HOW HAS TIME PROGRESSED WITH THE EU REGIONAL COMPETITIVENESS INDEX? CONTINUED NUMBER 2. WHAT CHANGE DID THE LAST EDITION OF RCI 2019 BRING?

Author(s): Lukáš Melecký / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Regional Competitiveness Index (RCI) has been measuring the significant factors of competitiveness over the past ten years for all the NUTS 2 level regions across the European Union (EU). RCI measures with more than 70 comparable indicators the ability of a region to offer an attractive and sustainable environment for firms and residents to live and work. RCI results are standardly illustrated with interactive maps and a range of interactive web tools, which is attractive as well as for the public. The scorecards make it easy to compare any region with the EU and regions with a similar level of GDP per head. Users can easily see where their region stands on aspects such as governance, infrastructure, including the digital networks, health, human capital and labour market and innovation. RCI results confirm a polycentric pattern with a strong performance of most capitals and regions with large cities, that benefit from agglomeration effects, better connectivity and high levels of human capital. Other regions in the same country in some cases, score much worse. The north-west and south-east divide across the EU is still clear and visible. The paper aims at comprehensive analysis of RCI approach is performed by the systematic review across the editions. Results show that comparing RCI over time is complicated because all editions incorporate slight modifications. The authors of RCI try to keep changes to a minimum so as not to affect its overall structure and to maintain a high degree of comparability across the editions. However, despite all its shortcomings, RCI proved to be a robust way to summarise many different indicators into one index.

Kadro Dergisinden Yönetim Anlayışı Üzerine Notlar

Author(s): H. Fatih Yakut / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Kadro Dergisi 1932 Ocak ayında “Siyasi ve entelektüel” türde yayın olarak hayata başlamıştır. Derginin yayınlandığı 1932- 1934 yılları arasında, yönetim anlayışının düşünsel dünyasında, bir tarafta batı dünyasında, 1929 ekonomik krizi ile tartışılan serbest piyasa düşüncesi, diğer taraftan ise Marksist diyalektik anlayışta, “maddi dünyanın bilinçli şekillendirilmesi ile insan davranışlarının kendiliğinden şekilleneceği” düşüncesinin olduğu bir dönemdir. Dönemdeki bir başka gelişme ise ikinci dünya savaşına giden süreç içinde, yerel ve radikal bir akım olarak Nasyonal Sosyalizm’in yükselme döneminde olmasıdır.

ENTREPRENEURSHIP VERSUS EU LABOUR MARKET. CURRENT SITUATION AND PROSPECTS

Author(s): Geanina Brînză,Maria-Magdalena Maftei,Gina Ionela Butnaru / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

In any economic dynamic, starting new businesses is vital because it generates new jobs, increases income and added value through new ideas, technologies and products needed in society. New businesses accelerate change at the structural level and pursue the evolution of resources to produce goods and services adapted to the market (GEM, 2022). In this context, the key factors which interconnect entrepreneurship, and the labour market are public institutions and the profile of the company. Based on this nexus, the salary and social insurance policies are established, restrictive agreements are applied, aspects regarding work safety are established, all these modelling the attractiveness of the entrepreneurial environment. Consequently, employers' practices regarding salaries, investment in training, opportunities for advancement and others outline the trajectory of employee’s careers (Burton, Fairlie and Siegel, 2019). Entrepreneurship ant labour market intersect in many ways through the human capital involved and the profile policies which affect entrepreneurial performance. The correlation between political factors and entrepreneurship can lead to increased employment and reduced unemployment (Parker, 2009). In addition, the current crises caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and the war in Ukraine are affecting the economic environment, implicitly entrepreneurship, in the EU Member States. Therefore, through this paper we want to identify the problems underlying the development of entrepreneurship interconnected with the labour market in the EU, and to outline the prospects of entrepreneurship-labour market construct.

THE EVALUATION OF PUBLIC AIDS TO BUSINESS ENTITIES DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC: A SOAR ANALYSIS

Author(s): Jarmila Duháček Šebestová / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The objective of the article is to evaluate, based on primary research, the effectiveness of the public aid of the entities during Covid-19 pandemic within their activity to be supported or, on the contrary, stopped the operation. At the same time, a proposal is made to evaluate the effectiveness of these supports from the point of view of business entities and public administration using SOAR analysis. The results showed that blanket support is not that effective, and a dialogue is necessary, which can be opened precisely with the help of the national recovery plan, when it was calculated that there could be an improvement from 38% to 76.25 in 2027.

