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1949-1982 Yılları Arasında Din Psikolojisi Alanında Yazılan Eserlerin Doküman Analizi Nitel Bir Değerlendirme

Author(s): Beyazıt Yaşar Seyhan / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 13/2021

It has been tried to do document analysis together with content analysis about some terms in the works written between 1949 and 1982, which is assumed to be the first period of the psychology of religion. The terms researched are “şuur (consciousness)” and its derivatives in Ottoman, and “consciousness”, “subconscious”, “unconscious” terms which is the modern usage of the term “şuur” and “adolescent, puberty” terms of Western origin which correspond to the meanings of “ergen ve argenlik”. The frequency of the use of these terms in the books was determined and it was examined whether there was a change in time, and the scientific language in using the terms of the psychology of religion was tried to be understood in line with the qualitative method. As a result, the psychology of religion changes some of these terms over time, while others still use them. By examining whether the purposes and bibliographies of the early psychology books were similar or different, it was understood that these terms used in the books of the early psychology of religion kept pace with the language and psychology science language of that period and their changes over time. In addition, it is understood that the works written by theology-based religious psychologists do not only serve the science of psychology of religion, but also they have an individual, educational, political and social goals.

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CONFESSING FAITH BEYOND THE COMMUNIST BARS

Author(s): Anton Savelovici / Language(s): English / Issue: 15/2022

The confrontation between good and evil, in the 20th century, had frightening proportions. Through a twisted logic, ideologically and “scientifically” reasoned,there have been destroyed spiritually, morally, socially and economically the destinies of many people, ethnicities and countries. For some people the psychical and physical salvation from the terror of the materialistic-atheist utopia was assuming a spiritual life

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Contribuţia creștinismului ortodox în dezvoltarea programelor de asistenţă socială pentru copiii abandonaţi

Author(s): Viorel Valache / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 10/2021

Since the beginnings of Christianity, social work took the form of religious actions. Until the 16th century, most actions undertaken to help the various categories of the disabled were carried out in monasteries and religious congregations. The beginnings of social work in our country had at a strong religious character, materializing, for centuries, around the monasteries. In recent years, priests and lay people of the Romanian Orthodox Church have formed various associations and foundations, many of them with having charity as executive objective. Abandoned children are one of their main concerns.

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Covid-19 Sürecinde Yaşanılan Olumsuz Duygularda Dini Başa Çıkma’nın Rolü

Author(s): Nesrullah Okan,Aytaç Ören / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 56/2021

This study was carried out to determine the negative emotions that arise during the Covid-19 process, to determine what kind of coping styles people use against the negative psychological factors, and to see how religion affects coping. In the research, answers were sought to three basic questions: In the first question, what kind of adverse psychological problems people experienced with the pandemic; in the second question, what type of coping styles are developed against the negative psychological situations they encounter; In the third question, an answer was sought on the position of negative coping among individuals' coping styles. For this purpose, data were obtained from 19 male and 41 female participants studying at the undergraduate level in different faculties, who themselves or someone from their close circles had Covid-19 experiences. The data obtained within the scope of the research were converted into text and analyzed with the help of Maxqda 20 Package Program. As a result of the analysis, various codes, sub-themes, and themes were reached. When the effects are examined, it is seen that individuals generally experience many negative emotions such as anxiety, fear, hopelessness, stress, fatigue, and depression. However, it has been concluded that individuals use religious coping the most against these adverse situations.

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CRISIS MANAGEMENT AND MORAL DISCOMFORT: THE CASE OF A CATHOLIC CLERK

Author(s): Tünde Komáromi / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2021

The paper presents the case of a Hungarian Catholic clerk, an 81 year old lady from the Transylvanian countryside. Her daughter has sent her a bigger amount of money, but she understood soon that the post officer, a women herself, has stolen a significant part of it. A procedure of reclamation followed, but the case remained unsolved. The director of the post-office and the local policemen did not help. Then she turned to the Romanian Orthodox priest for help and offered some money in change. Although it is quite widespread among the local Hungarians of different religious affiliation (but almost never Orthodox) to ask Romanian Orthodox priests for help in times of personal crisis (or the crisis of a family member), this is a highly contradictory solution for a pious Catholic clerk. She’s never been before to any Orthodox priest, but she was aware of similar help seeking activities among the local Hungarian, Romanian or Roma. The same is true for the use of magic during her long lifetime. But using magic is regarded less sinful by the old clerk, than going to the Orthodox priest for the solution of a legal case. She senses God’s intention behind her failure!

