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"16+1" Format - Role in Geopolitical Strategy of PRC

Author(s): Nako R. Stefanov / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2018

In the latest years the “16+1” Format is becoming more and more important for the Central and Eastern Europe countries. Although at the very beginning the format “16+1” has not been considered an important initiative from geopolitical and even from economic point of view at the background of “One Belt One Road” (OBOR) Geostrategic Strategy it began to acquire the features of geo-strategic scheme. The current progress within the “16+1” Format has exposed the challenges China is facing in its attempt to shape a concrete framework for cooperation on OBOR. Brussels is concerned about China cooperation with the CEE countries. This suspicion hinders cooperation between China and the CEE countries. Such cold war mentality needs proactively respond.

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"Balast” wiedzy: wiedza niechciana w zarządzaniu z perspektywy jednostki i organizacji

Author(s): Marta Moczulska,Renata Winkler / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2018

The purpose of this paper is to consider issues related to the little-known problem in the area of knowledge management. This problem is the “burden” of knowledge (unwanted knowledge). In pursuing the aim of this paper, the following issues were discussed: the issue of action, knowledge in the organization in the context of cooperation and the effectiveness of actions.

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"Employee of the Month" in Romania: a Study on Perceptions

Author(s): Sabina Irimie,Bianca Armean / Language(s): English Issue: 5/2012

An important and complex problem of labor economics in general and of human resource management in particular, is to effectively motivate employees. At the current juncture, under the spectrum of economic crisis, the controversies of theoretical and practical interest such as the importance of the money, the relationship between motivation, satisfaction and performance at work, are more pronounced and more focused on non-financial forms of motivation. At least in part, this is because the usual ways of saving costs in today's organizations seem to aim primarily the expenses on staff (wages, rewards, training funds and so on). In this context, the paper aims to highlight the perceptions of employees on the program "Employee of the Month", as it was implemented in a Romanian organization (in a hybrid approach, combining monetary rewards and recognition awards specific to most common forms of program). Thus, the main results of our study reflect the opinions of people involved in this program, and allow us to sketch some possible changes based on the feedback from employees, in order to further improve the effectiveness of the program.

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"FINTECH" as a digital dimension of stable development

Author(s): Mariya Rippa,Serhiy Rippa / Language(s): English Issue: 49/2021

The subject of the article is a study of the formation, development and implementation of Fintech technologies in the context of ideologies of sustainable development and innovation DeFi (Decentralized Finance) [6], caused by the intensification of large-scale digital economy and global digitalization of all spheres of production and services. blockchain and prospects for the spread of the Internet of Things (IoT) in combination with artificial intelligence (AI). Results of work. Features of chronology and joint course of epochs of industrial evolution together with stages of development of the financial technologies based on a combination and integration of so-called, drivers of "Fintech for sustainable development" (FT4SD) are designated and characterized. The toolbox of FT4SD is shown to be a triad of blockchain, AI and IoT, which together provide a synergistic effect of "decentralized finance", creating a virtually unlimited investment resource for technological innovation in the digital economy within the processes of sustainable development. Conclusions. Despite the difficult economic and epidemiological situation in the world in general and in Ukraine in particular, it has been shown that the ideology of "decentralized finance" has had and will have a positive result.

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"GREEN ECONOMY" – A NEW ECONOMIC DIRECTION

Author(s): Natia Surmanidze / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2019

