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MODÉLISATION BPMN POUR LA CONSTRUCTION D'UN WORKFLOW DE TRAITEMENT DES RÉCLAMATIONS CLIENTS

Author(s): Ben Rhouma Zied,Boujelbene Younes / Language(s): French Issue: 2/2022

The major problems of a business are not usually related to an individual's fault, but to a bad organization. Reducing defects is a challenge to achieve. The ISO 9001 provides a set of requirements, especially for the handling of customer complaints that could help the company to solve the problem of the complexity of their treatments. This article consists in building a workflow mechanism that can introduce the dimensions of time, responsibilities and time needed to further comply with the normative requirements of quality management. The specifications of deployed workflow scenarios have been defined in 'BPMN' specifically to address the complexity of managing the customer complaint process and handling non-compliance. The ASDIM approach used transforms most of the requirements of the ISO 9001: 2015 standard into an activity diagram that encompasses the required actions described in this standard to handle customer complaints through computer-based and executable business process reengineering

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AGING SOCIETY, THE ENVIRONMENT, AND OPTIMAL TAXATION

Author(s): Fatma Safi,Ben Hassen Lobna / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

Most current investigations have recognized the social and economic effects of population aging, whereas its environmental effects are largely neglected. We consider in this paper overlapping generations economies with pollution arising from consumption activities to examine the impact of aging on environmental quality. Moreover, we compare the competitive equilibrium steady state to the optimal steady state from the social planner's perspective. The key findings are as follows. First, physical capital and environmental conditions positively depend on longevity. The effect of a lower rate of population growth on capital is negative, while its effect on the environment relies on the value of the capital’s share of output. Second, the competitive equilibrium is dynamically inefficient when there are negative externalities that characterize the model. Finally, two types of tax scheme are designed, one founded on consumption conditioned on age taxes and the other founded on savings and consumption taxes, for the purpose of correcting the market failure and reaching the social optimum.

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CAPITALIZATION OF HUMAN SKILLS AND COMPETENCIES – AN EXPLORATORY MODEL

Author(s): Zahia Bouzida,Nadir Malek,Souhila Ghomari / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

The paper aims to synthesize the lessons learned from the analysis of the ISO 9001 quality management system standard. The objective is twofold: first, to understand the role of human capital in the conduct and success of an innovation project within a company, and secondly, to explain the simultaneous effect of this dynamic on the emergence of innovative behaviors. An exploratory study is established with the personnel of the first ISO certified company in Algeria and the proposed hypotheses are tested by the partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-sem) method. Analysis of the results show that by acting on certain mechanisms, these standards can be assimilated to a catalog of data that can be utilized to encourage and promote the construction and development of skills and competencies. The findings allow us to better understand the nature of the relationship that may exist between skills management and the quality approach.

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Food Waste Prevention Solutions in the Annual Reports of European Companies

Author(s): Cătălina Gorgan,Ionela – Corina Chersan,Voicu D. Dragomir,Mădălina Dumitru / Language(s): English Issue: 60/2022

Food waste is a social, environmental, and economic challenge today. The European Union’s Green Deal demands tackling this problem. Our research question is: “What are the solutions regarding food waste prevention across the companies’ supply chain?” The mixed research method consisted of content and thematic analysis. We collected information from the reports published by European food companies that have joined the Green Deal and the Farm to Fork Strategy. The data were structured using a theoretical model in which we integrated ten essential stages of the food chain. The findings show that most of the information is reported for the manufacturing/production stage. Although transfer to landfill is unavoidable in supply chains, organizations make substantial efforts to reduce the proportion of food waste. The methods applied by food companies are inspired by European regulations regarding environmental protection. Our research identifies solutions brought about by the Green Deal on food waste prevention.