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Dindarlığın Psikolojik İyi Oluş Üzerine Etkisi: Meta-Analitik Bir Çalışma

Author(s): Mehmet Çınar / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 2/2021

The aim of this study is to analyse the effect of religiosity on psychological well-being via meta-analytical method. In addition, the presence of moderator variables that may cause the influence quantity which was calculated as a result of meta-analytical process, is analysed. For these aims, studies that are suitable for the criterion of choice were identified. Within this context, without applying a criterion for date, the influence quantity of 10 thesis studies were calculated, which analyse the correlation between religiosity and psychological well-being, and which include the number of samples used in meta-analysis and the number of pearson correlation coefficient (r) valu. Regarding the theses included in this study, 3 (30%) of them doctoral theses and 7(70%) of them are master’s theses. The number of people in samples is 5.914, 3.848 (65,06%) of which are from doctoral, and 2.066 (34,94%) of which are from master’s theses. For the analysis of the data, CMA (Comprehensive Meta-Analysis 2.0) statistical package program was used. The publication bias of the researches covered in this study was analysed via “Funnel Plot Graphic”, “Classic fail-safe N”, “Begg and Mazumdar rank correlations” and “Egger’s regression test” statistics methods. As a result of these statistical analyses, no evidence of publication bias has been found. Heterogeneity test was conducted to identify which model is to be used in measuring the influence quantity of the researches included in the study. The Q(sd=9) statistical value for its heterogeneity was measured as 114,90 (p<.01). If the obtained Q value read from the chi-square table (sd=9, χ2(0,05)16,919) exceeds 9 degree of freedom and .05confidence level values, it means that the data is heterogeneous. Another method used to determine heterogeneity is to measure I2 percentage value. The I2 value calculated through the obtained data is 92,167%. In the literature, the reference points for this value are respectively 25%, 50%, 75% as low, medium and high. In this sense, it is seen that the influence quantity distributions are highly-heterogeneous with a value of I2=92,167. According to the heterogeneity test results, there are two models, via which we can find the average influence quantity in meta-analysis namely, fixed effects model and random effects model. The fixed effects model depends on the assumption that all the compiled researches predict exactly the same influence. The fixed effect models assume that the variance between the results of researches stem from the data connected to one another of the researches. Random effects model, however, projects that it is better to make an analysis considering the variance inside and between the researches. It is assumed, in random effects model, that there are differences in terms of influence quantity between all researches. Since this study is heterogeneous, random effects model was used in meta-analysis process. According to the data included in meta-analysis, the influence quantity was calculated as positive .143. The lower limit for this influence quantity was calculated as .042, and the upper limit was calculated as .243. It was concluded that this influence quantity was in a low level. Scientific publication types and sample group were considered as moderator variables which can influence the relation between religiosity and psychological well-being. In this context, the average influence quantity of the studies covered in meta-analysis according to the mixed effects model for the subsample group in Fisher’s z is respectively .203 for families of martyrs, .148 for students, .233 for teachers, -.097 for the elderly, .098 for funeral service workers and .165 for mixed sample group. The average influence quantity for these subsample groups was not considered to be statistically significant (QB=1,577; p>0,05). According to this, it was concluded that the sample groups in the studies covered in the meta-analysis did not have a moderator role in the relationship between religiosity and psychological well-being. In addition, the average influence quantity for scientific publication types in Fisher’s z is respectively .193 for PhD, and .118 for master’s degree. The average influence quantity for these subsample groups was not considered to be statistically significant (QB=0,384; p>0,05), either. In other words, the type of publication does not play a moderator role in the relationship between religiosity and psychological well-being.

