"Korošec vihti bič nad železničarji" (Stavka železničarjev leta 1920 in minister za promet Anton Korošec)

Author(s): Mateja Ratej / Language(s): Slovenian / Issue: 1/2010

In the following discussion the author focuses on the role of Anton Korošec in the railway strike of April 1920, when as a Head of the Slovenian People's Party he was the Minister of Transport in Stojan Protić's government. After the government of the Kingdom of SHS abolished the collective labour agreement for transport workers, in April 1920 transport all over the state was brought to a halt by a railway strike. The workers on strike were joined by the communists, who saw the mobilisation of the workers as a strong political potential. In the years after the establishment of the Kingdom, the communists represented an influential political factor. In November of the same year, after the Constituent Assembly elections, they became the third most powerful party in the country. On 24 April the strike on the streets of Ljubljana transcended any democratic norms. After the police and military intervention, 13 workers died on the Zaloška cesta street. A few days before that, at the assembly of the Slovenian People's Party confidants in Ljubljana, Korošec had cautioned against the danger of the communist movement, while during the strike he refused to communicate with the railway representatives, claiming that the strike was illegal - that is, unannounced.

Action Plans for Sustainable Procurement Across the Public Sector with Impact on Supply Chain

Author(s): Teodora Paducel / Language(s): English / Issue: S2/2009

Public procurement can influence trends in production and consumption, a considerable demand for environmental goods by public authorities to create or expand markets for products and services environmentally friendly. In this way, companies will be encouraged to develop environmental technology designed to prevent or reduce the effects on environment at any stage of the life cycle of products or activities. Green Public Procurement will influence the whole supply chain, the use of raw materials and production methods to the types of packaging used and that certain conditions of reception of waste.

Adam Jabłoński, Marek Jabłoński, Mechanizmy efektywnego zarządzania bezpieczeństwem w transporcie kolejowym

Author(s): Andrzej Chodynski / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 4/2018

ADMINISTRATIVE DISCRETION ASSUMPTIONS IN DEVELOPING CUSTOMS LOGISTICS

Author(s): Alfonsas Laurinavicius / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2018

In recent years, increasing attention has been paid to the security of international flows, with a focus on a specific area of logistics, namely, customs logistics, understandably both as a new branch of science and as an integral, complex and multifaceted area of activity. Customs logistics includes the processes, functions and challenges of transportation, warehousing, forwarding, inventory management, management of flows/resources and other areas of activity, insofar as they are related to the legal acts implemented by customs, customs supervision, interaction between customs and business in developing secure international trade. This is an area of research and practice which is rapidly developing, is open to innovations and new ideas, is introducing smart technologies and is consolidating intellectual capital and which is closely linked to economics, management, law and other areas of research activity. The distinctive feature of logistics, including customs logistics, is the management of flows and resources in the international supply chain, regulation of logistic operations, functions and processes at the international, regional and national levels, wide geography of activities, increasingly complex interactions between entities of logistic activity, optimal use of resources, creation of added value using instruments of logistic activity, rational and effective risk management, ensuring of safety and security.The outcome of activity in customs logistics (the length of delivery of a consignment, safety and security, speedy and inexpensive completion of formalities, prompt and efficient performance of logistic operations) is determined not only by the logistic operations performed, but also, and sometimes primarily, by the nature of interaction between entities of this activity and controlling institutions (customs authorities, border guard, etc.), possibilities of cooperation and its consequences, the compatibility of information, computer and communications technologies, the efficient use of available information resources, the validity, objectivity and rationality of decisions and discretions. Changes in the activity of customs as the state institution implementing customs and international trade policy directly and significantly influence the security of the EU’s economic area.The article presents one of the possible concepts of customs logistics as a new area of logistic activity, discusses guidelines for customs and business cooperation and tendencies of the implementation of the discretionary powers granted to customs officials in enhancing the security of international trade.

