"Korošec vihti bič nad železničarji" (Stavka železničarjev leta 1920 in minister za promet Anton Korošec)

Author(s): Mateja Ratej / Language(s): Slovenian / Issue: 1/2010

In the following discussion the author focuses on the role of Anton Korošec in the railway strike of April 1920, when as a Head of the Slovenian People's Party he was the Minister of Transport in Stojan Protić's government. After the government of the Kingdom of SHS abolished the collective labour agreement for transport workers, in April 1920 transport all over the state was brought to a halt by a railway strike. The workers on strike were joined by the communists, who saw the mobilisation of the workers as a strong political potential. In the years after the establishment of the Kingdom, the communists represented an influential political factor. In November of the same year, after the Constituent Assembly elections, they became the third most powerful party in the country. On 24 April the strike on the streets of Ljubljana transcended any democratic norms. After the police and military intervention, 13 workers died on the Zaloška cesta street. A few days before that, at the assembly of the Slovenian People's Party confidants in Ljubljana, Korošec had cautioned against the danger of the communist movement, while during the strike he refused to communicate with the railway representatives, claiming that the strike was illegal - that is, unannounced.

155 de ani de la înființarea „Școlii de Ponți și Șosele, Mine și Arhitectură” din București

Author(s): George M. Croitoru / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 1/2019

After the union of Moldova and Wallachia in 1859, during the reign of Alexandru Ioan Cuza (1859-1866) bases of the new modern Romanian state were created, including by inaugurating new institutions and adopting several laws and regulations according to the French model. One of these institutions is the School of Bridges and Roads, Mines and Architecture from Bucharest, founded in 1864, October 1st. The school regulations were elaborated by the engineer Constantin Aninoşanu (1831-1880) and the first director was the architect Alexandru Costinescu (1814-1872), both being members of the Technical Council of the Ministry of Public Works. It was the first technical high school within the new modern and unified Romanian state. Through its rigorous organization, significant value of the teachers and the high level of teaching, the School of Bridges and Roads, Mines and Architecture represents an important stage in the evolution and future development of the Romanian higher technical education.

A ‘last-minute’ transit contract? Russia-Ukraine-EU gas talks

Author(s): Szymon Kardaś,Agata Loskot-Strachota,Sławomir Matuszak / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 2019

On 21 January another round of trilateral gas talks between Russia, Ukraine and the European Union was held in Brussels. This meeting mainly concerned the new Russian-Ukrainian transit contract; the transit contract currently in force between Gazprom and Naftogaz will expire as of 1 January 2020. During the meeting, European Commission Vice-President Maroš Šefčovič submitted proposals to the parties concerning the parameters of a new contract transit, but did not make them public. The meeting was the latest in this series of trilateral gas talks; the previous round was held in Berlin in July 2018. In Brussels Russia declared its willingness to conclude a new transit agreement, although it highlighted the need for the legal dispute between Naftogaz and Gazprom to be resolved before that could happen. The lack of success during the talks so far, the divergent interests of the various parties and the current political context suggests that a new contract transit will probably only be concluded by the late autumn or winter of this year, and possibly in the period immediately before the expiry date of the current contract between Naftogaz and Gazprom. It is also conceivable that the negotiations will be extended into 2020, and that meanwhile transit will take place on the basis of principles agreed in the short term, along the lines of the so-called winter packages in 2014 and 2015, something which would be very disadvantageous for Ukraine and the EU, but extremely convenient for Moscow. There is no reason to expect rapid progress in the Russian-Ukrainian negotiations; they are proceeding in complicated conditions, including the ongoing political conflict between Kiev and Moscow, the numerous legal disputes between Naftogaz and Gazprom, the construction of new Russian export pipelines, the continuing fundamental reform of the Ukrainian gas sector, and finally a packed political calendar (for both Ukraine and the EU) in 2019. The negotiation process is also difficult because of the contradiction between the long-term interests of Ukraine, which wants to maintain its status as a key transit route for Russian gas in the long term, and Russia, whose strategic goal is to become independent of the Ukrainian transmission network.

A Dream of Safe Railway Systems

Author(s): Rosa Stottele,Alina Cuznețov,Miriam Müller,Sebastian Götz,Maxi Gerbig,Tine Lehmann / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

In 2016, a total of 1.787 significant railway accidents were reported in the EU, in which a total of 964 people were killed. Although the number of railway accidents and deaths have been decreasing in the past years, Peter Grüne is certain that there is still a lot of room for improvement. Peter Grüne is the CEO of Grüne Industry Electronics, a company producing devices managing the electronic potential in railways to avoid erosion, eventually reducing the number of accidents. He believes that railways are the future of transportation and is keen on improving the safety of millions of people and goods transported daily in Europe.