ВЛИЯНИЕ НА РАБОТОДАТЕЛСКАТА МАРКА, КАТО МАРКЕТИНГОВ ИНСТРУМЕНТ, ВЪРХУ УПРАВЛЕНИЕТО НА ЧОВЕШКИТЕ РЕСУРСИ И ПРЕДСТАВЯНЕТО НА ФИРМИ ОТ ХВП В ПОСТ-КОВИД ПЕРИОД, 2021-2023

Author(s): Desislava Dineva,Valentina Nikolova-Alexieva / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The publication presents a sample of research on the impact of the employer brand as a marketing tool on the behavior of human resources /attraction, turnover and their subsequent retention/ and on the market performance of companies in a period of recovery after the Covid-pandemic and in particular with an emphasis on their reciprocal response in the conditions of and after clearly defined risk circumstances and uncertainty for the business. The research was conducted among 55 enterprises from the food industry in Bulgaria and covers the period 2021-2023. Enterprises are grouped according to various characteristics, such as enterprise size (small, medium, large), branch of the food industry – dairy, meat, bakery, etc. and geographic region of the country. The study is carried out under the assumption that the performance of the business with a well-developed and strong employer brand will be positively influenced by it.

Wpływ przyjętej polityki rachunkowości na wyniki analizy finansowej – decyzje jednostek w warunkach niepewności

Author(s): Zofia Wierzbińska,Marek Wierzbiński / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The purpose of this paper is to present the impact of the adopted accounting policy and its impact through the financial statements on the results of the financial analysis—by influencing the base data used in this analysis. The issues presented in the paper are issues in the area of individuals’ decision-making allowed by law—and they still provide the entity with tools to improve its “financial image”. Deliberate, aggressive data distortions would have a far-reaching impact.

Rentowność przedsiębiorstw w warunkach niepewności – analiza z wykorzystaniem sieci neuronowych

Author(s): Dawid Szutowski / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The purpose of this chapter is to identify the effects of the selected macroeconomic variables on the profitability of enterprises. A neural network, specifically a multilayer perceptron, was used to analyse the data. The input layer included three macroeconomic variables (unemployment rate, real disposable income and wages), and the output layer included the target variable, i.e. net return on assets (ROA). Sensitivity analysis was also performed. The study used data for almost 6,300 enterprises representing 21 sections specified in the Polish Classification of Activities. The analysis indicated that the most important variable in the context of shaping ROA is the dynamics of the average monthly gross real wage in the national economy. The second most important factor is the unemployment rate, and the least important is the dynamics of gross real disposable income. The paper attempts to fill the research gap concerning the effects of macroeconomic variables on company profitability.

Przyczyny i skutki zatorów płatniczych w przedsiębiorstwach w sektorze B2B w Polsce i krajach europejskich

Author(s): Agata Sierpińska-Sawicz / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The aim of the article was to analyse overdue invoice payments that generate payment backlogs and their economic consequences. Based on the data taken from the European Payment Index Reports, the analysed period was divided into two sub-periods: 2016–2019 and 2020–May 2023. The level of payment backlogs in the first period was mainly affected by internal factors—instruments of the trade credit policy, such as dates and forms of invoice payment and precautions undertaken against the risk of loss of receivables. From 2020, the increase in payment backlogs was caused by macro factors such as the economic situation, the level of inflation and interest rates or exchange rate policy. The negative effects of payment backlogs, such as additional costs of penalty interest, debt collection costs, deterioration of financial liquidity, loss of income, problems with staying on the market, limited implementation of innovations and development, redundancies and the lack of new hires after 2020 have clearly intensified. On a macro scale, they will be one of the causes of the economic slowdown.

Religia jako czynnik kulturowy a rozwój rachunkowości w wybranych państwach azjatyckich

Author(s): Małgorzata Czerny / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The chapter presents the influence of belief systems (religion) as a cultural factor on the development of accounting in Indonesia, India and China. Contrary to appearances, this influence is not limited only to the development of a specific system of economic ethics in terms of Weber’s theory, so into accounting ethics. The chapter present show belief systems determine the attitudes and the needs of stakeholders, so also the scope of information provided by accounting, the rank of accounting principles, the scope of disclosures, as well as the development of, among others, accounting and controlling techniques. To illustrate this process, Asian countries that are economically developed and religiously diverse (Hinduism, Buddhism, Confucianism, Islam) were selected.