AHP-VIKOR Bütünleşik Yaklaşımıyla Lojistik Risk Faktörlerinin ve Risk Yönetimi Araçlarının Sıralanması: Samsun İli Örneği

Author(s): Selçuk Korucuk,Hamit Erdal / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 3/2018

The aim of this study is to identify the logistic risk factors in companies which are carrying out cold chain transportation in Samsun province where logistics work and transactions are performed intensively and to perform the sorting of the tools used in logistic risk management. In this regard, an evaluation has been carried out via integrated AHP-VIKOR approach and 25 experts opinions have been received from companies that carry out cold chain transportation, academicians, and logistics service providers. According to the AHP results in the first stage, the most important logistic risk elements has been the “Packaging Risks” and this criterion followed by “Transportation Risks”, “Organizational Risks”, “Purchasing Risks” and “Inventory Risks”, respectively. In the second stage, the tools used in logistics risk management have been ranked by VIKOR method. Accordingly, the most ideal tool has been determined as “Statistical Process Control”.

AKILLI KENT LOJİSTİĞİNİN MEKANSAL İLİŞKİLENDİRİLMESİ

Author(s): Gülsen T. Aydin,ZÜBEYDE ÖZTÜRK / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 1/2019

The century we live in is surrounded by technological innovations witnessed by human life. One of them is technological innovations in the field of transportation and logistics. Geographical Information Systems (GIS) based dynamic information systems, intelligent transportation systems (ITS) and other technological innovations, such as logistics information systems (LIS), have enabled users to select the most appropriate route and reduce travel time. These innovations are also used to increase the efficiency of cargo delivery operations . Technological changes have also changed the ways of urban transport-logistic space decision making, which is the biggest contribution of urban logistics intelligence to the city. For example, a comparative analysis of the urban load mobility of the two cities in Spain was made by using the data obtained from the global positioning system (GPS) technology. The aim of the study is to show that urban load movements can be determined and modeled by GPS data and provide an evaluation of where and how urban logistics policies will be implemented efficiently. Also in Londra, a supplier has conducted a study on the role of electrical delivery vehicles to reduce traffic and environmental impacts. In the study, in which the logistics service providers in the Netherlands explained how they have developed a more Euro 5 engines have their own solutions without public support in order to improve the logistics of the city of providing logistics services in the Netherlands, such as GPS navigation systems, silent vehicles, equipment and communication technologies focused on solutions.The development of sustainable urban forms all around the world has begun to be supported by technology and the concept of smart city has been born. Today, too much work is being done on the concept of smart city. One of the most important functions of the smart city concept is the concept of smart mobility. The concept of smart mobility includes all human, freight and information flow that moves in the urban area. Smart cities will require smart city logistics with real-time data. The technology infrastructure for a city will become indispensable for its complex life and intelligent load mobility, in the city in logistics, "last mile (the so-called problem of the final stage of delivery to the customer in the distribution channels)" and "capillary distribution (blood flow distribution in living bodies). The concept used for delivery to the end consumer within the supply chain network inspired by the system will contribute to the development of eco-systems . Since urban logistics is a systematic structure that focuses on planning, design and implementation, reasoning is important in urban development. Systems such as the development and use of cargo units in urban areas, urban consolidation centers and the development of underground logistics, and the consolidation and coordination processes between them are within the scope of intelligent urban logistics. In addition, intelligent load, vehicle and information mobility in urban areas and combinatorial discrete-selection position models and network design formulations used in urban logistics planning and design expand the scope of intelligent urban logistics. In addition, planning decision support systems in urban logistics areas and urban load distribution with e-commerce, urban transport networks, logistics facilities and other basic urban infrastructure collection and analysis, urban distribution network design and planning, modern information technology and related scientific and technological use of applications and urban logistics resources, intelligent timing and fast and efficient load distribution, real-time query platforms, urban public distribution network applications are covered by intelligent urban logistics. Again, taking into consideration the future targets of the logistics activities of the city, an advanced information system, cooperation of freight transportation systems, public logistics terminals and new concepts and solutions such as the underground transportation of the freight transportation system and technological innovations in the vehicles can be counted among the smart city logistics solutions. In order to promote urban sustainable development, this study, which explains the benefits of load and fleet movement in urban areas, is important in this respect. In the study, "smart city, smart city logistics, urban logistics, urban planning, urban logistics planning, city logistics, intelligent transportation systems, logistics information technologies, transportation and logistics decision making process, decision support systems, logistics network design, modeling, GPS, multiple examples such as transportation, new vehicle technologies, etc. have been analyzed in foreign and domestic literature and examples from world applications have been made. In this study, it is aimed to explain the concepts of urban logistics, smart city and smart city logistics and technology based components of smart city logistics. Access to real-time data, cloud technology, modeling, urban planning and decision support systems, geographic information systems, location selection and place in city logistics network planning and design, e-commerce, e-logistics, e-freight, effects of internet on smart urban logistics and small city distribution centers and warehouse handling activities, multi-load transportation methods and new vehicle technologies. The study focuses on explaining the benefits of intelligent urban logistics to urban and urban load mobility with the examples given in research subjects such as smart city logistics platforms with real-time query facilities and programs that companies apply specifically. In this study, the concepts of logistics and smart city logistics in urban areas, the advantages of daily life of smart city logistics, intelligent information platforms within the scope of smart city logistics and examples of innovative applications such as company specific programs are given. Urban logistics requires a range of data and knowledge to identify problems in the urban area, to collect and analyze data, to know the spread of urban logistics, to develop models and to evaluate alternatives. The integration of all these logistics activities with the technology constitutes the intelligent smart city logistics. Smart city logistics, which increases the benefits of security and user, but also reduces pollution, consumption and congestion in the city.The aim of smart city logistics is to minimize carbon emissions and urban congestion due to urban mobility, to save energy, to achieve zero error in accidents and security, to reduce logistics operation costs and to improve the quality of life in the city. Two of the three principles on which city logistics relies are sustainability and liveability are concepts that ensure the continuity of intelligent mobility . Sustainability and quality of life objectives are the elements that focus on smart city development. Innovative technologies are needed to address the logistics challenges of smart cities in urban areas. The smart city will have many different uses in the form of technologies, automation, sensors, analytics and integration of IoT in the realization of urban space. The connection of intelligent urban logistics with urban space consists of communication technologies systems and advanced technologies that make people, loads, vehicles and roads integrated smart. Advanced electronic and communication technologies have the ability not only to reduce the wisdom of data to space in urban areas , but also to reduce the costs of dispatch, increase productivity and operation speed of local delivery vehicles, intervene immediately in the supply chain, and exchange data and information between stakeholders in the chain. Therefore, the main function of these technologies, which have horizontal data integration, is to rationalize and integrate. While real-time data collection, data processing and information distribution can be realized in the rationalization function, they connect and coordinate the main elements of the system in the integration function. Rationalizing the relationship between space and mobility in urban areas reduces environmental and social negative impacts. These technologies offer a wide range of opportunities to cities to improve land use and urban logistics plans.