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The Impact of Green Marketing on the Consumers’ Intention to Buy Green Products in the Context of the Green Deal

Author(s): Lavinia Denisia Cuc,Corina Pelau,Silviu Gabriel Szentesi,Grigorie Sanda / Language(s): English Issue: 60/2022

To counteract the negative effects of environmental degradation and climate change, in the European Union, a set of measures and policies has been developed under the name of the Green Deal, which aims to develop a competitive and resource-efficient economy. For these measures to be sustainable, it is important to have green marketing to promote green consumption and an environmentally friendly attitude. The aim of this paper is to determine the empirical relation between the instruments of green marketing and the ecological behavior and attitude of consumers and the impact it has on the future intention to buy green products. The results of a structural equation model show that although product and communication policies are more closely associated with green marketing, digital tools have the greatest impact on green behavior. Their easy way of use has side effects on ecological behavior. A mediation model empirically demonstrates that the willingness to buy green products, the environmentally oriented lifestyle, and the willingness to pay more for green products mediate the relationship between the current ecological behavior and the intention to buy green products in the future.

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The Impact of Pesticide and Fertiliser Use on Agricultural Productivity in the Context of the “Farm To Fork” Strategy in Romania and the European Union

Author(s): Cosmin Dobrin,Elena-Oana Croitoru,Ruxandra Dinulescu,Irinel Marin / Language(s): English Issue: 60/2022

One of the main pillars of the European Green Pact is the “Farm to Fork” strategy. Launched in May 2020, this strategy aims to build sustainable agri-food production and distribution processes. The aim of this research is to estimate the impact of inorganic pesticide and fertiliser use on agricultural productivity and the economy at the national and European level in the context of the implementation of the “Farm to Fork” strategy. The current study outlines two models of analysis that will estimate the correlation between a possible 50% decrease in pesticide use and a 20% decrease in fertiliser use, and the level of agricultural productivity in European countries and, implicitly, Romania. The originality of the paper lies in the research method used, based on computable general equilibrium modelling, whose results were adjusted with a coefficient obtained by statistical analysis of agricultural productivity from 1991-2019. The results obtained show that the implementation of the strategy regarding the decrease in pesticides and fertilisers will not negatively influence the agricultural productivity of Romania. In addition, the amount of pesticides and fertilisers used in Romania is lower than the European average.

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The European Consumers' Preferences for Organic Food in the Context of the European Green Deal

Author(s): Bogdan Chiripuci,Maria-Floriana Popescu,Marius Constantin / Language(s): English Issue: 60/2022

As an integral part of the United Nation’s 2030 Agenda, implementing the European Green Deal is vital to ensure food security and transform food chains into a sustainable model. On the one hand, it enables the gradual abandonment of intensive agriculture and, on the other hand, it supports the responsible consumption of agri-food products and develops the consumer culture toward the appreciation of organic foods. The European Green Deal involves convergence at the member state level towards the sustainable transition of food systems to the new European model of resilience: circular, environmental, and socio-economic efficiency. The success of food chain transformation depends on many factors, including the level of development of the food system, the consumer profile, factors related to politics, and others. Based on these considerations, this research aimed to study the preferences of European consumers for organic food based on various sociodemographic variables such as age, gender, and nationality. In this regard, data on consumer preferences for organic food were extracted from the Meta platform and statistically analyzed in line with the research objective. This article provides input to the scientific literature in the field by justifying a differentiated approach to implementing the European Green Deal, depending on the consumer profile, in close connection with the variables analyzed. Their impact on shaping consumer preferences for organic food is of particular importance at the European level, which is why the implementation of the European Green Deal must be carried out in line with the specific characteristics of each Member State, with a differentiated focus on each consumer profile. The results of this empirical study confirm the need to develop strategies to raise awareness of the socioeconomic and environmental benefits of consuming organic food, especially among certain types of consumers more reluctant about their own impact on transforming the food chain to a more sustainable model by intensifying the consumption of organic food.

