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Въздействието на международните цени на зърно върху българския зърнен пазар

Author(s): Anton Kostadinov / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The first decade of the 21st century was accompanied by increased price volatility and price spikes in commodity markets. This caused a chain reaction in the world economy. The changes that took place had not only an economic but also a social dimension. Price volatility is expressed through the transfer of uncertainty from the financial sector to other sectors of the global economy. At the time of the collapse of the capital markets, commodities recorded record turnovers. New financial instruments have appeared to allow the avalanche-like increase in the positions of institutional speculators in commodity markets. In the short term, increased uncertainty is crucial for the price stability of the food. For example, through its impact mechanisms, climate change may cause another 115 million people worldwide to face chronic hunger and reach a total of more than 700 million people. For our country, the volatility of grain prices is of strategic importance.

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Динамика и структура на териториалната кохезия в ЕС и България през периода 2007 – 2012 г.

Author(s): Neno Dimov,Kristina Minova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The territorial cohesion is a fundamental principle of regional policy among the EU countries. Cohesion, or cohesion in the socio-economic and environmental development of the countries of the community, is applied in order to limit and reduce territorial (spatial) inequalities, which always arise objectively in the course of natural and social dynamics. This problem has been identified as a priority for the EU since the early 1990s. The main objectives related to the territorial cohesion policy are: - How to use the strengths and weaknesses of each territory to make a qualitative transition to sustainable and balanced development (regional and national level)? - How to achieve effective territorial concentration of resources? - How to minimize the costs of land management, respectively in urban areas, rural areas and specific areas? In the last two decades, the socio-economic development of Bulgaria has been accompanied by growing regional inequalities - demographic, urban, economic, infrastructural. Despite the already performed assessments and evaluations, this tendency is deepening, which is accompanied by an increase in the costs of material and financial resources for territorial governance. Studies were conducted at a national level in the countries of Western and Central Europe, which revealed processes of increasing territorial disparities in the development and territorial organization of natural social systems. Therefore, for the period 2001-2011, in spite of the consistently pursued and targeted funding of territorial cohesion policy in the EU, the added value received is low, and for individual countries and regions - negative. Or in other words - the economic and social rifts in the community are widening. From these starting points, a comparative analysis of some key indicators for the EU and the statistical regions of NUTS-2 level classification was conducted.

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Особености на преговорите по Многогодишната финансова рамка (МФР) на ЕС за периода 2014 – 2020 г.

Author(s): Svetla Boneva / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

This research presents the temporal development of the MFF negotiations for the period 2014-2020. The procedures for the adoption of legislative proposals and the parties involved in the negotiation process are reflected. Attention is focused on the three phases of the negotiations for the adoption of the MFF (explanatory, negotiation and final) and the time in which they take place. The purpose of the MFF regulation, the types of annual expenditure (for commitments and payments), the types of expenditure ceilings and the margin on budget lines are clarified.

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Изграждане на европейски бюджетен, банков и политически съюз

Author(s): Iordanka Stateva / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The strategic goal for political consolidation has been outlined in the course of the contemporary crisis in the European Monetary Union. It can be realized only in parallel with a fiscal and banking union. The first problem is about the frames – European Union or the monetary union. It turns out that the optimal solution is intergovernmental agreement within the European Union. Creating a fiscal and banking union requires submitting of powers from national to European level in extremely important and sensitive for national politics areas. As a member of the European Union and a country obliged to join the monetary union, Bulgaria is a part of these processes and the attention should be turned to every detail in the process of realizing the strategic goals.

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Дебатът за бъдещето на Европа и мястото на България в него

Author(s): Monika Moraliyska / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

This report examines the prospects discussed for the future development of the European Union in the context of two theoretical concepts of international economic integration - the federalist approach and intergovernmental cooperation. The advantages and disadvantages of the two models are identified, intersections are sought and the extent to which the EU has reached in practice in their application is analyzed. Considering the deepening of the EU integration in a direction towards the establishment of supranational bodies to overcome the effects of the economic crisis and to achieve a new impetus in the struggle for world leadership and competitiveness, the ideas (respectively projects) for the implementation of Banking and Fiscal Union on EU level are analyzed.

