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Performance evaluation of Czech innovative companies: data envelopment analysis approach

Author(s): Miroslav Žižka,Vladimíra Hovorková Valentová,Lukáš Turčok / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2016

The article deals with the verification of a performance evaluation model of innovative companies in the Czech Republic and the evaluation of the impact of a branch on their performance in terms of effectiveness and efficiency. From a methodological point of view, the article is based on the use of Data envelopment analysis (DEA) to evaluate the performance of the selected companies. To evaluate their performance, a two-stage DEA method, BCC model orientated at inputs is used. In the first stage, the effectiveness of resources spent on protecting industrial property rights is evaluated. In the second stage, it is assessed how the companies managed to evaluate registered property rights in terms of added value. The research results show that among branches, there are significant differences in both the overall level of performance, and in its pillars – effectiveness and efficiency. In the conclusion, other potential factors that could affect the company’s performance in terms of effectiveness and efficiency are discussed.

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Pravni osnov likvidacije preduzeća

Author(s): Mihailo Ćurčić,Goran Divac / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 8/2016

Every business entity passes through phases of the business cycle, which also includes discontinued operations. Liquidation, as a form of termination of certain company operations, is conducted by accurately defined procedure, following the proposal of the liquidation proceedings, all in accordance with legal regulations that define this area. The essence of the legal basis for the company liquidation is reflected in the fact that deregulation, naimely the absence of it, has led to the avoidance of legal obligations and responsibilities, which would, in the long term, lead to the destabilization of both domestic and foreign trade.

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CREATING THE VALUE OF ORGANIZATION IN THE RESTRUCTURING PROCESS OF A HOLDING COMPANY: A CASE STUDY

Author(s): Piotr J. Białowąs / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2016

The article represents a kind of a case study dealing with concentration of the processes taking place in the holding company. These processes in question are not connected with the core business of the company and are conducted and/or executed with the sole purpose of selling the company as a subsidiary with the assumption of maximizing the costs value of revenues from this sale. We include references to a practical example as well as to the economic theory, particularly to the theory of transactional costs. Therefore, the article has both theoretical and practical layers and might be relevant for business managers and economic theorists.

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The Ownership Concept in Modern Management – How to Become More Efficient (Outsourcing Viewpoint)

Author(s): Michał Flieger / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2014

The aim of the study is to present the ownership concept in modern management in the scope of the outsourcing viewpoint. The author analyse the exreengineering concept of the outsourcing in management – the process configuration that may result in cost savings and greater flexibility of production or other internal processes.

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Possession or Sharing - The New Rules of Property Management in Profit Making

Author(s): Anna Scheibe / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2014

The aim of the study is to evaluate the new rules of property management in profit making. The author analyse the notion of the property and its meaning for the profit creation process, changes in the contemporary business environment and creating competitive advantage in new conditions on the example of the use of intellectual property rights, property and profits in the new reality.

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Coopetition under alliance? Applying awareness-motivation-capability competitive dynamics perspective

Author(s): Wei-Lun Chang,Chia-Ling Chiu / Language(s): English Issue: 5/2016

Airline companies join airline alliances to cope with the high level of competition in the airline industry. However, pressure within an alliance is substantial. This study used competitor mapping and awareness-motivation-capability competitive dynamics to analyze airline alliances. The results revealed that alliances compete to recruit airline companies, and the power differences in the alliances are considerable; only a few of the airline companies within the alliance possess power. In addition, we interviewed 2 senior managers to confirm the results of the analysis. A detailed content analysis was performed to test each hypothesis. The findings revealed that companies with low market commonality and high resource similarity can cooperate through resource allocation. We also discovered that the main competitive action was derived from disallowing local airline companies to join an alliance. Leading companies in the alliance generally negotiated for the entire alliance indirectly. This research suggests that companies cooperate not only to control cost but also to increase service quality.

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The moderating effects of slack on the relationship between ambidextrous strategy and performance: evidence from high-tech firms in China

Author(s): Biao Luo,Changyue Luo,Jiajia Ge,Dongli Zhang / Language(s): English Issue: 5/2016

The purpose of this study is to examine the impacts of ambidexterity of exploration/exploitation on long-term performance and the moderating effects of slack resources. The methodology adopted is panel data analysis of a sample dataset of 125 high technology firms in China. The finding of this study shows that a moderating role of organizational slack between ambidexterity and long-term performance is strongly supported. The research and practical implications of this paper are: (1) Exploration and exploitation can be mutually enhancing instead of being fundamentally contradictory; (2) Slack resources moderate the relationship between ambidexterity and performance. The originality and value of the paper is that it is one of the earliest studies that empirically examine the moderating effects of slack resources on ambidexterity-performance relationship.

