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Considerații de drept comparat privind regimul juridic al mărcilor – S.U.A. versus România
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Considerații de drept comparat privind regimul juridic al mărcilor – S.U.A. versus România

Author(s): Ruxandra Vișoiu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 02/2021

Although in our daily activity we work mainly in the Romanian law (or, at most, the European law), we are firm supporters of the need to broaden our horizons and to understand the foreign legal systems in order to enrich our knowledge, but also to grow as professionals of law; in particular, when we refer to countries such as the United States, an important economic power, with a solid system of law, from which we can draw the inspiration ourselves. This type of „legal inspiration” helps us a lot to understand other systems of law and to collaborate in cases such as the enforcement of foreign legal decisions, the application of foreign law in local files, helping companies to develop their businesses also in other parts than the country of origin – including Romania. In addition, the Romanian law has been substantially improved over time, having as source of inspiration the legal provisions from other countries. The trademark law – the need to explore and compare the systems of Romanian and American law – resulted, first of all, from the practical need, but also from the desire for knowledge. Although at first glance it looks very different, the U.S. trademark system is very similar to the Romanian one. There are the aspects that could be improved if we found a way to include them in our own legal system. There are some similarities, but also differences, between the regulation of trademarks in the Romanian and American legal systems, and we have tried to highlight some of them. Primo Angeli, an expert in brands, mentioned: „A great trademark is appropriate, dynamic, distinctive, memorable and unique.” Thus, whether we call it brand or trademark, we are not as different as we might think.

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Historische Vergleichung als Erkenntnismethode. Die vergleichende Beobachtung von Recht und Staat im 18. Jahrhundert

Historische Vergleichung als Erkenntnismethode. Die vergleichende Beobachtung von Recht und Staat im 18. Jahrhundert

Author(s): Heinz Mohnhaupt / Language(s): German Issue: 1/2021

The comparison and comparation (also comparatio, comparative studies) present today a general method of cognition for determining similarities and differences in society. Most sciences (law, anatomy, politics, languages, culture etc.) have their own comparative foundations, although these form separate disciplines or methods. Comparative law has been developing as a science since the 19th century. The historical background and discussion about the purpose and benefits of comparison are discussed in this article. They originate mostly in the universalism of the Enlightenment philosophy, the practical approach of which, is based on comparative methodological principles, which it uses for legal development of the state and society. In the 18th century, this mainly involved determination of the “interest” of the state and creation of a systematic codification.

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Fenomenul aculturației juridice – noțiuni preliminare, limite și implicarea globalizării

Fenomenul aculturației juridice – noțiuni preliminare, limite și implicarea globalizării

Author(s): Ana-Maria Goldan / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2021

Legal acculturation involves a recognition of values, followed by the assimilation and then transformation of the legal norm, adapting it to the needs of the lending company. The phenomenon occurs as a result of direct contact between civilizations and generates reciprocal changes, of a legislative nature. The process of legal acculturation also involves the phenomenon of globalization. Can we argue that taking over the rules from foreign legislation can also bring disadvantages to one's own legal system? Can imitation of foreign legal norms be far from the truth, as Plato suggested? Through this paper, we examined the definition and content of legal acculturation. Then, we analyzed the relationship between globalization and legal acculturation, using predominantly foreign sources. Thus, we discovered that, depending on the intensity of the dialogue between civilizations, we are talking about variable results in the legal systems of the world.

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LE SYSTÈME JURIDIQUE UNITAIRE À L’EPREUVE DU DROIT COUTUMIER : LA NÉCESSITÉ D’UNE TERRITORIALISATION DU DROIT

LE SYSTÈME JURIDIQUE UNITAIRE À L’EPREUVE DU DROIT COUTUMIER : LA NÉCESSITÉ D’UNE TERRITORIALISATION DU DROIT

Author(s): Carine Guémar / Language(s): French Issue: 1/2021

The French State is a unitary State as opposed to federal States, in which there is one Constitution providing for provisions applicable throughout the territory of the French Republic. Unity can be found in a legal unity first, in this the unitary Law is the one that does not admit of territorial differenciation. A political and organic unity, since there is only one Parliament, one Government. A social unity eventually, which consists of the admission of a single French people. If the French tradition is based on a centralized system, the implementation of the process of territorial decentralization led to reconsider the uniformity of the Law precisely with the question of territorial differenciation and territorialisation of Law. The present study proposes to return to the consideration by unitary Law of local territories including the overseas territories with the problem of reconciling such a system with customary Law.