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Dini İnancın Temellerinin Bilimsel ve Teolojik Değerlendirmesi: Nöroteoloji

Author(s): Mustafa Köylü,Cemil Oruç / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 2/2021

A great deal of research has been done on the origin of belief and its effects on human beings. In recent years, these researches are not only limited to the theological field, but also continued by various branches of science. Scientific disciplines that investigate different dimensions of belief have made some explanations about the origins of belief under titles such as cognitive science, mental science, evolutionary theory and genetics, but these results have been someti-mes discussed and criticized. Studies on this subject have not yet achieved a general consis-tency so far. In the last century, there has been a great increase in the number of such studies. Before the 1970s, there was an understanding that tried to explain the issue from an evolutio-nary perspective. The interest in the source of human belief started especially in the field of biology and has been supported by many systematic scientific studies. These types of studies tried to understand and explain the biological origins of belief, but did not go beyond labora-tory experiences. These studies associated belief with certain diseases, attempted to explain biologically different versions of belief, tried to explain the relationship between brain mobi-lity and religious experience, and searched for a separate God Gene and God Field. This article focuses on the psychological basis of the subject, and then the biological basis of the subject. Studies on consciousness, unconsciousness, death, diseases, and many psychological disorders handled in different ways the relation with belief. Such basic human processes are tried to be explained in relation to many areas such as health, spirituality and culture. Socio-biology, evo-lutionary psychology, and contemporary cognitive sciences have carried out a series of studies on this subject, especially looking for the foundations of belief. Since the 1970s, there have been some attempts in biology, especially depending on the developments in science and tech-nology. These studies mostly claim that “the ability to believe” is innate in humans and is parti-ally supported by some scientific discussions. Scientists who seek the source of belief directly in biology follow the hypothesis that the temporal lobe of the brain is the source of religious and mystical experience. Neurologists have focused on the prefrontal cortex of the brain and suggested that this region of the brain may be related to religion and belief. These studies are the continuation of other research that started earlier and searched for belief, spirituality, and God in a certain region of the brain. In these studies, conceptualizations such as “the God spot” and “the God module” have been made instead of the concept of the “God gene.” As a result, studies on religion and brain will increasingly come to the fore. Studies on this subject have opened a new door in terms of showing the relationship between religious belief, attitudes and behaviors and the brain. However, more studies are needed in this area in order to understand more accurately and fully the relationship between religious beliefs or experiences and physi-cal processes because most of the studies on this subject have focused on Christians and Budd-hists. Although a serious relationship has not been established between religion and biology until now, it is likely that these issues will come to the fore more frequently from now on. These studies which investigate whether there is a relationship between believing and the brain are called neurotheology. In this study, the developmental process of neurotheology as a science and the studies in this field were examined by literature and document review. Studies conducted in the last hundred years were systematically examined and the current situation was discussed.

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HUMAN'S SPIRITUAL CRISIS AND THE EXISTENTIAL VACUUM

Author(s): Alexandru Gabriel Negoiță / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2021

The human being is constantly in search of meaning: the meaning of his life, the meaning of everyday events and, above all, the meaning of suffering. The process of secularization affects the process of finding the meaning of life, by eliminating the spiritual dimension of man, and the consequences, as Mircea Eliade, Carl Gustav Jung or Viktor Frankl pointed out, are disastrous, all leading to the alienation of man and the possibility of self-destruction. The transdisciplinary approach is used in this article in relation to the possibility of recovering this meaning. Taking into account the spiritual dimension of man, as well as democracy, understood in the Community spirit, could be a viable solution against the "existential void" caused by the loss of meaning of this life.

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Kopanie duchowej studni

Reza Aslan w rozmowie z Michałem Jędrzejkiem

Author(s): Michał Jędrzejek,Reza Aslan / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 800/2022

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Kult cesarski na obszarze prowincji hiszpańskich – rezultat polityki imperialnej Rzymu, czy oddolnej inicjatywy mieszkańców?

Author(s): Damian Sideł / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 0

This chapter discusses the issue of the imperial cult on the Iberian Peninsula at the beginnig of the principate. In the first part of the chapter, the stages of development of the imperial cult in the Iberian Peninsula are briefly described. Its main centre was located in Tarraco, the capital city of Hither Spain. Two other provinces – Baetica and Lusitania followed in its footsteps. In the second part, epigraphic and numismatic evidence showing the Iberians’ attitude towards em¬peror worship are analysed. The author tries to prove that the creation of emperor rituals in the whole Peninsula was dominated by the initiative of the Iberians themsleves.