The current environmental condition where we live in is polluted by the harmful toxic fumes of the industrial factories or the means of transportation. The land, water and air polluted from the technical wastes creates great threat to our health and to the one of our future generation. Therefore, it becomes necessary to introduce and to project the business activities and technologies which will reduce the harmful impacts on the environment as much as possible and at the same time will give the capability to use the limited resources effectively. In practice, all the research shows that the samples of the production and consumption are not sustainable in the long run. In case, the entire population of the planet consumes the same resource per capita as the average citizen in the developed country nowadays, the total demand for resources will exceed 4 times the Earth's capabilities. Consequently, it is clear that radical changes to the index and structure of the resources in the long-term should be implemented, which the world's developed and developing economy will use. Otherwise, the repeated and heavier crisis will endanger the sustainability of the global economy, the well-being of the nations and increase the possibility of combating for the resources (including, the possibility of the armed conflict). Another consequence of the unsustainable use of the world resources is the growth of a number of environmental risks, ranging from the global risks such as the climate change, the ozone layer formation, the loss of biodiversity etc. The "green economy" is based on the principle of the equality - including the equality between the generations, which implies that the existing generation should not ignore the needs of the future generations. In other words, the use of the planet resource at such level that will lose the future generation the chance to satisfy the requirements, it is not only unethical but destructive for all humanity. In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, the researches are ongoing to make the long-term sustainable solutions, the success is achieved in the green economy - this is the way that some international organizations have been set as the main goal and the governments supported it.

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"Push" and "Pull" Systems in Supply Chain Management. Correlative Approaches in the Military Field

Author(s): Gheorghe Minculete,Polixenia Olar / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2016

The increase in economic, social and security risks is currently determined by the resource crisis on the one hand, as well as by the economic competition and global military challenges on the other hand, which amplifies instability and jeopardizes the viability of inter-state relations at global level. In these circumstances, the complexity of the economic and military environments determines company managers and military leaders to act by way of “push” and “pull” systems in order to make their own logistic activities more effective, in view of attaining their projected strategic objectives. In the current article we try to briefly address the “push” and “pull”systems within the Supply Chain Management, setting off from the concrete demands of consumers/users in the economic and military fields.

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"Roztocze - witalnosc z natury" brand as an indicator of abiotic assets in marketing slogans and tourism products

Author(s): Teresa Brzezińska-Wójcik / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2018

The study presents the results of evaluation of the “Roztocze - Witalnosc z natury” brand as an indicator of the abiotic assets of the region reflected in marketing slogans and tourism products. The study goals were achieved using the query and stocktaking methods, screening, and analysis of opportunities for development. The results indicate that the most frequently mentioned abiotic elements include landscape (hills, valleys, and Cretaceous, Eocene, and Miocene rock outcrops) and recreational (groundwaters) assets. There is no indication of specialist assets. The abiotic assets are most widely identified in Roztocze Tomaszowskie. The marketing slogans mainly refer to recreational (streams, Roztocze wave, kayaks, sunny beaches) and landscape (quarries, rock and fossil outcrops) assets. The tourism offer proposes primarily trail-products; in turn, there are no area-products or object-products evoking memories of the brand and Roztocze as a tourist region.

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"Second curve" concept as a key driver of economic development in the emerging markets

Author(s): Anđelko Lojpur,Ivan Radević,Nikola Martinović / Language(s): English Issue: Spec/2021

The paper begins with the understanding that the three-decade-long transition period from a socialist economy to the market one, as an integral part of comprehensive changes in Eastern Europe, both political and ideological ones, remains to be a quite problematic and ongoing process. When it comes to less-developed or transition countries, with a special focus on the Western Balkans, a popular opinion is that the impact of deindustrialization on countries in transition was as painful and radical as the "coming" of socialism. Therefore, when addressing the need for a new formula for development, it is a matter of great concern that today's multipolar world lacks well-established development paradigms, particularly taking into account an obvious stagnation in reforms, i.e. the so-called reform failure. In the authors' opinion, it is possible to end the crisis in underdeveloped and transition countries only by introducing a "new" order, i.e. by finding a "new" economic development paradigm. In the light of the above, this paper indicates the need to replace the current transitional models of economic transformation with a turn-around strategy that would be based on reindustrialization, i.e. newly created industrial policies. Finally, this would imply the implementation of the “second curve“(the “S-curve”) concept in the change management processes.

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"SHADOW TAX" - ONE OF THE CHALLENGES OF MANDATORY ACCUMULATIVE PENSION SCHEME OF GEORGIA

Author(s): Shota Karalashvili / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2020

In Georgian pension system the precedent of accumulative pension model indicates on existence of relevant signs of European standards. Until 2018 there was operating only one-stage pension system. So the accumulative pension model is a novelty for any party involved in the process; therefore, in Georgia the challenges accompaning various changes are characterized by a special specificity. We would like to focus on one of the challenges that equally affects all three parties involved in the mandatory funded pension scheme, including state, employer and employee. We must underline the following fact: if we want to overcome this challenge, we must implement changes not only in retirement, but also in the areas of taxation and labor sphere.