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The Impact of the “Green Transition” in the Field of Food Packaging on the Behavior of Romanian Consumers

Author(s): Alexandru Jurconi,Ioana Maria Popescu (Iacobescu),Daniela Ioana Manea,Mihaela Mihai,Rodica Pamfilie / Language(s): English Issue: 60/2022

Sustainability has become one of the constant concerns of active participants in the food chain: producers, traders, consumers, and regulators. The paper aims to identify consumers' perceptions of the use of sustainable food packaging, in an exploratory survey of a sample of 280 respondents, knowing the importance of recycling to create a healthy and sustainable environment. The relevance of the research derives from the need to know the behavior of consumers in a certain geographical area, with regard to the aspects related to the recycling and sustainability of packaging. This is a component of green marketing that involves the management of activities related to the reconsideration of products and production processes, as well as the use of eco-sustainable packaging. The validation of the research hypotheses was done with methods of non-parametric analysis of the interdependencies between the identified variables, the results obtained highlighting the need to study this issue on a representative sample, using a more complex questionnaire. 81% of the study respondents identified as the main benefit for the use of sustainable packaging the possibility of living in a less polluted environment, an essential component of the development of ecological and sustainable food systems, being identified in the ability of producers and traders to communicate the placement on the market of sustainable packaging for marketed products.

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Bibliometric Analysis of the Green Deal Policies in the Food Chain

Author(s): Dorin Popescu,Adriana Dima,Elena Radu,Ecaterina Milica Dobrotă,Victor Marian Dumitrache / Language(s): English Issue: 60/2022

Nutrition concerns and food waste are a priority for the European Union, and the implementation of Green Pact policies is of major interest to all those involved in the food chain sector. The main purpose of this paper is to conduct an in-depth analysis of scientific production using bibliometrics, to understand the current structure of studies and future research directions on Green Deal policies in the food chain. 672 documents published between 2000 and 2021 were identified in the Web of Science database. Their scientific content was analysed using VOSviewer software on several levels: descriptive analysis, performance analysis, and scientific mapping from a conceptual, intellectual, and social perspective. In addition, to determine research gaps, the 10 most relevant and influential papers are analysed and synthesized. The most productive countries in terms of scientific output are Italy, India, and the USA, the peak being reached in 2021, and the main field approached is environmental sciences. Most of the articles analysed are reviews, highlighting gaps in primary research on Green Deal policies in the food industry. In this regard, several future research directions in the field are proposed.

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Examination of differences in using marketing tools in the management of SMEs in the Visegrád Group countries

Author(s): Jaroslav Belas,Beata Gavurova,Lenka Novotna,Luboš Smrčka / Language(s): English Issue: 60/2022

The main aim of the study is to examine the differences in the use of the marketing tools in the management of small and medium-sized enterprises in the Visegrád Group (V4) countries. The research was carried out via questionnaires, which were distributed to small and medium-sized firms in 2020. We obtained 1585 observations, which comprised the answers of business owners and managers. Binary logistic regression was used to process the data. Currently, firms rarely use the classic tools of the marketing mix. These tools are used to a minimal extent in construction and services. Proactive tools of the marketing mix are mostly used in transportation and retailing, and the least in manufacturing, construction, tourism, and other areas of business. Online marketing tools are mostly used in retailing, tourism, and services, and are less used in agriculture, construction, and transportation. The analysis results confirmed the differences in using the marketing mix tools depending on the age of the firm, the age of managers vs. entrepreneurs, and gender. The study results provide valuable information for creators of marketing conceptions, and for creators of regional and national development strategies. Similarly, these results encourage the creation of new marketing concepts and methodologies to evaluate their economic effects on firms and society.

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Knowledge and Skill Sets for Big Data Professions: Analysis of Recruitment Information Based on The Latent Dirichlet Allocation Model

Author(s): Aiting Xu,Yu-Chen Wu,Feina Meng,Shengying Xu,Yuhan Zhu / Language(s): English Issue: 60/2022