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Departmanlar Arası Ortaklaşa Rekabet Stratejisinin İnovasyon ve İnovasyonun Algılanan İşletme Performansı Üzerindeki Etkisi: Bir Kamu Bankasında Uygulama

Author(s): Yunus Demirel,Nurzahit Keskin,Türker Baş,Gültekin Yıldız / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 1/2013

Turkish banking sector is the leading competitive sector in our country. Many banks have been transferred to the Savings Deposit Insurance Fund (SDIF) after the financial crisis in 2001 and the cost of the crisis for Turkish economy has been amounted about 50 billion USD. The legal regulations after the crisis and decline in interest rates due to the economic recovery have been increased competition among banks and the banks have been tried to produce various solutions to provide best products and services for their costumers. Thus, in the recent years innovation has become one of the important elements that improve the performance of banks. The effect of intra-firm coopetition on innovation and the effect of innovation on the perceived financial performance are measured in this study. The results of the research showed that innovation and the financial performance of the banks are increased if the banks can apply coopetition which is the simultaneous competition between departments and cooperation which aims knowledge sharing and improving the common values.

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Bir Doğrudan Yabancı YatırımTürü Olarak Birleşme veSatın Almaların İhracataEtkisi; Türkiye Örneği

Author(s): Ahmet Yağmur Ersoy,Mustafa İlteriş Yılmaz / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 2/2014

In this study, moving from hypothesis dealing with seperately in Foreign Capital Flow (FCF) species and each Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) species effecting macroeconomic variables differently, it is examined Mergers & Acquisitions (M & A ) as a type of FCF and exports relationship in the case of Turkey.The purpose of this study is , testing a casual relationship between Mergers & Acquisitions, and exports. The relationship between variables was tested and findings are exposed. In order to interpret the results more better, the relationship between variables that studied except for causality between exports and Mergers & Acquisitions relationships are also revealed. In the study, Granger causality test is applied and at the end , suggestions are made as a link of results.

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Supply chain management maturity assessment: challenges of the enterprises in Serbia

Author(s): Marija Radosavljević,Nada Barac,Vesna Janković Milić,Aleksandra Anđelković / Language(s): English Issue: 6/2016

Nowadays competition has been spread to supply chains, instead of individual enterprises. Therefore, beside evaluation of enterprise’s capabilities to manage business processes, it is important to assess capabilities for business process management at supply chain level. The purpose of the research presented in this paper is to point out the necessity of supply chain management maturity in implementation of best practice. Research methodology is based on supply chain management maturity models. Application of the Delphi method enabled usage of maturity model, adapted to the enterprises in Serbia. The value of the research precedes from unique combination of best practice elements for the assessment of supply chain management maturity level. The research results show that best practice elements are not very popular in the enterprises in Serbia. All enterprises are at the second and third maturity level. Bearing in mind that everything has to be improved continually, maturity models, proposed by different authors can be further developed by including certain statistical tools. The original contribution of this paper and its practical implication refer to including statistical tools, hierarchical cluster analysis and correlation, into maturity analysis, thus enabling creation of framework as a road-map for the improvement of supply chain management maturity.

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Role of management control systems in crafting realized strategies

Author(s): David Naranjo-Gil / Language(s): English Issue: 6/2016

The distinction between deliberate and emergent strategy implementation is rarely acknowledged in management control literature, which has promoted a passive view of control systems tailored explicitly to support the strategic planning. This paper analyzes how management control systems facilitate organizations to realize their intended strategies. Hypotheses are tested using survey data from CEOs of Spanish hospitals. Partial least squares is used as a statistical technique to test the integral causal path model. Results show that boundary and diagnostic control systems have primarily a positive impact on the realization of deliberate strategies, whereas belief and interactive control systems positively affect emergent strategies. This study tries to clarify the fragmented results of the literature by analyzing the effect of the design (passive role) and the use (active role) of management control systems on both deliberate and emergent strategies. A practical implication of this paper is that managers should focus on both the design and the use of management control systems to implement strategies successfully. This study is among the first to provide empirical evidence on how different levers of control complement each other in crafting realized strategies.

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Effect of ownership change and growth on firm value at the issuance of bonds with detachable warrants

Author(s): Sekyung Oh,Woo Sung Kim / Language(s): English Issue: 6/2016

This paper empirically explores the relationship between the issuance of bonds with detachable warrants and firm value and the relationship between growth and firm value at the issuance of such bonds. Twelve years of data for 721 issuances of 451 Korean listed firms are analyzed using a panel regression model. We find that at the issuance of bonds with detachable warrants, the change in firm value is strongly correlated with large shareholder ownership concentration and issuance form, and the effect of growth on firm value is strongly correlated with the cash flow condition of the issuing firm. The results indicate that the ownership structure and the cash flow condition of the issuing firm and the form of issuance are important determinants of the relationship between the issuance of bonds with detachable warrants and firm value; these results are applicable to an analysis of the mixed market reactions of convertible bonds or bonds with warrants issues across different countries. They also offer the policy implication that the Korean government’s decision to entirely prohibit firms from issuing bonds with detachable warrants may have been excessive.