AMBALAJ TASARIMINDA İŞLEVSELLİK VE SİLİNDİR FORMUNDAKİ GIDA AMBALAJLARI İÇİN BİR SİSTEM ÖNERİSİ

Author(s): Çaghan Agca,Merve Ersan,Birsen Çeken / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 28/2018

Packaging is the process of covering or wrapping the product in a way that meets the needs of the consumer with a convenient material, taking into account of the transport and storage of the product. The roots of packaging extend back to the solutions that primitive people find instinctively to use their food for later. In order to sustain their lives, the primitive people used materials in the nature such as tree leaves, fruit husks, animal skin for purposes such as preserving, wrapping, storing and transporting foodstuffs for later consumption. Later on during the civilization period, these materials were shifted to objects such as baskets, wooden barrels, and has finally been transformed into modern protective packaging made from metal, plastic, glass or paper materials we use today. In the beginning, packaging design meets the needs of protection and transportation of products, but with the development of trade and competition, he has also undertaken commercial and functional tasks. After the consumer purchase the product, the relationship with the packaging does not end. The consumer is in constant relation with the packaging during the opening, closing, using and trashing. The whole experience completes the image of his product-related mind and will be effective in the next purchase decision. Functional packaging designs are a way to enhance the value of any product and the overall user experience. Besides, brands can improve user and product interaction by including alternative uses in packaging designs. In this study; packaging design is examined in terms of functionality and a design proposal for food packages in the form of cylinders is presented.