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Land law principles in the post-soviet states

Author(s): Alexey A. Demichev,Vera A. Iliukhina,Elena Safronova / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2021

The purpose of the article is to conduct a comparative analysis of the legal technique of enshrining the principle of land law in a number of post-Soviet states. The study sources are the Constitutions and Land Codes of the post-Soviet states enshrining the land law principles. The methodological basis of the study consists of the formal-legal analysis (interpretation method) of normative legal acts and the comparative-legal method. The authors consider the land law principles as the initial, basic normatively fixed ideas underlying the legal regulation of land relations. In Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, and Ukraine, the primary land law principles are enshrined in Constitutions and Land Codes. The minimum number of land law principles enshrined in the Land Codes of post-Soviet states ranges from five to twelve. Simultaneously, in the legislation of any state, there is no exhaustive list of land law principles.

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Gondolatok és javaslatok a román Polgári törvénykönyv magyar fordításához

Gondolatok és javaslatok a román Polgári törvénykönyv magyar fordításához

Author(s): Tamás Nótári,Előd Pál / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 2/2021

In this paper, we wish to make a few comments on the third edition of the hungarian translation of the Romanian Civil Code, without claiming to be exhaustive. Our translation suggestions concern certain provisions of personal (and family) law, law of property and law of obligations. We will expand on the concepts of legal personality, legal capacity and capacity to act in the personal law section, the concepts of property and assets in the law of property section, and the relationship between the concepts of legal fact and deed in the law of obligations section, and then make translation and correction suggestions for all the other articles in the books mentioned.

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Mongolian Investment Regulation and Arbitration

Mongolian Investment Regulation and Arbitration

Author(s): Bataa Ninjin / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

The author of the study presents the Mongolian legal environment regulating foreign direct investment. The evolution of the rules governing this field is presented in a chronological order from the democratization of Mongolia in the early 1990s to the present day. The author remarks the changes in the rules over time, which show an evolution towards a more level playing field between foreign investors, who were initially in a privileged position when compared to domestic investors. Other changes concern the authorization requirements for foreign investments, which evolved in order to hinder the activity of foreign state-owned enterprises in Mongolia and also to safeguard Mongolian mineral wealth. Investor protection mechanisms are emphasized, such as state commitments to not modifying the taxation environment. The study analyses international arbitration case-law pertaining to foreign investment protection in Mongolia.

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CONȘTIENTIZAREA DREPTULUI TRANSNAȚIONAL ÎN ACȚIUNE

CONȘTIENTIZAREA DREPTULUI TRANSNAȚIONAL ÎN ACȚIUNE

Author(s): Radu Bogdan Bobei / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 3/2021

Transnational situations are the image of the transnational law in action. This paper outlines the need of theorizing this transnational law in action. Such theory cannot neglect the transnational legal orders. The interaction between actors of private law and actors of public law is full of dynamics. Furthermore, the same interaction deploys beyond and across the territories of the nations-States altogether. Theorizing such interaction – the core of transnational law in action, involves, after all, the understanding of the transnational realities we are living.

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Contribuția Înaltei Curți de Casație și Justiție la interpretarea și aplicarea dreptului Uniunii Europene în România prin recursuri în interesul legii.

Contribuția Înaltei Curți de Casație și Justiție la interpretarea și aplicarea dreptului Uniunii Europene în România prin recursuri în interesul legii.

Author(s): Daniel - Mihail Şandru / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2021

The Supreme Court of Romania has at its disposal a procedure whereby it can give a decision to unify the domestic case-law, namely the appeal in the interest of the law. The study examines all appeals in the interest of the law, from 2003 to the present. Typologies of the application of European Union law are taken into account, highlighting decisions in which the interpretation of the legal rules in the new codes in civil and criminal matters was taken into account. Appeals in the interest of the law followed the general social interest, the problems that were considered in unifying the case-law being in the field of criminal law, especially the European arrest warrant, then successive forms of the car registration tax and unfair terms.