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Мерките за ограничаване на промените в климата – предизвикателства, възможности и инициативи пред фирмите

Author(s): Stela Zhivkova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

This paper discusses the importance of the climate change mitigation measures in the context of the business entities. The author reviews the significance of the climate change and the consequences it poses to the socio-economic systems, outlines the growing importance of the green economy, its low-carbon characteristics, efficient and sustainable growth requirements. As a conclusion, the article suggests that the climate change measures offer new income sources or market opportunities for the non-industrial entities such as those from the banking sector, in the consultancy field which main goal is to mintage the human footprint on the environment.

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Соларен парк DESERTEC – стъпка към повишаване на енергийната сигурност на ЕС

Author(s): Svetla Boneva / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

This article presents the main concepts set out in the EU’s 2050 low-carbon economy roadmap. The ways and measures by which the Union can build a secure and competitive low-carbon energy sector are outlined. The necessity for an integrated European energy policy and for the preparation of a long-term EU strategy for the implementation of the recommendations as defined in the Roadmap is highlighted. A specific project has been identified that will make a significant contribution to the EU's idea of a low-carbon economy - the DESERTEC solar park in the Sahara Desert. The benefits not only for the EU but also for the EUMENA region of implementing this large energy project are summarized.

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Международна конкурентоспособност на експортно ориентирани отрасли в България

Author(s): Antoaneta Vassileva / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

This publication presents the main results of the research project "International Competitiveness of Export-Oriented Industries in Bulgaria", funded by the state budget from the Fund "UNWE Research", implemented during the period December 2009 - December 2011. The goal of this project is to analyze and assess the international competitiveness of the export-oriented industries in Bulgaria and to propose recommendations at the macro-, meso- and micro-level for its increase. The study utilizes a wide range of general scientific and specific methods for assessing the international competitiveness of export-oriented industries in Bulgaria. The SWOT analysis has a central place to present the main competitive advantages and disadvantages of the industries and the challenges they face. The main sources of statistical information are the National Statistical Institute of Bulgaria and the Eurostat. For the implementation of the project objectives a special questionnaire has been developed, distributed in the 6 planning regions among managers of companies from the identified export-oriented industries.

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Помощта от Европейския съюз към Албания и страните от Източна Европа

Author(s): Indrit Cenai / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The European Union is the largest donor of financial funds in Albania. Financial support provided by this bloc of countries has been available since the early 1990s and continues to grow year-on-year basis. Financial assistance provided by the European Union is a key pillar of support for the implementation of the obligations arising from the Stabilization and Association Agreement (SAA). Its goal is to support Albania in the integration process, aimed at strengthening the rule of law and stabilizing democracy, establishing European standards, and the country's economic and social development. The support of the European Union can be divided into three main stages, as presented in this paper.

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Степен на номинална и реална конвергенция между Република България и страните от икономическия и паричен съюз (ИПС). Влияние на кризата на държавните дългове върху процеса на присъединяване на България към ИПС

Author(s): Silvia Kirova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The strategic goal for the Republic of Bulgaria after its accession to the European Union (EU) is the adoption of the euro and full membership in the EMU. The sovereign debt crisis in the Eurozone (EU) has pushed EMU enlargement issues into the background and has seriously affected the motivation of countries with a derogation. This report aims to present the progress made in the nominal and real convergence between Bulgaria and the EU in the period 1999-2010. In terms of real convergence, a comparison was made between the performance of Bulgaria and other countries with a derogation from Central and Eastern Europe (CEE). An assessment of the impact of the sovereign debt crisis in the Eurozone on the process of Bulgaria's accession to EMU is also presented.

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Политика на сближаване и финансови инструменти на ЕС

Author(s): Svetlana Aleksandrova-Zlatanska / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

This article explores the cohesion policy of the European Union which is the second most important common policy after the Common Agricultural Policy. The financial resources allocated for the agricultural sector reached 65% of the EU’s multiannual financial framework prior to 1988. During the latest programming period this amount has dropped to 40% while the expenses for cohesion have risen to 84% (EUR58,3 billion annually) from the 2006-2009 budget. Author discusses the economic and social effects from the cohesion and outlines financial instruments which are aimed at supporting the cohesion through the EU budget.

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EU Budget Reform and Further Integration of European Union

Author(s): Biljana Bogicevic,Jelena Tešić / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

After the latest accessions of new member states, the EU budget reform is one of the biggest challenges that the EU should face. Discussions on the EU budget provide enough evidence to conclude that there is a substantial gap between the budget and current and future needs of integrated EU. The main objective of this paper is to identify shortcomings of the present EU budget and to explore possible ways of its reform. The main research question is: Can the EU budget respond to the needs of deepening and broadening of the integration process? Furthermore, through the analysis of characteristics of the present EU budget, characteristics that obstruct the EU integration are set aside. Finally, paper identifies possible ways of the EU budget reform and gives recommendations for better usage of the EU’s own resources in order to fulfill the set objectives.