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Ownership structure and debt as corporate governance mechanisms: an empirical analysis for Spanish SMEs

Author(s): Ginés Hernández-Cánovas,Antonio Mínguez-Vera,Javier Sánchez-Vidal / Language(s): English Issue: 6/2016

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the relationship between ownership structure and indebtedness for a sample of 2,544 Spanish small and medium enterprises. A System Generalized Method of Moments methodology is applied to control for the heterogeneity and endogeneity problems. The finding shows a negative effect of several measures of ownership on debt ratio. Therefore, the presence of an individual as main shareholder has a positive effect on debt, while the presence of a corporation as main shareholder exerts a negative influence. As research implications, this paper includes the agency problem based on principal-principal conflicts to explain the capital structure of small and medium enterprises, going beyond traditional principal-agent conflicts. The main practical implications of the paper is that owners who seek equity financing can use the results of this study for understanding better why investors are reluctant to invest in their small and medium enterprises. Policymakers can use the results of this study to develop better policies and to promote better provision of information for all stakeholders. About the contribution of this study, we are not aware of any paper that uses a panel of small and medium enterprises operating in a French-civil law country to examine the relationship between indebtedness and three different proxies of the ownership structure.

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Use of “Knowledge House”, DWS, DMS and DSS methodology by completing a competitors' analysis in the railway sector

Author(s): Vaidas Gaidelys,Stasys Dailydka / Language(s): English Issue: 6/2016

In completing a competitors’ analysis in the railway sector by using the “Knowledge House” method, there is frequently a problem of data and information accessibility. The quality of primary information has direct influence on the quality of analytical conclusions. One more condition for the qualitative application of this method is the intellectual capital and experience of the analyst. One should note that in this regard we face another problem, that of selection of proper personnel, on the qualification of whom depends the accuracy of the evaluation and final results, on the basis of which strategic decisions are taken. The main aim of the paper is to assess the opportunities for applications of competitive intelligence methods in the railway sector. The study is using “Knowledge House”, DWS, DMS, DSS methodologies.Having analysed the scientific works the direct scientific sources of information, which are oriented to the application of the methods of competitive intelligence to the railway sector, have not been identified. The paper is absolutely original in that until now the competitive intelligence techniques have not been applied for the railway sector companies.Considering the fact that foreign companies, which compete for freighting at the international level, are regarded as the main competitors of the railway sector, the use of the methods of the competitive intelligence becomes more important while fighting for the part of the market. The competitive intelligence methods and their application to the railway sector companies are little studied. In accordance with application of the relevant methods in other sectors, it can be assumed that these innovative approaches could have a positive impact on the competitiveness of companies in the railway sector and their income.

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Empirical investigation of the effects of industry type and firm size on export barriers

Author(s): Joaquim Ramos Silva,Mário Franco,André Magrinho / Language(s): English Issue: 6/2016

This study aims to explore the importance of export barriers and to achieve this by comparing different industry types and firm sizes. We performed a cross-sectional study of 529 Portuguese export firms drawn from the database held by a Portuguese Industrial Association – Business Confederation. From multivariate analysis of variance and the Tukey’s HSD (Honestly Significant Difference) test, we conclude that the more important export barriers mentioned by the firms proved more external than internal. Our results also show that the service and retail trade sectors were the sectors reporting the greatest peculiarities regarding export barriers. Thus, we identify an “industry effect” as regards export barriers even while our findings do not indicate any “size effect”. Knowing the industry-specific export barriers enables companies not only to better coordinate and perform export processes but also to better anticipate the behaviour of their competitors. Other practical and theoretical implications will also be presented.

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New integration of MCDM methods and QFD in the selection of green suppliers

Author(s): Morteza Yazdani,Sarfaraz Hashemkhani Zolfani,Edmundas Kazimieras Zavadskas / Language(s): English Issue: 6/2016

Currently, topics of operations management and supply chain systems have been gaining more interest of researchers. Efficiency in supply chain activities and operations management firstly benefit organisations. One of the main operations in supply chain systems is the collaboration with selected suppliers. Various models have been proposed in terms of supplier evaluation and selection studies. The invention of a new integrated frame for the building of an effective supplier evaluation system is a multi-attribute task that consists of several factors as external and internal variables. This paper delivers a creative integrated model of supplier selection problem using SWARA, QFD and a new MCDM tool called WASPAS. This work considers customer attitudes in the process of supplier evaluation. To give more weight to customer requirements, a new SWARA method has been designed; additionally, QFD and the house of quality matrix have been used to transform customer requirements into the supplier evaluation index. Finally, WASPAS has been used to rate the performance of suppliers and present supplier ranking scores. Application of initiative ways to propose a systematic supplier selection problem has always been encouraged by supply chain managers. This topic has been addressed in this paper as well.