Universities, enterprises, and students are the key subjects in the talent training system of Big Data. This study used text mining, interviews, questionnaires, and other methods to analyze the characteristics and deficiencies of Chinese universities in the training of Big Data talents, the requirements of enterprises on the professional quality of big data talents, and the cognition of students on the ability of big data talents. Furthermore, this study used the theory of plan-action-inspection-action cycle to evaluate the talent cultivation and quality management system of Big Data in China. The results showed that employees with rich professional background and proficiency in multiple programming languages are more favored by enterprises in recruitment. From the perspective of students, 83% of students hope that universities will implement the multi-disciplinary training model. From the perspective of talent training, more Chinese universities should open up the mode of interdisciplinary talent training. The results, based on pair-to-body comparisons, showed that students and businesses differ in skills. Secondly, most of the graduates think that the training of talents in universities needs to be improved. Furthermore, the training system of most universities is not suitable for the versatile talents that today’s enterprises need.

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Analysis of Non-tax Revenue: Evidence from the European Union

Author(s): Volkan Yurdadoğ,Neslihan Coşkun Karadağ,Murat Albayrak,Oguzhan Bozatli / Language(s): English Issue: 60/2022

The challenges states face in reducing government expenditures under certain budget constraints are putting pressure on states to increase their revenues. Given that taxation also has a limit, the importance of non-tax revenues (NTR) in financing growing government expenditures increases day by day. In this sense, our study first analyzes the historical and theoretical foundations of NTR in the European Union (EU). Subsequently, from 1995 to 2018, NTR's determinants and their interrelationships were analyzed using panel data analysis and panel causality methods. The findings point to statistically significant and robust effects of general and central government expenditures (except local government expenditures), tax revenues, and GDP on the NTR. According to panel causality results, there is unidirectional causality from independent variables (General, Central and Local Government Expenditure, Tax Revenue, GDP) to NTR, and unidirectional causality from NTR to independent variables (except GDP). In other words, there is bidirectional causality between NTR and independent variables, except for GDP.

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Romanian Agri-Food Businesses and the European Green Deal: An Exploratory Approach

Author(s): Călin Vegheş,Andreea Strâmbu-Dima / Language(s): English Issue: 60/2022

The increase of the concentration of greenhouse gases and global warming are the main problems that the European Commission is trying to solve by proposing the Green Deal, but the well-being of agri-food businesses is influenced, next to the ecologic factors, by the social and economic factors such as maintaining competitive pricing, especially when competing with agri-food businesses that are not affected by the European sustainability measures, and consumers’ interest in buying sustainable products. Analysing the current state of knowledge and carrying out a qualitative exploratory research among the agri-food organizations in Romania, the coordinates of the Romanian agri-food market and a series of its peculiarities were outlined. The research results show that there is a positive perception regarding the opportunity to implement the Green Deal’s measures and suggest using a strategic matrix to facilitate their adoption in the context of current economic and social transformations.

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Good Practices in Reforming the Common Agricultural Policy to Support the European Green Deal – A Perspective on the Consumption of Pesticides and Fertilizers

Author(s): Alina Petronela Alexoaei,Raluca Georgiana Robu,Valentin Cojanu,Dumitru Miron,Ana-Maria Holobiuc / Language(s): English Issue: 60/2022

Against the background of the goals of the European Green Deal to reduce the use of pesticides by 50% and fertilizers by 20% by 2030, the current analysis aims to: (1) identify key economic, institutional, and legislative levers that can play an important role in the agricultural specialization of the EU according to the European Green Deal and the reform of the Common Agricultural Policy; (2) analyze representative variables of the European agricultural environment during the 2000-2019 period concerning the alignment of Member States with the objectives of the Green Deal and the overall performance of the agricultural sector; (3) present a set of good practices to reduce the use of fertilizers and pesticides in agricultural systems based on the documentation of the impact of these substances on human health and the environment. The results show that available agricultural solutions, in line with the objectives of the Green Deal and the Common Agricultural Policy, are effective in practice. Our findings can help define national sustainable production policies and develop practical measures for farmers and companies in the agricultural industry.