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Компарација пољопривредног саветодавног система Републике Србије и Европске уније

Компарација пољопривредног саветодавног система Републике Србије и Европске уније

Author(s): Katarina Đurić,Radivoj Prodanović,Miralem Jahić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 60/2017

In modern conditions, agricultural advisory service, as one of the organizational developmental measures of agricultural policy, presents important factor of agricultural and rural development. Its role and tasks have changed over the time, but since forever, the education of the rural population and informing them about measures of agricultural policy, market trends and other issues relevant for their development have been the basis of advisory activity in the agricultural field. The subject of research is the state and problems that agricultural advisory service faces in the Republic of Serbia and the European Union, as well as existing legislative-legal framework, by which advisory work in agriculture is regulated. The analysis of relevant domestic and foreign literature, as well as regulations in the field of agricultural advisory, provided an insight into which the key guidelines of functioning and development of agricultural advisory service in our country and countries of the European Union are. The aim of the research is to reach the conclusion to what extent the institutional framework, as well as financing agricultural advisory system in the Republic of Serbia is in accordance with European Union legislation.

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Диверзионе мере према малолетницима у упоредном праву

Диверзионе мере према малолетницима у упоредном праву

Author(s): Vesna Rajaković,Nikola Ilić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 59/2017

The legal status of minors in comparative law in recent decades had undergone profound changes. This is especially the case with the criminal legislation which has been updated and revised new system of criminal measures against juveniles. These diversion measures require compliance with the relevant provisions of substantive and procedural criminal law, but in certain segments with the family law. The application of different legal rules assumed formal legal conditions necessary for the implementation of diverse measures which further demonstrates their importance for minors. At first glance is evident the intention of the legislators to the application of diversion measures to protect primary juvenile delinquents of all the consequences that entail the conduct of criminal proceedings and the application of criminal sanctions. Thus stated ratio legis of diversion measures has enabled the various modalities in their application in comparative law. Accordingly, we will consider more states in which the law is the application of diversion measures envisaged as an alternative to criminal procedure and criminal sanctions. These are primarily: the USA, the UK, Germany and France. What makes this state representative is their territorial distance and belonging to different legal systems.

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Јавнобележнички депозит у упоредном праву

Јавнобележнички депозит у упоредном праву

Author(s): Milena Trgovčević Prokić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 52-53/2015

Latin form of notaries adopted by our law provides that taking over the documents, money and securities of value storing and delivery fall within the scope of an independent competence of Public Affairs notary. He can perform these tasks also by court order, but also the competitive jurisdiction of the court is reserved. The public notary deposit has the purpose to protect against the risk of counterparty failure to fulfill obligations, as in the phase of concluding the contract, where the free will by the parties, so that to the forced fulfillment of obligations can only come by legal action. The essential difference between the court and public notary deposits exists in the way of providing protection to the parties. The court may order admission to the Court, money, valued documents when it is opposed by another party. However, this difference does not always manifest, due to the jurisdiction of the court, when this jurisdiction manifests itself as a competitive competence in the care of documents such as, for example, depositing legacy. The institute of public notaries in the process of deposit permits the release of courts in terms of unnecessary case management by the court order in inheritance or individual rights that have no professional executor, in enforcement proceedings. The confession of notaries - storage of documents, money, valuable documents and other, as well as other similar businesses that are now mostly made in extra-judicial proceedings, leads to the relief of the courts and the increase of their work in resolving disputes between legal entities, and thus to faster realization of citizens' rights for achieving legality.

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Правна заштита културних добара у Уједињеном Краљевству

Правна заштита културних добара у Уједињеном Краљевству

Author(s): Filip Mirić,Aleksandra Mirić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 51/2015

Future of some society depends of the way it protect its cultural heritage. Cultural heritage shall enjoy special protection in all modern countries. This protection is achieved primarily non-criminal measures relating to the conservation of cultural heritage, their presentation and popularization. However , when necessary, as a last resort to protect, the are provisions of the criminal law. State provides special protection of cultural properties by the criminalization of certain actions that may lead to their damage or destruction. EU member states are committed to providing criminal laws complement and enhance this protection . As an example, authors analyzed the relevant criminal provisions of the Act on the Protection of Cultural Property in the UK , as well as the Criminal Code of Serbia, using comparative method considered the options for improving our criminal law in the protection of cultural property and thus contribute to the harmonization of the rights of the Republic of Serbia with the EU. Although it is two completely different legal system, certain legal provisions common type in this field can be successfully implemented in the Republic of Serbia, which is especially prominent in the work.