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Medium-term religious support program applied to suicidal psychiatric patients

Author(s): Speranta-Giulia Herea,Roxana Chirita,Alexandra Bolos,Gabriela Elena Chele,Andreea Silvana Szalontay,Cristinel Stefanescu / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2022

Psychiatric literature generally recognizes the importance of religion and spirituality in the care of religious psychiatric patients. In this work we aimed to investigate the influence of a supportive religious program on religious patients with suicidal ideation. The results confirmed the theoretical predictions of the psychiatric literature regarding the broad positive value of a complementary religious support applied to religious psychiatric patients. A potential negative effect of the most influential Christian Orthodox religious practices used in the therapy of suicidal patients was also noted. These findings may have significant implications for medium and long-term psychiatric interventions in faith-based settings.

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Modernity versus Postmodernity in a Local-Regional Variant: Pastoral Reflection Paradigms

Author(s): Gurie Georgiu / Language(s): English / Issue: Suppl. 1/2021

Our research is intended to be an exercise in lucidity and a plea for true values, the only ones that can bring peace, harmony, and prosperity to contemporary society. The transfer from modernity to postmodernity has also been achieved in the Romanian space of life and culture, and the duty of the Church is to demonstrate its roots in the present, when it comes to pastoral interventions, and to exercise its ability to guide the culture and civilization of our time in the direction desired by God.

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On Community in the Political Theology of Jacob Taubes

Author(s): Daniel Tincu / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

The present paper aims to analyse through a systematic approach the notion of “community” encountered in the works of Jacob Taubes. Under a theologico-political scenario, the author discusses the political framework of Saint Paul in his Letter to the Romans. According to Taubes, the Apostle inaugurates a new type of sovereignty — acquired by the grace of God, and not by the divine law. Ultimately, the plan of Paul is to create a new “life” for the community of Christians through spirit (gr. πνεῦμα) and the highest form of love (gr. ἀγάπη). According to the author, the Letter to the Romans perfectly illustrates the transformation of the political, where the idea of hierarchy is replaced with the one of equilibrium; under this equation religion is not authority, but participation in community. From a more practical point of view, the political theology of Jacob Taubes is interested in answering the following dilemma: how is it possible for a community that sees its Lord crucified on the Cross not to create rebellions, but, on the contrary, to generally cultivate an obedient attitude towards state authority? Ultimately, while mapping the author’s understanding of community, the paper also brings into attention what the transformation of the political means for Taubes and why political theology is the scenario that accommodates the revolutionised community.

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Razmišljanja o kugi

Author(s): Giorgio Agamben / Language(s): Serbian

Misli koje slede nisu misli o epidemiji, već o otkrićima do kojih dolazimo posmatrajući reakcije koje ona izaziva među ljudima. Razmišljam o lakoći s kojom je čitavo društvo prihvatilo osećaj sopstvene zaraženosti kugom, zatvaranje u kuće, ukidanje uobičajenog načina života, odbacivanje veza prijateljstva, ljubavi, rada, čak i verskih i političkih ubeđenja. Zašto su protesti i otpor, u ovakvim situacijama očekivani i zamislivi, ipak izostali? Teza koju želim da predložim jeste to da je na određeni način, a opet nesvesno, kuga već bila među nama, da su uslovi ljudskog života očito vremenom postali takvi da nam je jedan neočekivani znak bio dovoljan da ih prepoznamo onakvim kakvi zapravo jesu – kao nepodnošljive, upravo kao kugu.

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Recovering Life in a Post-Pandemic Era

Author(s): Emil Jurcan / Language(s): English / Issue: Suppl. 1/2021

The study focuses on the idea of a confused society, which seems to have no meaning after the pandemic. The world is not the same as before and unfortunately it is experiencing depression and moral confusion. It is therefore necessary to return to the consciousness of values and this can only be found in Christianity. We are now living the drama of an isolated humanity. I am convinced that the isolation of people did not happen now, during the pandemic, but before, through selfishness and self-isolation in consumerism. Social networking sites have been and remain just ways to present our isolated “happiness” in our comfort. Our only goal has been our economic comfort. The pandemic changed our scale of values for a moment, but it still did not take us out of the isolation of our selves. Only a re-awareness of our vocation as religious, Christian beings can bring us back to real communion.

