treatment depends entirely on parents. This paper aims to investigate the Bulgarian parent attitude to single-use nappies, alternative products and separate waste collection.
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Real estate investment is widely regarded as one of the most reliable and lucrative forms of investment. Unfortunately, properties are offered and purchased without even the most basic data of their ecological and geophysical characteristics – not only in Bulgaria, but also globally. This study presents a pioneer attempt to identify the various issues concerning the environmental valuation of real estate. The study outlines the components, objects, as well as methods and technical instruments for such evaluation.
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Dilute sulfuric acid and acidic ionic liquids are pretreatment methods used to selectively hydrolyze hemicellulose from lignocellulosic biomasses. In this work, a comparison between these techniques is carried out by treating sugarcane bagasse both with 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate at different ionic-liquid and water contents and with H2SO4 at the same conditions and equivalent ionic liquid molar contents. Results from the use of ionic liquid showed that it was possible to tune the biomass treatment either to achieve high hemicellulose hydrolysis yields of 72.5 mol% to very low furan and glucose co-production, or to obtain furfural at moderate yields of 18.7 mol% under conditions of low water concentration. In comparison to the use of ionic liquid, sulfuric acid pretreatment increased hemicellulose hydrolysis yields by 17%, but the 8.6 mol% furfural yield was also higher, and these yields were obtained at high water concentration conditions. Besides, no such tuning ability of the biomass treatment conditions can be made.
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Transportation of drug through parental routes are conventionally followed through hypodermic injection methods, where hypodermic injections are administered into the human skin for drug release. However, there are some issues observed when these hypodermic needles are being used, there are instances where the needle is being inserted leaves some needle fractures in the skin. To cater to the issue scientific researchers are voraciously working on designing and developing polymeric type of microneedle structures for various medical diagnostic applications for glucose monitoring, drug delivery, and other applications. This article presents the structural design of a conical-shaped polymeric microneedle and the insertion force while being pierced into the skin. Simulations at different insertion angles on microneedle are analyzed by arriving with total needle displacements in the process of insertion. The von mises stress is also analyzed with applied force at different insertion angles resulted in incremental change in stress exerted by the microneedle. The resultant stress is below the yield stress which makes the microneedle pierce into the skin without breakage.
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The aim of the considerations was to assess the legal regulation of water protection in the process of agricultural production from the perspective of the Common Agricultural Policy 2023-2027. It has been established that the current regulation does not provide for adequate water protection due to, primarily, its fragmentation, weak impact on the protection of water resources and unsatisfactory sanctions currently available for polluting this element of the environment. The challenges arising from the Common Agricultural Policy are capa- ble of influencing the improvement of the existing situation but the protection of waters in agricultural production requires constructing a legal regulation based on properly balanced preventive and incentive instruments. The legal regulation needs to be systematised taking into account the issues of food security, the preservation of the productive capacity of ag-riculture and the rational use of water, soil and air in the agricultural production process.
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The aim of this study is to answer the question of whether the legislator has provided sufficient support for organisational and legal forms of civic energy operating in rural areas. The implementation of this objective requires determining the legal framework for civic energy in EU and national law. The considerations carried out have led to the conclusion that the current regulation does not sufficiently support the development of civic energy initiatives. No regulations have yet been adopted to effectively encourage agricultural com- munities to implement renewable energy sources projects or to provide the necessary finan- cial support for this type of investment. Moreover, the national legislation on organisational and legal forms of civic energy continues to be inconsistent with EU law. Concluding, an attractive system of incentives, including financial incentives, should be developed while the economic risk of social investment in renewable energy sources should be minimised.
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Financial markets are undergoing a transformation process, which is determined by the growing impact of non-financial risk, particularly the threat of climate change. Financial institutions, taking into account the effects of climate risk on their operations, take several adjustment measures to reduce the impact of this risk. These activities result from the applicable regulations and legal conditions on the one hand and initiatives undertaken by and for financial institutions on the other. Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are a strong stimulus determining activity for the climate. The implementation of the SDGs is monitored at the level of Member States. The SDGs are integrated into public policies, and their assumptions are present in the decisions of financial and non-financial sector entities, which affects the allocation and the flow of financial capital. The article aims to show changes in the functioning of financial markets in the conditions of climate change risk and also through the prism of sustainable development goals. The paper uses the triangulation method (apart from conventional research methods).
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The text discusses the critical issue of environmental and ecological security and emphasizes the need for a comprehensive scientific approach to solving these challenges. The paper highlights the interconnection of human activities, the ecosystem, and the natural environment and the potential consequences of neglecting their interdependence. The text explores various aspects of environmental and ecological security, including climate change, biodiversity loss, pollution, and resource depletion. It emphasizes the importance of adopting sustainable practices, implementing effective policies, and promoting awareness and education in preserving the future of our planet. The importance of understanding and mitigating the impact of human activities on the environment is also highlighted in order to ensure a sustainable and secure future for generations to come.
