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21. YÜZYIL ENERJİ SAVAŞLARINDA TÜRK CUMHURİYETLERİ’NİN YERİ ve ÖNEMİ

Author(s): Çagri Kürsat Yüce / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 17/2013

Energy consumption and the need to continue on a global scale, as in the past and in recent years. Oil and natural gas will continue to be the primary energy source until 2030 despite all the alternatives to meet this need. As a result of this situation, energy resources will continue to be one of the most important determinants of the twenty-first century. In addition, at least a half century, dominance of oil in the field of energy will continue to. Energy experts frequently reported that the “cheap oil” era has ended and price volatility in the oil market will continue to today.The Caucasus and Turkestan (Central Asia) regions including the Turkish Republics maintained its importance throughout history due to various reasons. Today, however, due to the rich energy resources, especially oil and natural gas, they took part in the world’s agenda. In this study, the important actors of the energy wars and reserve status of the energy resources of the Turkish Republics in the Caucasus and Turkestan regions were briefly described. In addition, as well as importance of energy resources for the region and the world’s nations, beginning in the late twentieth century and growing competition over energy resources of the Caspian Sea were discussed today.

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A fuzzy multi-criteria decision making methodology based upon the interval Type-2 fuzzy sets for evaluating renewable energy alternatives in Turkey

Author(s): Abit Balin,Hayri Baraçli / Language(s): English / Issue: 5/2017

Energy is substantial for social development and has an essential role for the survival and development of human as an environmental factor. Due to the serious increase ofthe world's primary energy price and rapid development of Turkey's economy, energy consumption of Turkey has become a major problem. For that purpose, opinions of the decision makers upon the relative importance of selection criteria are determined by using a fuzzy AHP procedure based upon type-2 fuzzy sets, and fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making based upon the interval type-2 TOPSIS method is used to rank the best renewable alternative energy. In this paper, a fuzzy multi criteria decision making (MCDM) methodology was proposed to determine the best renewable energy alternatives for Turkey, because type-2 fuzzy sets provide additional degrees of independence to represent the uncertainty and the fuzziness of real world applications. The results showed that wind was the best alternative for Turkey's energy investments, as being followed subsequently by solar, biomass, geothermal, hydraulic and hydrogen. The results were based upon the opinions of three energy planning experts who ranked the energy alternatives according to the ten criteria we have selected.

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A Model for Environmental Quarry System based on Particles, Vibration and Noise (PVN) Components

Author(s): RAISIAN Komeil,YAHAYA Jamaiah,DERAMAN Aziz,HAMDAN Abdul Razak,RAIS Izhar Abadi Ibrahim,YAHAYA Noor Zaitun / Language(s): English / Issue: 2(14)/2016

Environment is the surroundings in which an organization functions, including air, water, land, naturalresources, flora, fauna, humans, and their interrelation. Surroundings in this context extend from within anorganization to the global system. While the environmental impact refers to any change to the environment, whetheradverse or beneficial, wholly or partially resulting from an organization's activities, products or services.Environmental Management System is the part of the overall management system that includes organizationalstructure, planning activities, responsibilities, practices, procedures, processes and resources for developing,implementing, achieving, reviewing and maintaining the environmental policy. The aim of this study is presentmodel for environmental quarry components which are particles, Vibration and Noise (PVN) object. In addition, thisstudy presented that noise emission sources in quarries and construction sites as being emitted from; mobileDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14505/jemt.v7.2(14).03Journal of Environment Management and Tourism186equipment, fixed processing plant and equipment, transportation (road and rail), blasting and construction andvibration main classified to Air Overpressure, ground vibration and fly rock and the last noise also dust emissionsinventory for quarrying are Drilling, blasting, Handling of limestone, and Mineral processing had high significancedust emissions. To examine the model some sort of descriptive survey has been applied. According to a sort of agroup’s random choosing skim, the survey sample population consisted of 285 randomly obtained from people whoare living and work surrounding Langkawi Quarry (Malaysia). A significant part of the result discoveredenvironmental quarry relate directly with research main factors such as particles, dust and vibration and its subfactors and the model be useful for environment quarry and practically environmental quarry system.