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TESTIMONIES FROM THE SOUTH OF THE DANUBE. THE CHURCH, THE PILLAR OF NATIONAL IDENTITY

Author(s): Anton Lăcrămioara / Language(s): English / Issue: 7/2021

In this short article, we present some details about the life of Orthodox Romanians living in the Timoc Valley. We also bring some historical information about the origin of these places, but also about the Christian presence today. The basic idea is that the church identity has always helped to preserve the national identity.

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THE ALL-PRESENT RELIGION OF MODERNITY

Author(s): Mihail M. Ungheanu / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2020

Man is a religious being and Fascism, Communism, National-socialism, the multicultural, Feminism can be viewed through its lens. There is one secular religion that allows today the thought of many people, this is the ideology of progress, which has its roots in Christianity but manifests itself in many anti-Christian forms. This paper presents a comprehensive view of this trans-ideological ideology of progress that can be found almost everywhere.

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The cunning of evil. A very short introduction to Eugen Drewermann’s conception on evil

Author(s): Mihail M. Ungheanu / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2019

This paper explores and describes the way the German theologian and author Eugen Drewermann, which is also a psychotherapist, understands the problem of evil. His main insights are expressed in his 3-volume work Strukturen des Bösen, and cover and synthetize contributions from psychoanalysis, history of religions, structuralism, sartrian existential, social philosophy and theology. The problem of evil is not located only in the individual, but has a collective dimension that is also explored by the author. These dimensions of evil are interrelated, impossible to separate. Evil expresses itself as the repeated endeavour of man to provide himself the ontological principle and justification of its own existence that it is as the attempt to become God, as an unlimited will to power. These attempts can be seen in social engineering programs or in endeavours such as the communist revolution, liberalism, and in the striving to impose the so-called social justice in society, regardless of the consequences. The intention to do good or to undo an evil that has been committed has unforeseen consequences for the doer, the end-result being completely opposed to the intent of the action. Hence the cunning of evil terminology.

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The exorcism. A Religious and Medical Perspective on the Demonic-Possession Phenomenon

Author(s): Iosif Tamaș,Alexandra Bolos / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2022

Saying prayers and enchantments to cast out demons from the body of a possessed person, the exorcism is a public act of the Christian Church, performed with authority, in the name of Jesus Christ, requiring that the person or object in question be protected from Satan’s possession and released from his dominion. This definition includes the act itself as well as the means used. The tradition of the church considers that the clues of demonic possession can be: speaking a language unknown to the possessor or understanding it, revealing things that are far away or hidden; abnormal physical strength due to the person’s age or condition, someone else’s speech through the possessed, self-harm and suicide attempts, aggressive and restless behavior, anger, extraordinary perceptual power, supernatural knowledge, extraordinary demonic phenomena such as cramps, screams, falls, exhaustion, but also the perfect healing after the expulsion. Usually, before consuming the exorcism, it is crucial to determine whether it is the presence of the evil one and not a mental illness, the care of which is within the competence of the medical sciences. In this article we will analyse the following aspects: The Bible and the demons, Jesus Christ – the conqueror of demons and Satan, the church’s activity on exorcisms, the medical perspective and finally some journalistic records about the seriousness of misunderstanding the phenomenon of possession.

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The Human Person, Facing the Spiritual and the Social Crises

Author(s): Emilian Crisanul Nica / Language(s): English / Issue: Suppl. 1/2021

The present study covers several aspects regarding the human person who has experienced and will experience diverse crises occurred in society, namely social and spiritual crises, and it also includes aspects related to families which suffer because of the crises which emerge in the world, in the country, and in the community. The spiritual (Christian) crisis is caused by man’s secularization, namely, by his desire to live without God, only through his own forces, and according to what his rationality dictates. In an extended statement, we notice that the social crisis is determined by other crises: economic, financial, military, political, the crisis of the family, etc. Nowadays, these crises are deepened by the Covid-19 pandemic, by the restrictive measures taken in order to stop the pandemic from spreading. Through the Holy Church, God offers solutions to the people in order to surpass the spiritual crises: faith, prayer, alms-giving, and love. The social crises can also be overcome through communion, sacrifice, trust, and wisdom. The Christian, the family, the Church, the School, and the community have experienced and will experience crises which thoroughly challenge our love of God and of people. If people are anchored in the imperishable values of life, this will create real possibilities for overcoming the crises emerging into the world.

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