A Polar Silk Road: The Arctic in China’s Foreign and Economic Policies

Author(s): Damian Wnukowski / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 2018

The Arctic is playing an increasingly important role in Chinese foreign and economic policy. In January 2018, the Chinese government published a strategy for this region, recognising it as part of the Belt and Road Initiative. The Arctic is to be used primarily as a source of raw materials and an attractive transport route connecting Eastern Asia with Europe. China’s actions may ultimately challenge the interests of Poland’s allies, including the United States, which should be taken into account when considering cooperation with Chinese entities.

A simulation model of a monopoly passenger rail service with two-way traffic: testing the optimization algorithm

Author(s): Ondřej Krčál,Rostislav Staněk / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

We present an agent–based model of a long–distance passenger rail service. The model contains two terminal stations and a monopoly train operating company whose aim is to set the fare and departure times from both stations so that its profit is maximized. The paper introduces an algorithm that combines three different elimination strategies which are used for finding the optimum timetable. Starting from the maximum possible number of departures, the strategies might sequentially eliminate either one random pair of departures, each from a different terminal station, two pairs of departures, or a number of departures necessary to significantly reduce capital costs of the operating company. The strategies might be combined in different proportions.

A Sustainable Supply Chain in Clothing Industry

Author(s): Beata Milewska,Dariusz Milewski / Language(s): English / Issue: 11.3/2018

The paper addresses the issues of sustainable supply chains in the clothing industry. It points out the main threats in the areas of social and environmental risk, resulting from the location of production in the low production costs countries, i.e. Southeast Asia. The biggest social risk related to this it is the failure of manufacturers located in the Far East to comply with human rights, labor law, health and safety rules, etc. After the tragedy at the Rana Plaza clothing factory in Bangladesh, global clothing companies ordering clothing production in the Far East, including the largest Polish company clothes from LPP SA, have started to take action to improve work safety in Bangladesh. The article presents simulations carried out by the authors regarding the impact of the amount of expenditure incurred in improving the security of suppliers in Southeast Asia on the profit margins of enterprises in the clothing industry. Two options were studied – increase in expenditures, which had little impact on the reduction of profit margin, and not incurring such expenditures (hence – deterioration of opinions about the company and a decrease in revenues), which had a large impact on the profit margin. The authors presented recommendations for clothing industry companies ordering production in countries with low production costs, concerning the reduction of social risk in global supply chains.

Action Plans for Sustainable Procurement Across the Public Sector with Impact on Supply Chain

Author(s): Teodora Păducel / Language(s): English / Issue: S2/2009

Public procurement can influence trends in production and consumption, a considerable demand for environmental goods by public authorities to create or expand markets for products and services environmentally friendly. In this way, companies will be encouraged to develop environmental technology designed to prevent or reduce the effects on environment at any stage of the life cycle of products or activities. Green Public Procurement will influence the whole supply chain, the use of raw materials and production methods to the types of packaging used and that certain conditions of reception of waste.

Adam Jabłoński, Marek Jabłoński, Mechanizmy efektywnego zarządzania bezpieczeństwem w transporcie kolejowym

Author(s): Andrzej Chodyński / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 4/2018

ADMINISTRATIVE DISCRETION ASSUMPTIONS IN DEVELOPING CUSTOMS LOGISTICS

Author(s): Alfonsas Laurinavičius / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2018

In recent years, increasing attention has been paid to the security of international flows, with a focus on a specific area of logistics, namely, customs logistics, understandably both as a new branch of science and as an integral, complex and multifaceted area of activity. Customs logistics includes the processes, functions and challenges of transportation, warehousing, forwarding, inventory management, management of flows/resources and other areas of activity, insofar as they are related to the legal acts implemented by customs, customs supervision, interaction between customs and business in developing secure international trade. This is an area of research and practice which is rapidly developing, is open to innovations and new ideas, is introducing smart technologies and is consolidating intellectual capital and which is closely linked to economics, management, law and other areas of research activity. The distinctive feature of logistics, including customs logistics, is the management of flows and resources in the international supply chain, regulation of logistic operations, functions and processes at the international, regional and national levels, wide geography of activities, increasingly complex interactions between entities of logistic activity, optimal use of resources, creation of added value using instruments of logistic activity, rational and effective risk management, ensuring of safety and security.The outcome of activity in customs logistics (the length of delivery of a consignment, safety and security, speedy and inexpensive completion of formalities, prompt and efficient performance of logistic operations) is determined not only by the logistic operations performed, but also, and sometimes primarily, by the nature of interaction between entities of this activity and controlling institutions (customs authorities, border guard, etc.), possibilities of cooperation and its consequences, the compatibility of information, computer and communications technologies, the efficient use of available information resources, the validity, objectivity and rationality of decisions and discretions. Changes in the activity of customs as the state institution implementing customs and international trade policy directly and significantly influence the security of the EU’s economic area.The article presents one of the possible concepts of customs logistics as a new area of logistic activity, discusses guidelines for customs and business cooperation and tendencies of the implementation of the discretionary powers granted to customs officials in enhancing the security of international trade.