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A STUDY OF EFFECTS OF ENTREPRENEURIAL PASSION AND RISK APPETITE ON ENTREPRENEURIAL PERFORMANCE

Author(s): Xi Fang,Liren An / Language(s): English / Issue: 56/2016

Because of the rapid change of industrial environment in past years, the fierce global competition hastens the emergence of entrepreneurs and increases the proportion of new ventures annually. Under the formation of M-shaped society and the emergence of emerging economies, domestic economic environments change so rapidly that small and medium enterprises are facing strict challenges. In face of fiercely competitive environments, the promotion of entrepreneurial performance to acquire competitive advantages is a primary issue for the practical management of entrepreneurs. Aiming at young entrepreneurs in China, the young entrepreneurs in cross-strait youth entrepreneurship bases are surveyed in this study. Total 200 copies of questionnaire are distributed, and 157 valid copies are retrieved, with the retrieval rate 79%. The research results conclude that (1) entrepreneurial passion presents significant effects on financial performance, (2) entrepreneurial passion shows remarkable effects on non-financial performance, (3) risk appetite reveals notable effects on financial performance, (4) risk appetite appears significant effects on non-financial performance, (5) entrepreneurial passion and risk appetite could remarkably promote financial performance, and (6) entrepreneurial passion and risk appetite could notably enhance non-financial performance. Based on the research results, suggestions are proposed to help entrepreneurs create favourable performance and extend survive years.

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A study of owner - manager’s environmental awareness and small business performance

Author(s): Balasundaram Nimalathasan / Language(s): English / Issue: 7/2012

The Importance of strategic planning as a major activity of organizational management is being increasingly accepted both academician and professional managers. As one of the important components of strategic planning process, environmental scanning has received importance to explore new opportunities and to identify threats for making important strategic decision. The present study indicates the relationship between owner-manager’s environmental awareness and business performance of the Small Business. Bollinger (1994) found that scanning is positively correlated with the firm’s financial performance. Similar results were also found by Orpen (1993) reported that small firm which posses more information about themselves and their environment engage in formal strategic planning and they perform better financially than their counter parts. Authors in the area of small business and entrepreneurship have recognized the need for conscious and continuous study of the environment and integrate the environmental information into their strategic planning. Finally, Environmental awareness contributed significantly to the relationship with overall performance of small business under the study

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A wide-ranging Nuclear Energy Technology Roadmap: from findings to recommendations

Author(s): Marc Deffrennes / Language(s): English / Issue: 1-2/2016

Nuclear Energy has fundamental advantages in terms of reducing GHG emissions, competitiveness of electricity production and security of supply. The International Energy Agency (IEA) and the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) jointly issued their Nuclear Energy Technology Roadmap in 2015. By identifying major barriers and recommendations on how they can be overcome, the Roadmap aims to assist interested stakeholders – governments, research organizations, industry, financing institutions – in maintaining or developing nuclear energy technologies. As a follow-up to this roadmap, the NEA launched a broad Initiative called NI2050 – Nuclear Innovation 2050 – with the central objective of identifying R&D strategies and associated priorities so as to achieve the commercial readiness of innovative sustainable nuclear technologies in a timely and cost effective manner, in particular through cooperation to pool resources. Towards the end of 2017, the work will result in the first set of large R&D projects, possibly including any necessary large R&D infrastructures. A number of stakeholders may be willing to cooperate on this to foster their effective implementation.

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Abd-İran Yakınlaşması Ve Kırım Gerginliği Ortamında Türkiye’nin Enerji Tedarikinde Azerbaycan, İran Ve Irak’ın Artan Önemi: Dış Ticaret Ve Enerji İlişkileri Açısından Yeni Fırsatlar (Mı?)

Author(s): Adem Üzümcü,Samet Topal / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 9/2015

After the government chance in Iran, although positive relation arose between Obama and Ruhani, but the problem of Crimea brought up “cold war” to the agenda of the world. Ukraine and other European countries which are dependent on Russia in natural gas import, Crimea tension with Russia has been maintained. In the framework, Turkey, having strong foreign trade and energy relations with Azerbaijan will renew its energy and foreign trade relations with Iran and will solve problems such as transport of Northern Iraq oil with the Baghdad based Shiite government in Iraq which became the second most important foreign market of Turkey. The foreign trade increase of Turkey with all these countries and implementation of new projects in the framework of energy supply is dependent on the relation between USA and Iran and continuation of nuclear talks in a positive way. In this study, the foreign trade and energy trade between Turkey and these countries are discussed and opportunities that may be in favor of Turkey and other possibilities are also mentioned.

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ACCOUNTING APPROACH OF THE RIGHTS OF GREENHOUSE GASES EMISSIONS IN ROMANIA AND FRANCE

Author(s): Elena Mihaela ?erb / Language(s): English / Issue: XXI/2015

To underline its determination and to give an example to follow to its partners, the EU has agreed to reduce its emissions of greenhouse gases with at least 20 % by 2020, whatever the actions of other states. In this article we started from the legal context of the rights of greenhouse gas esemissions. And we intend to answer questions such as: To what extent are inventoried these greenhouse gases emissions? How are registered in accounting the carbon certificates in Romania? What about France? To support the answers we used two examples of accounting entries in the two countries.