An analysis of the spatial distribution, influence and quality of urban green space – a case study of the Polish city of Tczew

Author(s): Adam Senetra,Iwona Krzywnicka,Marcin Mielke / Language(s): English / Issue: 42/2018

Rapid urban growth can exert negative effects on the natural environment due to the loss of naturally vegetated areas, loss of biological diversity, deforestation and soil erosion. The condition of cities is inherently linked with the natural environment which has a positive influence on health, social relations, human welfare and economic activity. Urban areas should abound in green spaces, and should also be easily accessible to the general public. The aim of this study was to determine the spatial distribution, influence and quality of urban green spaces on the example of the city of Tczew in northern Poland. The proposed methodology can be applied in cities of a similar size and urban structure to promote rational management of urban green space in line with the principles of sustainable development and spatial order. The Green-Space Record, a useful tool for inventorying urban green spaces, was developed to pursue the main research goal. The information accumulated in the Record constitutes valuable input data for further analysis, including the determination of the area, distribution, influence and quality of urban green spaces. The results of the analysis revealed that urban green spaces occupy more than 19% of Tczew’s territory, which is equivalent to 70.6 m2 per resident. Managed green spaces span the area of only 66.75 ha (11.31 m2 per resident) and are unevenly distributed in the city. More than half of these areas are found in the Stare Miasto (Old Town) district, whereas two residential districts (Gdańska, Prątnica) are completely devoid of public greens. The quality of urban green spaces is generally satisfactory in Tczew; however, not all residents have equal access to high-quality public greens.

An Examination of Servitization as a Breakthrough Success Factor Along the Supply Chain

Author(s): Judit Oláh,József Popp,Domicián Máté / Language(s): English / Issue: 15/2017

The turbulent changing economic environment following the 2008 global financial and economic crisis has posed a major challenge to the majority of producing and manufacturing companies. The recessionary economy of the European Union, the “marginal countries” existence on the edge of bankruptcy, the shortage of loans and the subdued consumption of the population all affect the way in which products are marketed and the integration of accompanying services. This change has a significant impact on logistics processes and logistics service providers, as they face changing tasks and challenges in supply chain management. The authors intend to address this impact in their article, which also takes into account the results of international scientific papers.

Analiza i prognozowanie popytu pasażerskiego na przykładzie wybranych portów lotniczych w Polsce

Author(s): Jacek Jankiewicz / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 0

We wprowadzeniu do artykułu przedstawiono cele powziętej analizy oraz zarysowano problematykę pomiaru i prognozowania popytu na usługi portów lotniczych. W dalszej części zaprezentowano podstawowe kategorie pasażerów korzystających z transportu lotniczego oraz główne narzędzia w analizie popytu na takie usługi. Wyniki analiz empirycznych popytu na usługi trzech regionalnych portów lotniczych w Polsce poprzedziły opis metod prognozowania ruchu w takich przedsiębiorstwach. W dalszej części zaprezentowano projekcje ruchu pasażerskiego w portach lotniczych w województwach pomorskim, wielkopolskim i śląskim. Wyniki analiz uzupełniono opisem spodziewanej mobilności ludności w wymienionych regionach.

Analyzing the Attitudes of Turkish Shipowning Companies Towards Green Shipping Application Aiming Sustainable Transportation

Author(s): Ilke Sezin Ayaz,Ismail Bilge Çetin / Language(s): English / Issue: 4/2018

Maritime transport is the basis of world trade and globalization. Although maritime transportation has the lowest negative impact on the environment, it has still effecting the environment through shipping emissions, oil spills, solid wastes, sewage and noise pollution from the ships. Therefore, maritime transport activities are becoming one of the most important topics on sustainability debate. This study aims to analyze the attitudes of Turkish shipowning companies towards green shipping applications including a thorough review of the literature and implementing a Delphi research. At the end of the third round of Delphi research, the respondents have reached a consensus on such domains as “company policy and procedures”, “shipping equipment”, “shipper cooperation”, “shipping design and compliance”, as well as the reasons for and the benefits of adapting and implementing green shipping practices. They, however, have not reached concensus on some statements related to “shipping documents”, “shipping materials” and difficulties of “implementing green shipping applications”.