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"Sustainable development" as a label within business studies: What can be learned from a bibliometric analysis?

Author(s): Marija Čutura,Ivan Novak,Dijana Ćavar / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2017

In a modern society, the issues of sustainable development have evolved on different levels, from the new global frameworks over governmental policies to the new business models. In the 1980s, the term sustainable development emerged from the relationship between preserving the planet and meeting human needs (IUCN, 1980). The general idea behind the concept of sustainable development is to meet the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs (United Nations General Assembly, 1987). As one of the main challenges in economics and business, the concept of sustainable development has also emerged in the wide area of business economics. The aim of this paper is to provide an extensive literature overview dealing with the concept of sustainable development within a field of business economics. For the purpose of the analysis a bibliometric approach with multiple correspondence analyses has been used on the Web of Science Core Collection database for the observed period of ten years. The results illustrate the importance of sustainable development as a topic, as well as wide range of approaches and variety of sub-topics linked to the concept of sustainable development in business and economics literature.

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"Vlčkovy semináře" o systémových přístupech na ČVUT v Praze

Author(s): Veronika Vlčková / Language(s): Czech Issue: 2/2016

In the academic year 2015-2016 at CTU in Prague, Faculty of Transportation Sciences carried out in a more traditional "Vlček seminars", which take place intermittently since 1999. The purpose of the seminars is to look for new, innovative impulses, systems approach to problem solving, organize knowledges and insights on systems engineering tools and objectives and possible areas of their application. The methodological basis is constructive theory of systems, presented by prof. Jaroslav Vlček.

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(Dys)functionality of accounting cost systems in manufacturing companies of Tuzla canton

Author(s): Sado Puškarević,Amra Gadžo / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2014

This paper shows the results of the conducted primary survey on functionality of cost systems in manufacturing companies of Tuzla Canton (hereinafter “TC”). This paper assesses their adequacy to the needs of these companies: the present needs, and the ones that will be brought by the changes in the environment. These systems have to be up-to-date, as they influence the process of cost management, which is the key factor of companies’ adaptation to the conditions of a modern market. Cost management, which is based on the information of a cost system, enables the company to take the adequate stand towards customers on markets and toward their competition. Also, the quality cost informations a precondition for effective and efficient allocation of limited resources in a transitional period of society development. Therefore, only quality designed cost system in transitional economy will enable recovery, and then, growth and development of a company. This emphasizes the importance of research of the stated issues for transitional countries. The research results should also help to persuade the management about the need to modernize the operation organization, primarily the accounting function, mainly in the part of cost system organization. The determined defects, as well as deviances in relation to current needs for information about costs, are guidelines for an adequate process of redesigning cost systems in companies of transitional economy. This paper shows the results of the conducted primary survey on functionality of cost systems in manufacturing companies of Tuzla Canton (hereinafter “TC”). This paper assesses their adequacy to the needs of these companies: the present needs, and the ones that will be brought by the changes in the environment. These systems have to be up-to-date, as they influence the process of cost management, which is the key factor of companies’ adaptation to the conditions of a modern market. Cost management, which is based on the information of a cost system, enables the company to take the adequate stand towards customers on markets and toward their competition. Also, the quality cost information is a precondition for effective and efficient allocation of limited resources in a transitional period of society development. Therefore, only quality designed cost system in transitional economy will enable recovery, and then, growth and development of a company. This emphasizes the importance of research of the stated issues for transitional countries. The research results should also help to persuade the management about the need to modernize the operation organization, primarily the accounting function, mainly in the part of cost system organization. The determined defects, as well as deviances in relation to current needs for information about costs, are guidelines for an adequate process of redesigning cost systems in companies of transitional economy.