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Internationalisation of SMEs and simultaneous strategies of cooperation and competition: an exploratory analysis

Author(s): Emilio Galdeano-Gómez,Juan C. Pérez-Mesa,José A. Aznar-Sánchez / Language(s): English Issue: 6/2016

The present work examines the relationships between SMEs’ marketing internationalisation and the combination of cooperation and competition strategies, i.e. co-opetition. Recent analyses have shown that the SMEs’ exports capabilities are highly dependent on co-opetition, while others suggest that the challenges of international supply chain constitute a major driver to this combination. This analysis contributes to the literature by providing empirical evidence on both of these issues. A multivariate regression analysis is developed, measuring variables of SMEs’ co-opetition and international activity, and taking as reference a set of 136 Andalusian food exporters. The results confirm the positive effect of strategies of cooperation with competitors (regarding logistics, promotion, quality and R&D) on international marketing activity. This positive effect is enhanced when large retailers are the main buyers, i.e. in hierarchical relationships. Furthermore, exporting activity is shown to promote co-opetition among suppliers. These findings highlight the importance of such strategies as regards both export capabilities of the food firms in this region and their expansion into new foreign markets. The empirical approach and certain implications drawn from the results can be extended to other analyses on SMEs in international contexts.

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Financing of working capital requirement, financial flexibility and SME performance

Author(s): Sonia Baños-Caballero,Pedro J. García-Teruel,Pedro Martínez-Solano / Language(s): English Issue: 6/2016

This paper investigates the relation between the financing strategies of working capital requirement and firm performance for the period 1997 to 2012. Using the two-step generalized method of moments estimator, we find that a suitable financing strategy can help firms improve their performance. Moreover, the results indicate that the working capital requirement financing-performance relation changes during a financial crisis. Finally, we also find that this relation depends on a firm’s financial flexibility. The findings are of interest for managers and researchers and show that managers should not only be concerned about investing in working capital requirement but also consider how this investment is to be financed. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first paper to analyse how the financing strategy selected by firms to finance their working capital requirement affects their performance.

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Critical success criteria for public-private partnership projects: international experts’ opinion

Author(s): Robert Osei-Kyei,Albert P. C. Chan,Arshad Ali Javed,Ernest Effah Ameyaw / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2017

Public-Private Partnership (PPP) projects success is the ultimate goal of practitioners and government organizations. In this regard, the last decade has seen considerable research into the critical success factors (CSFs) for PPP projects. However, a very important subject which has received very little attention in the normative literature is the success criteria for PPP projects. This paper examines the general perception of purposively sampled international PPP experts on a set of 15 PPP projects success criteria derived from literature. The survey results show that all the success criteria are critical; however seven are very critical. These include: effective risk management; meeting output specifications; reliable and quality service operations; adherence to time; satisfying the need for public facility/service; long-term relationship and partnership; and profitability. The findings of this study are impactful because they inform practitioners on the key measures to consider when evaluating the success of PPP projects. More research should be conducted to further develop a composite success index that could be used to objectively assess the success levels of different PPP projects. In addition, the perceptions of different stakeholders on PPP projects success criteria and the causal relationship between CSFs and success criteria for PPP projects should be investigated.

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Rozrachunki na koniec okresu obrotowego oraz ich ujęcie w rocznym sprawozdaniu finansowym

Author(s): Bożena Sowa,Karolina Olak / Language(s): Polish Issue: X/2016

Rachunkowość jest nauką stosowaną, tzn., że główne jej metody i zasady znajdują zastosowanie w praktyce gospodarczej. Istotą rachunkowości jest między innymi metoda podmiotowa co oznacza, że rachunkowość prowadzona jest odrębnie w każdej jednostce gospodarczej i dla jej potrzeb informacyjnych. Głównym celem wprowadzania norm w zakresie rachunkowości jest zapewnienie, aby jej prowadzenie odbywało się w sposób rzetelny i wiarygodny oraz umożliwiało dostarczenie niezbędnych informacji o sytuacji majątkowej i działalności gospodarczej jednostki. Prowadzenie działalności, w oparciu o obowiązujące przepisy prawne i standardy zawodowe, ma również zapewnić właściwe informacje zarządowi podmiotu gospodarczego i jego pracownikom. W miarę upływu lat ilość informacji, które prezentowane są w sprawozdaniach finansowych, zwiększyła się (m.in. w postaci dodatkowych informacji i objaśnień stanowiących integralną część tych sprawozdań). Dlatego też sprawozdawczość finansowa jest cennym źródłem informacji, służącym ocenie kondycji ekonomiczno-finansowej jednostki.

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