Agrilogistics in Ukraine: Problems and Solution

Author(s): Yevhen Krykavskyy,Nataliia Chornopyska,Lilija Yakymyshyn / Language(s): English / Issue: 11.1/2015

Logistics is modified according to the development trends of the agricultural market in Ukraine: promotion to the new global markets, the rapid development of the organic products market. The ways of the problems solving of corporate and contract agrilogistics in global and local markets are justified.

AGRO-ECONOMIC EFFECT OF GEORGIAN AND EUROPEAN BEEKEEPING MARKET

Author(s): Tea Khositashvili,Zaza Baazavi,Mariami Khositashvili,Sandro Chalatashvili / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2019

The European Union has expanded a number of times throughout its history by way of the accession of new member countries to the Union. Former USSR republic of Georgia and the EU have maintained relations since 1996. The government expressed a desire to become a member state of the EU. To enhance their relationship, the EU and Georgia have signed several agreement in recent years. EU encourage Georgia to further approximate with European legislation and standards and initiated the process of supporting Georgian economy for further integration into EU. In recent years the European Union has been supporting rural and agricultural development of Georgia, the country with the the longest history of beekeeping and honey production. On 27 June 2014, The European Union and Georgia signed an Association Agreement. The agreement introduced a preferentialtrade regime – the Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Area. Based on having better-matched regulations, this regime increases market access between the European Union and Georgia. In this work, alongside with statistics and brief history, we present our view of the future of this cooperation which can be based not only on export of honey to the EU market, but the Georgian Bee itself. It is estimated that pollinators, mainly honey bees, contribute at least 22 billion EUR each year to the European agriculture industry. They ensure pollination for over 80% of crops and wild plants in Europe. In recent years the quality and area of pollination in Europe has been decreasing. These issues can greatly benefit from the specific characteristics only Georgian Bee is known for, like longest tongue (proboscis) and exceptional gentleness. We strongly believe, that due to various strengths and features only this specie boasts, the export of Georgian Bees will lead to very fruitful collaboration for both parties.

AHP-VIKOR Bütünleşik Yaklaşımıyla Lojistik Risk Faktörlerinin ve Risk Yönetimi Araçlarının Sıralanması: Samsun İli Örneği

Author(s): Selçuk Korucuk,Hamit Erdal / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 3/2018

The aim of this study is to identify the logistic risk factors in companies which are carrying out cold chain transportation in Samsun province where logistics work and transactions are performed intensively and to perform the sorting of the tools used in logistic risk management. In this regard, an evaluation has been carried out via integrated AHP-VIKOR approach and 25 experts opinions have been received from companies that carry out cold chain transportation, academicians, and logistics service providers. According to the AHP results in the first stage, the most important logistic risk elements has been the “Packaging Risks” and this criterion followed by “Transportation Risks”, “Organizational Risks”, “Purchasing Risks” and “Inventory Risks”, respectively. In the second stage, the tools used in logistics risk management have been ranked by VIKOR method. Accordingly, the most ideal tool has been determined as “Statistical Process Control”.

Air Transport Service Efficiency and Airport Connectivity of ASEAN Countries

Author(s): Varattaya JANGKRAJARNG,Yanin PATSOPA,Teevara WAIDEE,Charukit CHAIWAN,Sakgasem RAMINGWONG / Language(s): English / Issue: 67/2020

Southeast Asia countries have integrated their socio-economic development together as the ASEAN Community. The paper focuses on air transportation as one of the key drivers of the connectivity. The indicators, i.e., air transport service efficiency and airport connectivity, reported by World Bank, are investigated. Each country’s GDP per capita was mapped these indicators to reduce economic advantage gap. The results are suggestive that Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, and Singapore possess outstanding potential. The Philippines and VietNam are satisfiable in airport connectivity yet need improvement in air transport service. Cambodia, Lao PDR, and Brunei are lack behind in both areas.