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Упоредноправни приказ одговорности у вези са преговорима за закључење уговора

Упоредноправни приказ одговорности у вези са преговорима за закључење уговора

Author(s): Samir Manić,Melisa Softić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 37-38/2011

The authors of the paper analyse the regulation of institutes of responsibility for dishonest conduct of negotiations in the normative acts of certain countries and they are as follows: Greece, Italy, Poland, Slovenia, the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Macedonia, Montenegro, Croatia, this also including the Article 30 of the Law of Contracts and Torts of the Republic of Serbia. The subject of the analysis is also the regulation of behaviour of parties during negotiations established in the court practice and theory of Switzerland, Germany, France and Hungary. The analysis also includes the regulations of the most significant secondary sources of the Contract Law, the regulations of the Principles of European Contract Law (PECL) and of the Common Conceptual Framework (DCFR). A great role in the regulation of pre-contract relationships plays the principle of scruple and honesty and therefore, considerable attention is paid to them in this article.

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Стратегија сузбијања породичног насиља у Шведској

Стратегија сузбијања породичног насиља у Шведској

Author(s): Danijela V. Spasić,Dalibor Kekić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 31-32/2010

In this article, the authors make a short review of the European legislation on family violence analysing the Swedish cabinet strategic document – the Action Plan for combating men’s violence against women, violence and oppression in the name of honour and violence in the same-sex relationships. This document contains the most important issues, measures and activities in that area. The Action Plan of the Swedish Cabinet is an example of “good practice” that contains the most important directives of the Council of Europe, the European Union and the European Parliament. The article defines the key points of the Action Plan and these analyses present the guidelines for the creation of the Serbian Strategy for Combating Family Violence.

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ОБИЧНА ИНТЕРВЕНЦИЈА У ПАРНИЧНОМ ПОСТУПКУ (упоредноправни преглед и југословенско право)

ОБИЧНА ИНТЕРВЕНЦИЈА У ПАРНИЧНОМ ПОСТУПКУ (упоредноправни преглед и југословенско право)

Author(s): Vesna Rakić-Vodinelić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2-3/1996

The subject matter of the present contribution covers the review of a comparative law nature concerning the conditions for the simple intervention, the kinds of intervention, and the effects of the judgment regarding the simple intervening party. The simple (secondary) intervening party implies a third person voluntarily taking part in a litigation after having an interest of his own in succeeding at the court of one of the litigant parties termed as principal (original) parties. In spite of differences regarding the requirements for the intervention by a third person, in terms of comparative law, one may still conclude that European continental laws and the Anglo-American laws recognize the right of intervention to a third person having a legal interest relating to a specific litigation, provided such interest emanates out of substantive-law connection between the third person and one or both of the original parties to the case. The basic difference between the European continental laws, on the one hand, and the Anglo-Americal laws, on the other, as far as reqirements for the intervention are concerned, consists, in the case of the former laws, in the fact that the third person should only have a legal interest which does not need to result into an independent claim aimed against one or both of the parties. In the Anglo-American model, however, an independent claim of the intervening third person is necessary. Therefore in the Anglo-American laws, the intervening party has the capacity of a litigant, so that his (her) participation creates a new litigation. On the other hand, according to the solution in the European continental laws, a simple and voluntary intervening party ordinarily does not have the capacity of a litigating party, namely, he (she) may have it only as an exception. The ratio legis of the intervention discussed in the article relates to the need of a third person to influence the substance of the judgment, since it may bind him directly (after acquiring the capacity of a party, or after being a party), or it may bind him in an indirect way (so-called intervention effect). The binding character of a judgment regarding the intervening party is eliminated in the European continental laws by way of the two following methods: by an objection claiming unconscionable proceeding, and through an extraordinary legal remedy applied by the third person. Yugoslav law does not contain norms covering the intervention effect of the judgment, and the objections claiming unconsionable proceeding in the litigation, so that this legal lacuna is eliminated by analogous application of the solution found in German positive law. The author considers that this is justified since the requirements for the simple intervention and the position of the simple intervening party are almost identical in both systems of law.