Application of Activity Based Costing in Reverse Logistics Environment: A Case of End-of-life Vehicle Recovery in Turkey

Author(s): Semra Aksoylu,Neslihan Demirel / Language(s): English / Issue: 4/2018

Nowadays, there has been a growing interest in reverse logistics in both theory and practice due to legislations, economic and ecological benefits, and social responsibilities. If enterprises incorporating reverse logistics activities to its structure want to realize the required level of customer service and comply with related obligations at the lowest total cost, analyzing the actualized reverse logistics activities and correct determination and reduction of costs of these activities are essential for them. Traditional accounting methods are inadequate for accurate assignment of overhead costs. In this paper, an actual application of Activity Based Costing (ABC) to reverse logistics activities is presented in order to help managers to improve their understanding of costs that arises from reverse logistics activities. An illustrative case study in the end-of-life vehicle (ELV) recovery industry in Turkey is presented to demonstrate the steps of how ABC is applied to reverse logistics systems. The results enable to efficient management of reverse logistics activities and their costs in an ELV recovery chain and exhibit which reverse logistics activities performed by a dismantler cause the highest cost and can be improved. In the case study, products (ELVs) are evaluated as inputs and the obtained materials from reverse logistics activities are evaluated as outputs of the system by force of the nature of reverse logistics. Results show that while most cost of the company (52.7%) was related with the output of B Group of components/parts (sent to shredders); the minimum cost (12.3%) was realized for the output of A Group components/parts (sent to recyclers). The remaining 35% of the costs belong to the C Group of outputs (sent to secondary markets).

APPLICATION OF COMMERCIAL AIRCRAFT SELECTION IN AVIATION INDUSTRY THROUGH MULTI-CRITERIA DECISION MAKING METHODS

Author(s): Mahmut Bakir,Kasim KIRACI / Language(s): English / Issue: 04/2018

The purpose of this study is to determine the most suitable aircraft type by ranking the most demanded aircrafts by airline companies according to several criteria. In this context, the most ordered aircraft types in 2016; A320, A321, B737-800 and B737-900ER were analyzed based on their cost, performance and environmental factors. AHP, COPRAS and MOORA methods were used in the study. The findings of the study show that the results of multi-criteria decision making methods are consistent with each other and that the most appropriate type of aircraft is Boeing 737-800.

APPROACHING VALUE FOR MONEY TO ASSESS VIABILITY OF PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP PROJECTS

Author(s): Dinh Thi Thuy Hang / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2019

The aim of this paper is to evaluate whether decision-making to pursue a Public-Private partnership model is feasible to finance a project. In order to clarify this issue, this paper carries out an analysis based on an objective method, which is quantitative Value for Money (VFM) assessment. A case study of Trung Luong-My Thuan project in Vietnam is employed to explore the validity of the method. The research result proves that there is 99 percent probability that PPP is an appropriated model to implement this project. Additionally, the stimulated VFM output is positively sensitive to construction cost overrun risk, while it is negatively sensitive to traffic demand inaccuracy.

ATRAKCYJNOŚĆ WIZUALNA CIĄGÓW PIESZYCH W MIASTACH

Author(s): Ewa Trzaskowska,Pawel Adamiec / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2019

One of the most important human activities in cities is his transportation, which takes place along linear systems set in specific area. Walking on the pavements is especially valuable. In order to get this activity more popular the city should increase the quantity and quality of well designed, beautiful public spaces. Subjects of our work are issues related to the verification of existing ones and design of new linear systems of pedestrian traffic. Our main goal was to know the opinion of users on the walking trails in order to obtain tips for their optimization. Discussed problems have impact on the individual natural environment elements and pavements appearance on trails attractiveness.