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(NE)POUZDANOST FINANSIJSKIH IZVEŠTAJA U PROCESU KVALITETNE PROCENE BONITETNOSTI KORISNIKA KREDITA

Author(s): Aleksandar Vasiljević / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 06/2013

Regardless of supporting or challenging balance analysis as reliable indicators of borrower solvency, a legal obligation exists, to keep record of each borrower’s balances in the past three years and the intersecting balance at the time of loan application. Balance sheet data from the last official annual income of the borrower is the basis of balance sheet classification of assets and creating indicators for banks. Regardless of the regulations prescribed by the NBS and indicators that are observed in the balance sheets of the Borrower, each bank decides how to evaluate individual balance indicators which makes the basis of credit risk management. Balance data cannot provide a reliable insight in the quality of borrower’s business without the analytical analysis of balance sheet items. The need for engagement in the analysis of balance sheet items is increasing with the growth of loan maturity, but for loans with maturity over 5 years, the balance sheet analysis is meaningless because it is a long enough period in which the quality of business cannot be predicted on the basis of history and the present balance sheet indicators.

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(Nie)zamienne stosowanie krajowego i unijnego prawa konkurencji – o relacji między krajowym i unijnym reżimem antymonopolowym. Glosa do wyroku Sądu UE z 30 września 2016 r. w sprawie T-70/15 Trajektna luka Split d.d. przeciwko Komisji

Author(s): Kamil Dobosz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2018

The article delves into the judgement of the General Court in the Trajektna case. The essential problem therein concerns a possibility to declare an assessment of market behaviour under national competition law as tantamount to an assessment under EU antitrust law. The very issue in this context is that domestic rules are equivalent to those in the Treaty. Nonetheless, such an approach may raise doubts since merely literal correlation does not suffice to render both legal bases exchangeable. Another relevant aspect is leaving a space to manoeuvre for national courts to act when the proceedings are carried out before them. This is indeed legitimate through the lens of the principle of loyalty with regard to the cooperation between national courts and the European Commission.

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(Prior)knowledge of accounting as a comparative advantage when selecting accounting service providers

Author(s): Blaženka Hadrović Zekić,Dina Liović,Ivana Dražić Lutilsky / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2018

Regardless of the type and size of a company, a prerequisite for successful business operation, which involves complex activities, is having various skills and competencies, knowledge and resources. Engaging in entrepreneurship requires a combination of legal knowledge and knowledge in areas such as management, economics, psychology, art and many others. Knowledge in the field of economics inevitably includes accounting knowledge, which is essential for the functioning of any company. The purpose of this paper is to investigate to what extent entrepreneurs in the Osijek-Baranja County outsource accounting services, how they select accounting service providers and to what extent the accounting knowledge they had before undertaking an entrepreneurial venture affects the choice of an accounting service provider. A structured questionnaire is used to explore the effect of (prior)knowledge of accounting on the selection of accounting service providers. The target population are micro, small and medium-sized enterprises operating in the Osijek-Baranja County area. The objective of the research is to gather information on the entrepreneurs’ (prior)knowledge of accounting, the ways of selecting accounting service providers and the possible influence of recommendations on their choice. The survey results provide an insight into how accounting service providers attract clients, which factors are decisive in choosing an accounting service provider and whether the entrepreneurs’ (prior)knowledge affects the outsourcing of accounting services.

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(Why) Did EU Net Neutrality Rules Overshoot the Mark? Internet, Disruptive Innovation and EU Competition Law & Policy

Author(s): Oles Andriychuk / Language(s): English Issue: 18/2018

This essay raises a number of theses in support for a more liberalised approach to EU Net Neutrality rules. It offers a graded system of levels of regulatory intervention, arguing that soft Net Neutrality rules are capable of meeting all positive objectives of regulation without causing the problems generated by hard Net Neutrality rules, such as those currently in place in the EU. Hard Net Neutrality rules prevent Internet Service Providers (ISPs) from making disruptive innovations. Meanwhile, they enable some Content and Application Providers (CAPs) to monopolise many markets via (disruptive) innovations, resulting in newly established dominant positions which have, in many instances, been abused. The hypothesis of the essay is that loosening the rules on Net Neutrality would create competition between ISPs and CAPs as well as (which is even more important) between different CAPs for limited premium speed traffic. Such newly established competition could remedy some antitrust conundrums faced by EU competition enforcers and sectorial regulators vis-à-vis disruptive innovators in the area of electronic communications