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A conceptual model of consumer intention to continue buying eco-labeled products

Author(s): Alexandra Perju-Mitran,Elisabeta Andreea Budacia,Lucian Constantin Gabriel Budacia,Marian-Florin Busuioc / Language(s): English Issue: 60/2022

The study of eco-labeled product purchasing behavior usually starts from a multidisciplinary set of fundamental theories and models depending on the approach towards the ecological behavior of the consumer. The proposed conceptual model is based on quantitative research on the intention of consumers to continue to buy eco-labeled goods for personal use. The model is analyzed using the structural equation modeling (SEM) technique, based on variance analysis, on a sample of 587 respondents. The analysis process consisted of two distinct stages, evaluating the accuracy of measurements, and testing the hypotheses. The conformity of the model was validated by studying its specific indicators. The 17 study hypotheses were tested by path coefficient analysis within the structural model, as well as the postulated moderating effect. Based on the conformity indices obtained, the model has good predictive and explanatory capacity. The only hypothesis refuted is the relationship between consumers’ perception of personal effectiveness and their intention to continue buying eco-labeled products. This relationship was not verified at the chosen significance threshold of .01. By analyzing the indirect and total effects, we demonstrated the existence of certain beliefs that directly influence consumers’ intention to continue buying eco-labeled products. The influence is also indirect through other variables such as perceived trust and perceived usefulness. The existence of a statistically significant effect from variables on an indirect path (expectations confirmation, ease of use of the ecolabel in purchasing eco-products) was also demonstrated. The explanatory and predictive capacity of the intention to continue buying eco-labeled products was increased by validating the proposed model.

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Good Practices on Reducing Food Waste Throughout the Food Supply Chain

Author(s): Mirela Stanciu,Agatha Popescu,Iuliana Antonie,Camelia Sava,Bogdan Gabriel Nistoreanu / Language(s): English Issue: 60/2022

Research to identify initiatives to reduce food waste (FW) in Romania is quite limited, and existing studies at the European and international level have highlighted the need to promote models of good practice that can be multiplied on a large scale. In this context, the aim of the paper is to highlight good practices for preventing and reducing food waste in the EU and in Romania, so that different organizations and decision makers can develop better interventions in this regard. The best practices for preventing and reducing FW identified and presented in the paper refer to: the use of digital technology, projects and platforms, organizations involved in volunteering, food banks, mobile applications, social innovation, corporate social entrepreneurship, education, and public awareness. The paper also identified the determinants of food waste, encountered at the end of the food supply chain FSC (Food Supply Chain), as well as good practices to prevent and reduce it, to make it available to organizations, authorities, and households a wide range of models that can be implemented internationally and in Romania as well.

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Managerial Strategies to Curtail Workplace Induced Accidents in Small to Medium Enterprses (SMEs) in The Construction Industry in Masvingo Urban, Zimbabwe

Author(s): Takupiwa Nyanga / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

Health and safety issues are fast becoming established fundamental antecedents in the development, survival and growth of Small to Medium enterprises (SMEs) throughout the globe. The study sought to find out the main causes of workplace related accidents in SMEs in the construction industry. Furthermore, the study sought to establish managerial strategies employed by SMEs in the construction industry to curb workplace related accidents and also to develop a good health and safety culture in their employees. A quantitative research approach was utilised with closed ended questionnaire being used as the main data collection instrument. A multiple descriptive case study was used to carry out this study. Data was collected from a sample of 100 (Female-20; male-80), drawn from SMEs in the construction industry in Masvingo urban. Data analysis was done using the Statistical package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 21 and Microsoft Excel. The study established that the main precipitators of accidents at workplaces are inappropriate machinery and equipment, inadequate awareness campaigns, failure to put danger warning signage, inadequate and inappropriate personal protective equipment. The strategies that can be employed to curb workplace accidents in the construction industry are giving workers incentives for not involved in accidents, safety meetings before work start, effective communication system, and employee participation on safety issues, training and development, creation of a safety committee and designing a good and effective layout.