Grzeszne spółki: synteza 15 lat badań teoretycznych i empirycznych

Author(s): Paweł Niszczota / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

In the narrowest sense, sin stocks are shares in companies engaged in the production of alcohol, tobacco, or gambling. Starting with the article by Hong and Kacperczyk (2009), they have been attracting an increasing interest from researchers. In this article, I attempt to synthesize recent theoretical and empirical work on morally controversial companies, by presenting (1) differences in the way sin stocks are defined, (2) work on estimating the sin stock premium, (3) determinants of propensity to invest in sin stocks, and (4) studies analysing selected cases in which sinful investments can be perceived differently. These could include (a) delegating investment decisions to fund managers who have behaved nobly in the past, (b) delegating decisions to algorithms, and (c) short-selling sin stocks. Additionally, I present several potential directions for researchers interested in sin stocks.

Finanse ewolucyjne

Author(s): Paweł Kliber / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

In the article we present an evolutionary approach to the theory of finance, which becomes more and more popular in the recent years. This approach, known as ‘evolutionary finance’, differs from both the classical financial theory, based on the general equilibrium theory, and the more recent behavioural approach. As the behavioural approach, the evolutionary finance takes into account financial behaviours of real agents, which very often differ much from the ones proposed by the classical theory. But evolutionary finance (unlike the behavioural approach) also tries to provide explanations of these behaviours. These explanations provide an analysis of processes of historical evolution or some evolution-like processes (i.e. the processes that share the same mechanismas the biological evolution). In the chapter, we provide a brief overview of literature connected with this topic.

Продължаващо образование и обучение за устойчив европейски пазар на труда

Author(s): Mariya Neycheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

Recent data shows that in Europe the overqualification rate is 22% in 2022, on average. In some countries, such as Spain and Greece, it hits more than 30%. The high extent of education-job mismatch creates long-run problems for labor market’s sustainability and economic growth, taking into account its negative impact on individuals, wages and efficiency of public finances. Lifelong learning is one of the potential tools to tackle this problem since it equips the workforce with up-to-date knowledge and skills. With regard to that, the purpose of the present study is to find a relationship between the participation in continuing training and the rate of overeducation in the European countries. The estimation methods comprise correlation analysis and non-parametric testing. Both methods lead to similar outcomes. It appears that the more active involvement in different forms of formal and non-formal training is associated with a lower degree of overqualification of the labor force having completed upper secondary education. The study is financed by 27 the project titled Attitude of Bulgarian Entrepreneurs and Managers towards Continuing Vocational Education and Training of Organization’s Human Resources (ABECVET), contract KП-06-H65/12, Bulgarian National Science Fund (BNSF).

Основни елементи на комуникациите при управлението на проекти

Author(s): Daryan Boykov,Milka Nanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

Project communications management is a series of processes required to plan, generate, collect, distribute, store, retrieve, manage, control, monitor and ultimately dispose of project information in a timely and appropriate manner. Communication is considered one of the most important skills a project manager should possess. Project managers spend almost all the time during the project communicating. Communication management is the process of overseeing information transfer in all directions (up, down, horizontal or diagonal), which can be formal or informal. The implementation of the project depends directly on the project manager and his competence in communication management. Researchers claim that "effective communication creates a bridge between the different stakeholders involved in the project, bridging different cultural and organizational environments, different levels of expertise, and different perspectives and interests in the project's implementation or outcome". Effective project communications implies that the right information is transformed to the right addressee, appearing most cost-effectively at the right time. These prerequisites are imperative for the success of the project. Effective project communications mean the execution (transmission, reception, decoding, understanding) of the necessary information. On the other hand, project communication is understood as the exchange of information with the aim of building coherence between project stakeholders. The term "project communication" refers to all aspects of communication in a project: both external and internal communication, written, oral and interpersonal, planned and unregulated.

IMPROVEMENT OF TEXTILE MATERIALS CONSUMER PROPERTIES THROUGH THE USAGE OF NATURAL DYES FROM WASTE OF CONIFEROUS PLAIN

Author(s): Irina Krotova,Vladimir Boev / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The relevance of the results is due to the need to solve a set of problems related to both the expansion of the range of marketable products obtained from waste from coniferous plants and the reduction of environmental damage to the environment by wood processing enterprises. A process for the extraction of a complex of coloring substances from the bark of larch, fir and Siberian spruce was developed and implemented in laboratory conditions with an environmentally safe and cheap solvent – water. The modes of concentration and drying of natural dyes without loss of their color characteristics and other consumer properties have been developed. The possibility of using the obtained dyes for dyeing both natural and synthetic fibers is shown. The study of their biocidal activity in relation to sanitary indicative microorganisms made it possible to create textile materials with bactericidal properties.