AUTOMATING FORWARD AND REVERSE SUPPLY CHAINS IN THE CONTEXT OF INDUSTRY 4.0

Author(s): Florina Livia Covaci / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2019

The 4th industrial revolution brings in a transformation of the traditional supply chain towards a digital supply chain. The machines will be able to use algorithms that will enable them to automate the supply chain formation process and to quickly react to disruptions. The current approach proposes a mechanism based on a message passing inference scheme in order to address the automated supply chain formation problem in a closed-loop supply chain by integrating forward and reverse supply chains. Forward supply chain imply a series of activities required to produce new products from virgin materials and distribute them to consumers while reverse supply chains require collecting used products from consumers and reprocessing them to either recover their leftover market values or dispose of them. It has become common for companies involved in a forward supply chain to also carry out collection and reprocessing of used products. Strict environmental regulations and diminishing raw material resources have intensified the importance of reverse supply chains at an increasing rate. The proposed mechanism is evaluated using two type of supply chain configurations from textile and automobile industry, demonstrating that automated integration of reverse supply chains along with forward supply chains, lead to benefits for the participants in the supply chain.

AVRUPA BİRLİĞİNİN 181 / 2011 SAYILI TÜZÜĞÜNE GÖRE OTOBÜSLE SEYAHAT EDEN YOLCULARIN HAKLARI

Author(s): RAMAZAN DURGUT / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 1/2019

In Turkey, buses and minibuses are the most preferred option for interprovincial passenger transportation. Road passenger transport contract Between the articles 906 and 916 of the Turkish Commercial Code, the provisions of the former Law are regulated. Road transports have an administrative legal aspect as well as civil legal aspects. The administrative aspect of road transport is regulated by the Law on Road Transport, Road Transport and Road Traffic Law. But there is no agreement regulating international passenger transport by road.The most important part of passenger transport by road is passenger transportation by intercity buses. In the legislation, some regulations have been made on the compulsory personal accident insurance for the passengers and on the access of the disabled passengers to the transportation service. However, when the legislation was examined, it was seen that passenger rights were not regulated as a whole. In the European Union, passenger rights are arranged separately according to the vehicle and transportation method the passengers have chosen for travel.(1) Regulation (EC) No 261/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 February 2004 establishing common rules on compensation and assistance to passengers in the event of denied boarding and of cancellation or long delay of flights, and repealing Regulation.(2) Regulation (EC) No 1371/2007 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2007 on rail passengers’ rights and obligations.(3) Regulation (EU) No 1177/2010 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 November 2010 concerning the rights of passengers when travelling by sea and inland waterway and amending Regulation.(4) Regulation (EU) No 181/2011 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 February 2011 concerning the rights of passengers in bus and coach transport and amending Regulation.From these regulations, our country has been transferred to our domestic law by issuing Regulation (EC) No 261/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 February 2004 establishing common rules on compensation and assistance to passengers in the event of denied boarding and of cancellation or long delay of flights, and repealing Regulation. And we will also examine the problems in the framework of this Regulation within the framework of Regulation (EU) No 181/2011 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 February 2011 concerning the rights of passengers in bus and coach transport and amending Regulation.EU Regulation 181/2011 has been enacted for the purposes set out in the introduction to the Regulation. The most important of these purposes is to protect the passengers travelling by road within the framework of the transportation contract; discipline the transport sector; to increase the quality of service, to compensate for damages in a possible accident; the responsibilities and training of the employees of the carrier and bus station companies are to protect the rights of the passengers who are disabilities or limited mobility in case of cancellation and delay of the bus expedition. Application area of the Regulation; It is arranged in different ways taking into account whether the distance between the departure and the destination and whether the voyage is scheduled or not. The Regulation shall be applied to passengers on the take-off or arrival point within a Member State and on scheduled line service with a planned travel route of 250 km or more. The provisions of the Regulation shall also apply to passengers who receive services such as Charter, provided that the passenger's original departure location or final destination is within the sovereignty area of a Member State.Within the scope of the bus accident; In case the passenger has died, injured, and the baggage is lost and damaged, the carriers shall be responsible according to the national law of the Member States. The amount of compensation shall be calculated according to the national legal rules. In the case of a bus crash, the carrier also offers reasonable and proportionate assistance in terms of the practical needs of the passengers directly after the accident. This includes accommodation, care, clothes, transport and first aid if required. Providing assistance does not mean that the responsibility is accepted.According to the Regulation, if the carrier is expected to cancel the bus's departure from the bus station for reasonable reasons or delay more than 120 minutes, or if there is a double booking, some obligations are raised. First of all, the carrier must continue the expedition as early as possible or continue the journey with a modified travel route to the destination without the addition of a price. If necessary, it should allow the first travel to the starting point free to travel back to the starting point specified in the transport agreement as early as possible. If the other options cannot be provided or become useless for the passenger, the carrier must return the fare to the passenger. Also in case of delay (especially more than 30 minutes) the passengers should be informed of the situation. In addition, Regulation 181/2011 does not constitute an obstacle to the demands for indemnity that may be incurred by the due to cancellation and delay in accordance with the national law of the Member States. In accordance with Regulation, carriers and bus operators ensure that passengers are informed in a reasonable manner. Carriers and bus operators must inform passengers. According to the Regulation, carriers are obliged to establish a system for the processing of passenger complaints in relation to the rights and obligations determined by the regulation. The complaints to be made by the passengers must be delivered to the carrier within 3 months from the journey or trip plan. The carrier should provide information about the situation within 1 month after the complaint is received and must also provide an answer within 3 months. The Member States must also authorize an institution to monitor compliance with the Rules of this Regulation.Turkey also has to be made an arrangement relating to road transport. Turkey also should be issued a regulation benefiting from EU law. These regulations should be made with an act in order to protect both the provisions and criminal penalties in accordance with the principle of legality. In other words, these regulations should be regulated by law or by presidential decrees.