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Експортната конкурентоспособност на България след присъединяването ѝ към Европейския съюз

Author(s): Paskal Zhelev / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

This report aims to examine Bulgaria's export competitiveness in the context of the country's full membership in the EU. This was achieved through an analysis of the dynamics of the value and volume of Bulgarian exports, its diversification in terms of markets and product structure, as well as the factor intensity and technological complexity of our exports to the EU. The obtained results testify that there is yet low export competitiveness of Bulgaria and significant lag when referred to comparable with us countries such as Hungary and Slovakia, and by some indicators, Romania. This is largely due to the relatively low-tech, unfavourable and strategically unpromising export specialization of our economy. Therefore, the state policy aimed at stimulating the export competitiveness should have the long-term goal of improving Bulgaria's position in the international division of labour.

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Slovak Relations with East Asia: A Lost Decade?

Author(s): Matej Šimalčík / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

In recent years, the international system has seen a gradual shifting of the geopolitical and geo-economic centers of gravity. China’s growing power and rising assertiveness under the rule of Xi Jinping, the US trade war with China, and the ever-present threat of North Korea’s nuclear program suggest that the geopolitical shift has been following an eastward vector. This means the most important global processes, which will shape the world in the upcoming decades, are taking place in the Indo-Pacific region.

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The European Union’s Common Commercial Policy and the Covid-19 pandemic: Reactions and challenges

Author(s): Grzegorz Mazur / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Purpose: The general aim of the chapter is to investigate trade measures implemented in the EU in the aftermath of the Covid-19 outbreak and define general potential effects of the current economic turbulences on the future shape of the Common Commercial Policy (CCP). Design/methodology/approach: The chapter is based on literature/EU official documents studies and statistical analysis of the EU’s merchandise trade. It has been structured into three parts. The first one presents recent trends in the EU’s external merchandise trade caused by the pandemic’s economic repercussions. This is followed by ashort analysis of temporary trade restrictions implemented by many EU Members States and the EU in response to supply shocks. The third part refers to the potential impact of current trade and economic processes on the post-pandemic trade strategy of the EU. Findings: Although the future shape of global trade system and the pandemic’s impact on the nature of the CCP are subjects of high uncertainty, the conducted analysis offers some general conclusions. The implemented trade restrictions should be limited and made temporary as future trade openness is essential for economic recovery. There is also ageneral consensus that the EU’s CCP should ensure the necessary resilience to future trade distortions. However, this should not be connected with protectionism and narrowly understood self-sufficiency. Among important factors that reinforce the resilience, we should mention the solutions delivered by new technologies (e.g. automation, AI, three-dimensional printing), fair competition, higher transparency of trade policies, international standards, certification schemes, and stronger multilateral cooperation, including World Trade Organization’s reforms. The renewed trade strategy will also be accompanied with global trade and economic tendencies such as the reshoring and regionalization of trade. Originality and value: The chapter is addressed to students, scholars, and policymakers by contributing to the current debate on the post-pandemic shape of global trade relations and the future nature of the EU’s Common Commercial Policy.

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Disruption of European agri-food markets due to Covid-19. The case of Poland

Author(s): Magdalena Śliwińska,Rafał Śliwiński / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Purpose: The chapter describes the economic impact of Covid-19 on the agri-food market in Poland and its influence along food supply chains by discussing demand accommodation and alterations in supply channels. Design/methodology/approach: The study delivers a critical literature review, analyzes secondary data, and utilizes available statistics. Findings: The chapter shows the impact of Covid-19 on the various branches of agri-food sector like cattle meat, cereal, poultry, pork, milk, and horticulture. It shows quantitative information, time period, the level of sales decreases and increases, and price fluctuations caused by the coronavirus pandemic. Furthermore, the study scrutinizes consumer reactions to the first and latter period of economy lockdown in respect to the food products. Food demand adjustments were shown in respect to types of food product, shopping frequency, and the use of alternative delivery channels. Practical implications: The analysis of the agri-food market reaction to the Covid-19 pandemic allows us to find bottlenecks in the system and design support programs to help farmers, intermediaries, and delivery channels of food to build resistance to similarly extreme situations. Originality and value: The chapter presents in a short and complex manner the Polish agri-food market’s reaction to the coronavirus pandemic. The reactions of particular branches and the entire agri-food sector can be of interest to academics, governmental institutions, administration officials, and students.