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ПАРТИЦИПАЦИ ЈА РАДНИКА У УПРАВЉАЊУ ПРЕДУЗЕЋЕМ У УПОРЕДНОМ ПРАВУ

ПАРТИЦИПАЦИ ЈА РАДНИКА У УПРАВЉАЊУ ПРЕДУЗЕЋЕМ У УПОРЕДНОМ ПРАВУ

Author(s): Branko A. Lubarda / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 5/1994

The subject matter treated are terminological and notional determinations of the participation of workers. Economic, labour-social and psychological arguments favouring the participation are pointed out, but also criticisms in the theory made by the employers and also by some trade union headquarters. Comparative law show's that legal regime of participation may be instrumentalized through heteronomous acts (special statutes on participation, general labour legislation or, partly, the statute concerning enterprises), or autonomous ones (collective agreements, internal statutes of the enterprises, participation programs and plans). The author emphasizes the advantages of statutoiy regulation. There are indirect and direct forms of participation of workers in managing enterprises, as well as institutional and non-institutional forms. Speaking of the institutional ones, particularly elaborated are the German and French models of the labour council (enterprise committee). These two differ more in terms of the composition and way of election, while less in terms of the function (jurisdiction) of the council. Further elaborated is the issue of parity and minority representation in the supervisory and/or managing board of the enterprise. Finally, author’s attention is dedicated to the director of labour and the worker-director, as an obligatory member of the managing board. Comparative review is continued with the elaboration of non-institutional forms of participation, and more particularly of joint consulting, quality circles, and a meeting of autonomous work teams, which are especially developed in Anglo-Saxon countries and Japan.

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СИСТЕМИ КОНЦЕСИЈA У БИВШИМ СОЦИЈАЛИСТИЧКИМ ЗЕМЉАМА - Југославија, Мађарска, Бугарска, Русиј

СИСТЕМИ КОНЦЕСИЈA У БИВШИМ СОЦИЈАЛИСТИЧКИМ ЗЕМЉАМА - Југославија, Мађарска, Бугарска, Русиј

Author(s): Ljubiša Dabić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 3-4/1993

The theme of the article is thorough elaboration of all significant matters of the system of concession in Hungary, Yugoslavia, Bulgaria and Russia. After the introductory historical review of granting concessions in the Russian socialist republic, the author analyzes from the comparative law angle the legal sources - de lege lata, the kinds of concessions, contracting parties, concession tender, the contract of concession (the form, the substance, period of validity, rescission and compensation), company (i.e. enterprise) engaged in the activity covered by the concession, the ways of termination of concession, settling of disputes and implementation of law. The author also criticizes legal conceptions concerning concession in the reviewed countries, while pointing at possible solutions, procedure and way of their normative regulation.

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КОЛЕКТИВНИ РАДНИ СПОРОВИ У УПОРЕДНОМ ПРАВУ - Основни принципи и методи решавања-

КОЛЕКТИВНИ РАДНИ СПОРОВИ У УПОРЕДНОМ ПРАВУ - Основни принципи и методи решавања-

Author(s): Branko A. Lubarda / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 6/1990

The subject matter of the article are the general notion of the collective labour dispute, both legal and interest — wise, as well as the basic principles and methods of settling these disputes. Especially elaborated are the solutions found in comparative law of developed countries with a long tradition of collective bargaining and negotiating. The principle of voluntarism which is characteristic for the philosophy and practice of collective negotiation in the sphere of labour, gives rise to the principle of extending priority to peaceful settlement of collective labour disputes, namely to reconciliation, mediation and arbitration. As a rule, the strike is resorted to only after peaceful methods have given no result. Conditions are analyzed also for effecting a legal strike, as well as legal consequences of this kind of strike, and the illigal one.

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Pozycja oraz opinia biegłego w sądowej praktyce zawodowej w systemie prawnym anglosaskim i rosyjskim. Rys porównawczy

Pozycja oraz opinia biegłego w sądowej praktyce zawodowej w systemie prawnym anglosaskim i rosyjskim. Rys porównawczy

Author(s): Stanisław Goźdź-Roszkowski,Julia Mazurkiewicz-Sułkowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 16/2022

This paper approaches the position of expert witnesses and written expert opinions from a comparative perspective by considering such aspects as: qualifications required to become an expert witness, the way in which experts are appointed, the role and importance of expert opinion in court proceedings. The paper discusses the impact of legal provisions on the way(s) in which the opinions are expressed, especially the extent to which law imposes a fixed organizational format. It turns out that some fundamental differences between the position of expert opinions and their opinions result from the radically different legal systems and cultures. While the Russian legal system appears to codify nearly each aspect of the expert witness work and their opinion, experts in Anglo-American systems have much more leeway in shaping the conventions of the genre, as long as they take account of the general standards contained in the relevant legislation and case law.

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