Badanie efektywności portów lotniczych w Polsce w latach 2007-2009

Author(s): Wojciech Augustyniak,Slawomir Kalinowski / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 0

Autorzy na podstawie danych za lata 2007-2009 przeprowadzają badania efektywności ekonomicznej czterech największych polskich regionalnych portów lotniczych (bez portów Kraków-Balice i Warszawa-Okęcie). Wykorzystują dwie metody: analizę wskaźnikową i metodę DEA, by następnie porównać wyniki i przedstawić wnioski.

BAYRAMLARDA GERÇEKLEŞEN TRAFİK KAZALARININ BİRLİKTELİK KURALLARI İLE ANALİZ EDİLMESİ

Author(s): Namik Kemal ERDOGAN,Çaglar Karamasa / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 40/2018

Traffic accidents defined as incidents , which were composed of at least one travelling vehicle, happened in roads, streets in unknown and unpredictable time period and result in injury, death or property damage started to have importance recently due to increased number of vehicles and traffic density as a result of population growth and economic developments. Traffic accidents that cause social deterioration rank as top places in death rates all around the world. Number of traffic accidents, deaths and injuries are in high level in Turkey, one of the developing countries. Traffic accidents’ intensity Show an increase especially in bairams. For this purpose it is important to reveal the common characteristics of accidents in terms of place and time period for making provisions. In this study traffic accidents happened in bairams in the time period of 2009-2011, are analyzed via association rules as one of the data mining techniques and obtained meaningful rules showing common specifications of accidents in Turkey.

Benchmarking oraz metody mierzenia efektywności portów lotniczych

Author(s): Wojciech Augustyniak,Slawomir Kalinowski / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 0

Artykuł poświęcony metodom pomiaru i porównywania ekonomicznej efektywności portów lotniczych oraz funkcjonalności tych metod. Autorzy prezentują następujące metody: metody wskaźnikowe, data envelopment analysis (DEA), metoda PCA (principal component analysis)-DEA, metoda total factor productivity (TFP), macierz BCG (Boston Consulting Group), współczynnik korelacji Spearmana.