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The paper presents the problem of sustainable design in terms of multi-criteria evaluation methods focusing on the selection and use of building materials in the design. Based on the guidelines and procedures of such assessment methods as LEED (Leader- ship in Energy and Environmental Design), BREAM (Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method), and others, environmentally friendly building materials were selected for the design of specific building structures was made. For the construction of low-rise single-family homes, products made from waste were used. For the construction of a multipurpose, high- rise building, the material chosen was cross-laminated timber (CLT), which is characterized by good environmental performance. The design of a multipurpose urban complex used environmentally friendly concrete, the manufacturing process of which has a dramatically reduced carbon footprint. An analysis of the properties of the building materials, their selection in terms of sustain- ability, and their use in designs provide tangible benefits in terms of the quality of formation of the built environment.
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In January 2020 the European Parliament approved a resolution on the Green Deal, which aims to ensure that the EU achieves climate neutrality by 2050. Crucial to achieving the strategy’s goals is sustainable and green mobility. Rail transport as the most sustainable mode of transport is an important factor in achieving these changes.This article presents a synthetic diagnosis of the position of railways on the passenger transport market in Poland, in the context of the Green Deal assumptions. The essential analysis was preceded by a discussion of the structure of external transport costs, which is one of the determinants of the Green Deal. Trends in passenger transport were then identified and attention was paid to the shift of inter-industry relations in favour of rail transport. An analysis of the structure of regional and agglomeration rail transport was also carried out. Developments in this market area show a revitalisation of agglomeration rail links, which fits in with the sustainable mobility strategy.
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The aim of the article is to identify the critical factors determining the development of the electromo- bility ecosystem in the context of sustainable, innovative and responsive mobility systems. The arti- cle is devoted to the study of the relationship between the development of the electromobility system and the possibilities of creating a sustainable and resistant to disturbance value chain of this system. The article reviews the basic strategies for the development of mobility in line with the assumptions of the European Green Deal and the „Fit for 55” package. The current state of development of the elec- tric vehicle (EV) market is shown, which implies a number of challenges in the context of creating sustainable and resilient mobility.A review of the literature on the subject and the results of preliminary research confirmed the impor- tance of critical factors. According to the respondents, taking active measures to increase the level of sustainability and resilience of the system should, first of all, be focused on the further development of the charging infrastructure and creating a battery value chain for EVs, i.e., „engineering resilience”.
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The article aims to answer whether the current state of the Polish energy system may lead to its crisis and in turn threaten the country’s energy security. This assumption was verified with the use of statistical data analysis and a review of literature. The study indicates several negative phenomena affecting the Polish energy sector. They include the lack of far-reaching reforms in the Polish energy market and negative external effects that may lead to a crisis.
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The article presents chosen technological solutions that affect the energy efficiency of multi-family zero-energy buildings – MFZEB. Based on detailed analyzes of 15 buildings built in a climate zone similar to Polish zone, strategies that have direct application in the integrated design process were selected. Both elements and features that can be considered as trends as well as specific cases of MFZEB were indicated. Authors hope that the described problems will contribute to changes in the design of multi-family housing for the 21st century in Poland.
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The subject of research is the theoretical and methodological foundations of business ecosystems of companies. The purpose of the article is a study of features of process of forming and development of ecosystems, and also parameters that influence on her development status in a medium-term and long-term period. The methodological basis of the article is the theoretical provisions of the innovation economy, a set of general scientific and special research methods, namely: induction and deduction, system-structural analysis and synthesis, analogy and modeling, economic and statistical method, abstract and logical method and monographic method. Results of the article. It is established that in today's rapidly changing market conditions, the formation of ecosystems by companies is a progressive direction of economic development. However, these business models should be fully connected with business, or rather, small and medium-sized businesses should form the fundamental basis of the ecosystem, the main resource of which should be human capital and information. The concentration of these components will allow a business entity to develop new and modernize existing products, thereby better meeting consumer needs and, as a result, introducing the next stages of innovative development of humanity. Field of application of results. The results can be used in the activities of agricultural, processing, and trading enterprises, as well as in the research and educational process of agricultural universities. Conclusions. The development of IT technologies is provoking changes in the nature of competition: in the near future, it will not be individual market participants who will compete in the market, but new business models, such as ecosystems, which are able to fully meet the needs and expectations of consumers. Given the current trends in the international business environment, it is easy to predict that in the future, individual economic actors will not be able to maintain a leading position in any market segment and that they will be replaced by business models that are able to focus their efforts not only on the production of competitive products. Given recent events, the level of corruption, the share of the shadow economy, and the dynamics of macro-financial indicators, it is safe to assume that the country will continue to experience a decline in economic activity. In such circumstances, it is appropriate to look for new approaches to stimulate business.
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Environmental economic valuations are often presented as means to rationalize decision-making. A critical blind spot of this argument is that it ignores pervasive environmental inequalities. The author of article criticizes the literature entrenching this credentials of economic approaches to rationalize decision-making and argues that the key for economic valuations to truly contribute to rationalization is that their usage should be embedded in the deployment of what is called a justificatory task. Then the author takes advantage of an analysis of the notion of rationality, when applied to decision-aiding processes, to translate this reasoning into the concrete terms of applications of environmental economic valuations.
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