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Теориите за регионалната икономическа интеграция: къде са зелените теории?

Author(s): Filip Petkov,Stefan Petrov / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The objective of the research is to briefly present and characterize main theoretical concepts of regional economic integration, based on which we observe forms of integration and cooperation conducted in the context of the international economic relations. Author suggests the actions for climate neutrality shall be reviewed in the context of the regional economic integration, referring to the EU climate goals and actions as an example. The following research tasks are completed to achieve the objective: i) analysis on the theoretical concepts defining the regional economic integration; ii) grouping of the main theoretical concepts for regional integration based on the principles and means of cooperation, nature of the partnership as well as the expected integration effects. The research methods are content analysis, comparative analysis, historical and logical approach. The research results are theoretical conclusions which assist in the practical understanding of the ongoing and emerging regional integration processes.

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Sustainable agriculture: Development of organic farming. Case study of the Czech Republic

Author(s): Pavel Kotyza,Luboš Smutka / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Sustainability is a crucial topic in today’s agricultural policy discussion. Agriculture faces 2 challenges—feeding increasing number of people, while being sustainable and reducing negative environmental effects. Agriculture will require “structural transformation” to meet goals of global society—the Sustainable Development Goals. Land management, bio-diversity and soil degradation are often correlated with farming practices. Thus, having sustainable agriculture requires transformation of farming practices, and organic farming belongs to potential directions. For over 3 decades, organic farming has gained on importance, market share as well as popularity among consumers, producers and policymakers. Health concerns, public support and market potential convinced farmers to introduce non-conventional farming practices. On the contrary, organic farming is often criticized for lower production potential, higher pricing and labour intensity. In the Czech Republic current organic production is rather extensive (on pastures), and products are not sold as organic due to the market oversaturation. However, slow but increasing trend in crop production, which could lead to improved farm economies is observed. The future of organic farming development as individual by side effects related to organic farming are considered to be of the key significance for long-term sustainability of agricultural activities. Organic farming is not a solution to current society issues, butit could be considered as innovative alternative approach for future generations.

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Innovations on rail freight market

Author(s): Dora Naletina,Mate Damić / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Ten years ago, the European Union recognized the importance of stopping further development of road freight transportation and the need for making rail freight a more prominent branch of industry. Rail transportation used to hold a more relevant position, but because of slow response to changes on the market and no investments in modernization, it now occupies only around 10%of the share in freight transportation in most EU member states. Most members have initiated the implementation of the restructuring and liberalization of rail market, with the aim of establishing a multimodal transportation network and reducing negative impact of road freight on the environment. The Croatian market is no exception, of course. It has liberalized the rail freight market since the Accession to the EU, while the rail passenger traffic is still monopolized by a company owned by the state. The Croatian national carrier HŽ Cargo has decided to face the competition by restructuring the current business and giving a sharper focus on innovation (intermodal terminals, RO-LA, and digitalization of business operations). The above-mentioned topics are analysed in the following chapter.

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The Anti-Crisis Management in The Process of Global Integration

Author(s): Irena Emilova / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The global integration demands a theoretical understanding and characterization of anti-crisis management. On the one hand, it is associated with changes, which not only create opportunities, but also raise a number of difficulties, and on the other - with the necessity of a concept, combining different approaches.The globalization has various dimensions. It is the subject of discussion by the researchers of many scientific fields - sociology, economics, geography, politics, international relations, culture, technique and technology, history, demographics and more. The definitions of the specialist of policy and international relations are interpreted as a accelerating and improving transnational nature of the relationship between the partners and establishment an international order with help of the UN and other international organizations.The anti-crisis management is a relatively new area of scientific knowledge. In the process of globalization, changes in economic, political, social and spiritual environment, there are expanding opportunities but also pose serious constraints to its theoretical study and practical application.This paper examining with some aspects of the anti-crisis management in the process of global integration. Clarified are the main requirements for anti-crisis management as a system, as a set of mechanisms and processes, specific technologies and management styles. It discusses factors that determine the effectiveness of anti-crisis management. There is substantiating necessity of interpretation on the need for new specific features in management thinking.

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