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,,BALKAN-TUNEL” O NOUĂ LEGĂTURĂ FEROVIARĂ ŞI RUTIERĂ ÎNTRE ROMÂNIA (RO) ŞI BULGARIA (BG), PRIN SUBTRAVERSAREA DUNĂRII LA GIURGIU-RUSSE

Author(s): I. Gabriel Năstase,Dragoş Ionuţ G. Năstase / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 10/2012

În prezent capacitatea de utilizare a actualului pod Giurgiu-Russe este redusă la 22%. Ca urmare începând cu anul 1999 s-a reluat ideea realizării acestui Proiect, a cărei denumire sugestivă ,,BALKAN-TUNEL” a prezentat un interes deosebit atât la SUMMIT-ul internaţional de dezvoltare durabilă de la Johanesburg (26 august - 4 septembrie 2002) cât şi la Conferinţele europene de dezvoltare economică a bazinului Dunării de la Bucureşti–România (8-9 octombrie 2003), Budapesta– Ungaria (8-9 mai 2006) şi Belgrad–Republica Serbia (10-11 noiembrie 2005).

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,,Narażenie na znaczne niedogodności” jako przesłanka odstąpienia od konsumenckiej umowy sprzedaży

Author(s): Tadeusz Kierzyk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 6/2013

The article is a concise work which contains the most significant issues from the field of withdrawing form the consumer’s sales agreement. The author of the article conducts a detailed analysis of a very crucial prerequisite related to withdrawing from such an agreement, i.e. “exposure to a considerable inconvenience”. The author is of the opinion that the period itself, when the consumer does not have the product he has bought, due to e.g. complaint, is a great inconvenience however it is not yet a considerable one. Following the analysis, the author conducted, he draws de lege ferenda conclusion, for the legislator to ease the conditions when the withdrawal is possible, without a considerable inconvenience aspect as well as for the legislator to specify the maximum time to settle the complaint issue, leaving at the same time the appropriate time to deal with it.

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100 dni obowiązywania ustawy o przewadze kontraktowej

Author(s): Piotr Adamczewski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 8/2017

The article discusses 100 days of the Act of 15th December 2016 on combating the unfair use of superior bargaining power in the trade in agricultural and food products. The Author describes cases that the President of the Office of Competition and Consumer Protection (referred as the President of UOKIK) is currently dealing with, along with other instruments used as a tool in combating unfair practices. The next issue tackled is the cooperation of the President of UOKiK with other relevant bodies in the context of handled cases and a possible legislation process. Afterwards the Author analyses the popularization of the Act among the public and the obstacles encountered in its application. The Author stresses that, at this moment, it seems to be crucial to find an accurate meaning of the term ‘public interest’ used in the context of the Act and a flexible approach to the scope of practices described as unfair (keeping in mind economic analyses). As a result, the Author states that despite the very short time the Act has been in force, numerous actions have already been taken. Still, the Act contains ambiguous terms that should be elaborated by the judiciary and the doctrine

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10-ТЕ „НЕ“ ЗА МЕНИДЖЪРСКА ЕФЕКТИВНОСТ

Author(s): Kamen Kamenov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1-BG/2019

The study of human history reveals that all authorities share a common attribute (feature) – the pursuit to consolidate, preserve and reproduce their power. This principle applies to the behavior of managers, too, since they need to ensure the efficient performance of the organisations they are in charge of and survive as the heads of those organisations. When approached from a broader perspective, issues are further complicated by the intervention of the ego. Managers’ behavior is still rational and acceptable when the influence of their ego is within reasonable limits. Going beyond those limits may result in dictatorship and bureaucracy in the effort to retain their power. There are some fundamental rules which, if observed during the management process, could help managers and their teams avoid serious trouble.

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