MEAT AND MEAT PRODUCTS AS SOURCES OF PARASITIC INFECTIONS FOR 2012-2021

Author(s): Kalina Stoyanova,Tatyana Cvetkova,Jaklina Cvetkova / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

УТАЙКИ ОТ ПРЕЧИСТВАТЕЛНИТЕ СТАНЦИИ ЗА ОТПАДЪЧНИ ВОДИ (ПСОВ) – УПРАВЛЕНСКИ ПРАКТИКИ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ ЗА ИЗПОЛЗВАНЕТО ИМ В ЗЕМЕДЕЛИЕТО

Author(s): Lilia Ananieva-Zlateva / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

Modern societies face serious global environmental problems related to the environmental impact arising from the processes of production and consumption of goods and services. Economic growth as a factor necessitates the development of strategies for managing processes related to the prevention and protection of the environment from harmful influences, on the one hand, and efficient use of natural resources, on the other.Object of the present report research is the sludge from the wastewater treatment plants (WWTP), as the elaboration affects aspects of their management and the possibilities for their subsequent utilization in the agriculture.The purpose of this report is, based on an analysis of the current situation in the management of sludge from wastewater treatment plants (WWTP), on one side, and based on modern practices of their utilization, on the other, to identify the possibilities for their subsequent application in Bulgarian agriculture.In accordance with the purpose that is set, a descriptive-analytical method will be used for the report elaboration, through which an overview of the sector will be made, as well as the current practices for the utilization of WWTP sludge in agriculture in the countries of the European Union. The analysis can support stakeholders in developing sustainable strategies applicable to the conditions for both sectors development, in the context of the circular economy principle.

THE TEXTILE INDUSTRY IN BULGARIA

Author(s): Radoslav Radev,Velichka Marinova / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The Changing Globalization: What Possible Changes for European Companies?

Author(s): Iskra Christova-Balkanska / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Globalization has given rise to new forms of production and trade, which have found expression in the fragmentation of production processes within Global Value Chains (GVCs). The European Union is an open economy and the European single market, European GVCs oriented their investments, not only in Southeast Asia and mainly China, but they localize industries in geographically close regions, as Central and East European (CEE) countries. The EU CEE member states were bound by production and trade value chains and they became part of the international trade. Recently, the pandemic crisis related to COVID-19 changed the structure and the organization of GVCs and they followed (albeit more slowly) to strengthen the broken connections and productions. The EU faces new challenges in relation to rising inflation and rising economic and political risk factors. Questions are being asked about the future economic and political power stance in the world and how it would affect European companies and the EU‘s goals towards a digitalized and green economy.

Continuing Training of Bulgarian Managers and Entrepreneurs

Author(s): Mariya Neycheva / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Vocation training of managers has a positive impact on profitability, productivity, and staff retention. Moreover, it makes managers aware of the significance of learning for employees’ satisfaction and motivation. The present paper focuses on determinants of company’s investments in continuing training of managers/entrepreneurs. The empirical analysis is based on a survey of Bulgarian companies located in the southeastern and southwestern part of the country. The results highlight the role of internal environment for involvement in management training. The likelihood for training is higher for larger companies and also for those with R&D and innovations. The focus on human resources development as well as the learning-oriented culture is important. Additionally, the output implies that the lack of trainers with expertise corresponding to the specific company needs is a major determinant of underinvestments in staff training in Bulgaria. These results have practical implications for the government policy for stimulating the firm investments in lifelong learning.

Structural Changes and Convergent Processes of Employment in Bulgaria and Romania

Author(s): Silvia Gospodinova / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The report analyzes the structure and convergent processes of employment in the Bulgarian and Romanian economies for the period 2000-2020, and examines the dynamics of relative shares and rates of change for the respective period. In order to quantitatively measure the degree of convergence/divergence, a divergence index and a difference index were calculated, comparisons with other EU countries with similar characteristics were used, and some possible explanations and consequences of the structural changes that took place were also derived. Overall, the results show a slow process of convergence of the sectoral structure of employment of the Bulgarian and Romanian economies with that of the Eurozone, which continues throughout the period, regardless of some specifics before and after the global recession.