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ACCOUNTING APPROACH OF THE RIGHTS OF GREENHOUSE GASES EMISSIONS IN ROMANIA AND FRANCE

Author(s): Elena Mihaela ?erb / Language(s): English / Issue: XXI/2015

To underline its determination and to give an example to follow to its partners, the EU has agreed to reduce its emissions of greenhouse gases with at least 20 % by 2020, whatever the actions of other states. In this article we started from the legal context of the rights of greenhouse gases emissions. And we intend to answer questions such as: To what extent are inventoried these greenhouse gases emissions? How are registered in accounting the carbon certificates in Romania? What about France? To support the answers we used two examples of accounting entries in the two countries.

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Addressing Environmental Crimes and Marine Pollution in the EU: Compendium of International and EU Law Instruments

Author(s): Nicola Giovannini,Luigi Melica,Marco Giannotta,Malena Zingoni / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 2013

This publication draws upon the materials of a training course for legal professionals from selected EU Member States as well as countries on the road to EU membership, geographically located along the coast of the Adriatic sea (namely Italy, Bulgaria, Albania, Montenegro, Croatia), which was organised by the Department of Legal Studies of the University of Salento, in partnership with The Center for the Study of Democracy and Droit au Droit. The purpose of the training sessions, held in Lecce, Italy, and Sofia, Bulgaria, was to train legal professionals on the EU legislation and jurisprudence on environmental crimes in order to strengthen their knowledge and competence in the sector as well as their capacity to contribute to their effective enforcement. It contains a presentation of the most relevant international treaties and conventions related to the matter as well as of the comprehensive legal framework established by the EU to ensure the implementation of its environmental protection policy. This publication is a part of the “Judicial Training and Research on European crimes against the environment and maritime pollution” project, supported by the European Commission’s Directorate-General for Justice.

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Addressing Environmental Crimes and Marine Pollution in the EU: Legal guidelines and case studies

Author(s): Nicola Giovannini,Luigi Melica,Entela Cukani,Marco Giannotta,Malena Zingoni / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 2013

The purpose of this handbook is to provide to judges, prosecutors, forensic officers and other legal practitioners an overview of the existing European and international instruments and rules aimed at tackling environmental crimes and in particular marine pollution, as well as an analysis of the challenges faced in their implementation and enforcement process.

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ADHD – żywioł podczas lekcji przyrody

Author(s): Katarzyna Bialas,Agnieszka Cieszynska / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 4/2013

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with cognitive difficulties and behavioral problems in important aspects of life that can be attributed to both the problems of impulse control, hyperactivity and attention disorders. Working with students with ADHD is therefore a challenge for the teacher. However, there are rules, so you can facilitate such student learning. It used a variety of methods and teaching aids, so that every student, despite the different channels of perception, was the lesson as much as possible. The lessons of nature seem to be ideal to provide the student a variety of stimuli and thus make full use of its potential. Just step on the school playground, bring appropriate teaching aids and certainly lessons are interesting, not only for children with ADHD, but for all the participants. Article aims to show the validity of careful preparation lessons of nature, which will contribute to a better functioning of a student with ADHD in the classroom.

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AGRO ECOLOGICAL PARTICULARITIES OF MOUNTAIN-MEADOW LANDSCAPES OF SOUTH-EAST SLOPE OF MAIN CAUCASIAN RANGE

Author(s): Ilham Ildirim Mardanov / Language(s): English / Issue: 7/2010

The Disadvantage natural processes, occurring in high-mountainous zone, are reflected on physical-chemical and, consequently, agro production characteristic of soils of alpine and sub alpine meadow. Herewith exists differences of soils on agro production particularity and the other processes, with them bound. In this work are considered natural factors, influencing upon such differences and are presented some way of the achievement of the ecological balance in miscellaneous degree broken lands and way of the realization of natural defence action.

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Akademia Bioróżnorodności – czyli lekcje przyrody w Parku Śląskim

Author(s): Katarzyna Kowalik,Barbara Bacler-Zbikowska / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 2/2015

W Parku Śląskim, znajdującym się na granicy Chorzowa, Katowic i Siemianowic Śląskich, od kwietnia 2014 roku realizowany jest innowacyjny projekt edukacyjny pod nazwą Akademia Bioróżnorodności. Pomysłodawcą oraz wykonawcą projektu jest działająca na terenie parku Fundacja Park Śląski, która już wcześniej prowadziła warsztaty ekologiczne, spotkania dla szkół oraz organizowała Pikniki Bioróżnorodności, które cieszyły się dużą popularnością. Fundacja postanowiła zrealizować kolejny pomysł na zajęcia przyrodnicze. Dzięki dofinansowaniu otrzymanemu z Wojewódzkiego Funduszu Ochrony Środowiska i Gospodarki Wodnej w Katowicach oraz wsparciu gospodarza terenu – WPKiW S.A. w Parku zostało utworzone Laboratorium Bioróżnorodności, mieszczące się w wyremontowanych pomieszczeniach dawnego radiowęzła. Laboratorium jak i cała Akademia zostały uroczyście otwarte w czasie obchodów Światowego Dnia Parków Miejskich 20 września 2014 roku.