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Investigating Factors That Influencing Repurchase Intention: Case Study in Beverage Manufacturing Industry

Author(s): Claudia Severesia,Prio Utomo,Friska Natalia / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

The food and beverages industry is one of the most contributing sectors for Indonesian economic growth. It is a profitable business to invest in, due to the development of the Indonesian population. However, the competition in the market is inevitable; thus, companies need to generate strategies of differentiation to retain the customers. One crucial thing in maintaining customer loyalty is to have good management in customer experience. Customer experience was mainly discussed in the Business to Customer (B2C) sector but limitedly explored in the Business to Business (B2B) sector. Customer satisfaction can directly affect and predict customer repurchase intention and customer loyalty. Repurchase intention is crucial in the B2B industry because the buying process in the B2B industry is a rational decision, and it costs more to deal with the new customers than keeping customers already had. Therefore, current research is focused on customer experience; value, loyalty, and satisfaction on repurchase intention in one beverage manufacturing company in Indonesia whose market focus is on the B2B sector. Quantitative research was conducted on July 13th, 2021, to August 5th, 2021 using the availability sampling method and obtained 85 respondents who are the customers of the beverage manufacturing company in Indonesia. Data was analyzed using PLS-SEM (Partial Least Square – Structural Equation Modelling) method. This study shows that 78.2% of repurchase intention is explained and significantly affected by the variables discussed in the research. Customer satisfaction is more likely to affect the repurchase intention. However, customer value has no significant effect on repurchase intention. Therefore, it is hoped that this study will give insights to B2B organization managers to set their marketing strategy.

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Corporate Governance Traits and Corporate Risk Reporting of Listed Nigerian Financial Services Firms

Author(s): Tirimisiyu Kunle Lasisi / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

The study used an ex-post facto research design to determine the effect of corporate governance traits on the corporate risk reporting of Nigerian publicly traded financial services firms. The population of research was comprised of all fifty-two (52) publicly traded financial services companies in Nigeria as at October 2021. To sample thirty-nine (39) publicly traded financial services companies, a judgmental sampling approach was used. Secondary data was taken from annual reports and financial statements of selected Nigerian publicly traded financial services companies for five (5) fiscal years covering 2015-2019 and analyzed using multiple regression analysis. The findings demonstrate a favorable association between the size of the board of directors and corporate risk reporting by Nigerian financial businesses. While independent directors and board gender have no effect on the corporate risk reporting of Nigerian financial services companies. Board activity and profitability have an inverse relationship with corporate risk reporting of Nigerian financial firms. Finally, the research establishes a positive correlation between business size and financial services companies' corporate risk reporting in Nigeria. It is recommended that the regulatory bodies formulate laws relating to risk governance that will enhance corporate risk reporting in Nigeria. Also, the number of independent and female directors should be increased so as to have more influence on decisions that can increase risk reporting transparency.

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The Influence of Self-Efficacy in Ethical Consideration and Decision-Making Processes

Author(s): Nsini Anselem Eyo,Nurul Ain Mohd Hasan / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2021

The study explores factors influencing PR practitioners’ ethical consideration in decision-making process. In line with the theoretical approach of self-efficacy, practitioner’s performances emanate from individual self-efficacy aligned with organization culture and objectives. Thus, self-efficacy inspires individual behavior based upon their belief and capacity to execute or perform actions essential to produce expected results. Based on 20 semi-structured interviews with Malaysian PR practitioners, questions were based on a set of collected and collated reviews of the literature as well as guided by responsible advocacy theory and self-efficacy theory to facilitate the interview process. Data from the interviews were transcribed, coded, and thematically analyzed. Findings of the study indicate that organizational interest, goals, and business focus, corporate politics, boss-influenced clients or stakeholder pressure and practitioners’ personal values were influential factors affecting practitioner’s ethical and decision-making dispositions. Further findings showed that the level of discretions practitioners processed in decision-making process is based on a combination of internal factors like organization business focus and external factors like client needs and pressure. Given that practitioners are bounded by organization laws as employees; it is recommended that independent bodies be put in place other than national public relations associations to serve as a regulator over unethical practices and protection of practitioners against corporate powers.

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