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Aktualne i przewidywane w najbliższych latach warunki funkcjonowania energetyki konwencjonalnej w Polsce

Author(s): Waldemar Szulc / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 2/2015

The article raises the issue of the functioning of the conventional power engineering in Poland. The first part describes the current structure of electricity production as well as the discussions on the impact of conditions on the profitability of conventional power engineering – resulting primarily from the IED Directive and BAT Conclusions. The article justifies that it will be problematic to maintain low energy prices in coming years , in the context of new burdens emerging from legislation. Next part addresses the issue of renewable energy as an alternative to conventional energy. Energy costs in Germany and Poland are compared, as well as differences in state support for the development of RES. In the last part major challenges for the Polish power engineering resulting from the EU rules have been outlined. The conclusions present the justification of the need to maintain conventional sources, but also the need to deploy low carbon technologies and to reflect rising costs of the electric energy resulting inter alia, from exacerbated environmental requirements.

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Allelopatia – czy rośliny potrafią się komunikować?

Author(s): Tomasz Kopczewski / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 3/2014

Is communication the exclusive attribute of animals? It turns out that it is not. Mechanisms of signal transduction also exist in the world of plants. What’s more, these signals can be exchanged not only between plants but also between plants and microorganisms. Biochemical interactions in which one organism secretes compounds negatively or positively influencing the growth and development of another organism, are called allelopathy and the compounds – allelochemicals. They play a significant role in ecological interactions between organisms, which gives the possibility to apply allelochemicals in agricultural practice, e.g. in biological methods of dealing with weeds. This paper describes the characteristics of allelochemicals as well as the possibilities of their practical application in modern agriculture.

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An analysis of issues for the management of post-disaster housing reconstruction

Author(s): Abdulquadri Ade Bilau,Emlyn Witt / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2016

There is an urgent need to improve the management of housing reconstruction programmes. Post-disaster housing reconstruction represents a significant portion of global property investment but its management has often proved to be ineffective. Although the post-disaster context makes management more challenging, it also offers exceptional opportunities to invest in and develop a more resilient built environment. On the basis of a systematic review of the existing literature, characteristics of the housing reconstruction context and successes, failures and management issues arising from historical housing reconstruction programmes were identified. These were synthesized into a conceptual framework that relates the contextual characteristics with management strategies and with the desired outcomes for housing reconstruction initiatives. This framework will enable field data collection in order to better understand the interrelationships between context, management strategies and outcomes. Ultimately, it is intended to provide practitioners with decision support tools for selecting appropriate housing reconstruction management strategies.

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An Assessment of Wind Farm Construction Efficiency Using the Real Option Method

Author(s): Tomasz Lukaszewski,Wojciech Glocko / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2016

From a developer’s point of view the construction of a wind farm in Poland is an investment project assessed in terms of economic efficiency. This paper discusses the selection of methods to be used for the assessment of such investments: it proposes to consider wind farm construction as an option and price it using models developed for the financial market. The purpose of the paper is to present a practical application of the option pricing method to the assessment of wind farm construction efficiency, in particular to compare the option and discount methods. Calculations are based with the example of an actual wind farm completed by one of the authors. The values of the project are different depending on the chosen method of estimation. The pricing carried out using the options method will lend legitimacy to the DCF result or suggest the verification of its correctness and review of the assumptions made. In both cases the application of the options method will have an advantageous impact on the investment decision.

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An environmental aspects of various types of heat sources in a single-family house

Author(s): Arkadiusz Guzda,Norbert Szmolke / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2016

The article evaluates various types of heat source used for heating and ventilation in a typical singlefamily house. Additionally, the paper presents the ecological analysis of the proposed solutions according to The National Centre for Emissions Management (KOBiZE) standards. The analysis was carried out for commonly used heating systems such as a gas boiler with closed combustion chamber, an air-source heat pump (ASHP), a ground source heat pump (GSHP), a coal fired boiler and a wood fired boiler. Moreover, the paper describes the energy performance and energy balance of a typical single-family house. Ultimately, the ecological choice of heating system was presented.

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