AKILLI KENT LOJİSTİĞİNİN MEKANSAL İLİŞKİLENDİRİLMESİ

Author(s): Gülşen T. Aydın,ZÜBEYDE ÖZTÜRK / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 1/2019

The century we live in is surrounded by technological innovations witnessed by human life. One of them is technological innovations in the field of transportation and logistics. Geographical Information Systems (GIS) based dynamic information systems, intelligent transportation systems (ITS) and other technological innovations, such as logistics information systems (LIS), have enabled users to select the most appropriate route and reduce travel time. These innovations are also used to increase the efficiency of cargo delivery operations . Technological changes have also changed the ways of urban transport-logistic space decision making, which is the biggest contribution of urban logistics intelligence to the city. For example, a comparative analysis of the urban load mobility of the two cities in Spain was made by using the data obtained from the global positioning system (GPS) technology. The aim of the study is to show that urban load movements can be determined and modeled by GPS data and provide an evaluation of where and how urban logistics policies will be implemented efficiently. Also in Londra, a supplier has conducted a study on the role of electrical delivery vehicles to reduce traffic and environmental impacts. In the study, in which the logistics service providers in the Netherlands explained how they have developed a more Euro 5 engines have their own solutions without public support in order to improve the logistics of the city of providing logistics services in the Netherlands, such as GPS navigation systems, silent vehicles, equipment and communication technologies focused on solutions.The development of sustainable urban forms all around the world has begun to be supported by technology and the concept of smart city has been born. Today, too much work is being done on the concept of smart city. One of the most important functions of the smart city concept is the concept of smart mobility. The concept of smart mobility includes all human, freight and information flow that moves in the urban area. Smart cities will require smart city logistics with real-time data. The technology infrastructure for a city will become indispensable for its complex life and intelligent load mobility, in the city in logistics, "last mile (the so-called problem of the final stage of delivery to the customer in the distribution channels)" and "capillary distribution (blood flow distribution in living bodies). The concept used for delivery to the end consumer within the supply chain network inspired by the system will contribute to the development of eco-systems . Since urban logistics is a systematic structure that focuses on planning, design and implementation, reasoning is important in urban development. Systems such as the development and use of cargo units in urban areas, urban consolidation centers and the development of underground logistics, and the consolidation and coordination processes between them are within the scope of intelligent urban logistics. In addition, intelligent load, vehicle and information mobility in urban areas and combinatorial discrete-selection position models and network design formulations used in urban logistics planning and design expand the scope of intelligent urban logistics. In addition, planning decision support systems in urban logistics areas and urban load distribution with e-commerce, urban transport networks, logistics facilities and other basic urban infrastructure collection and analysis, urban distribution network design and planning, modern information technology and related scientific and technological use of applications and urban logistics resources, intelligent timing and fast and efficient load distribution, real-time query platforms, urban public distribution network applications are covered by intelligent urban logistics. Again, taking into consideration the future targets of the logistics activities of the city, an advanced information system, cooperation of freight transportation systems, public logistics terminals and new concepts and solutions such as the underground transportation of the freight transportation system and technological innovations in the vehicles can be counted among the smart city logistics solutions. In order to promote urban sustainable development, this study, which explains the benefits of load and fleet movement in urban areas, is important in this respect. In the study, "smart city, smart city logistics, urban logistics, urban planning, urban logistics planning, city logistics, intelligent transportation systems, logistics information technologies, transportation and logistics decision making process, decision support systems, logistics network design, modeling, GPS, multiple examples such as transportation, new vehicle technologies, etc. have been analyzed in foreign and domestic literature and examples from world applications have been made. In this study, it is aimed to explain the concepts of urban logistics, smart city and smart city logistics and technology based components of smart city logistics. Access to real-time data, cloud technology, modeling, urban planning and decision support systems, geographic information systems, location selection and place in city logistics network planning and design, e-commerce, e-logistics, e-freight, effects of internet on smart urban logistics and small city distribution centers and warehouse handling activities, multi-load transportation methods and new vehicle technologies. The study focuses on explaining the benefits of intelligent urban logistics to urban and urban load mobility with the examples given in research subjects such as smart city logistics platforms with real-time query facilities and programs that companies apply specifically. In this study, the concepts of logistics and smart city logistics in urban areas, the advantages of daily life of smart city logistics, intelligent information platforms within the scope of smart city logistics and examples of innovative applications such as company specific programs are given. Urban logistics requires a range of data and knowledge to identify problems in the urban area, to collect and analyze data, to know the spread of urban logistics, to develop models and to evaluate alternatives. The integration of all these logistics activities with the technology constitutes the intelligent smart city logistics. Smart city logistics, which increases the benefits of security and user, but also reduces pollution, consumption and congestion in the city.The aim of smart city logistics is to minimize carbon emissions and urban congestion due to urban mobility, to save energy, to achieve zero error in accidents and security, to reduce logistics operation costs and to improve the quality of life in the city. Two of the three principles on which city logistics relies are sustainability and liveability are concepts that ensure the continuity of intelligent mobility . Sustainability and quality of life objectives are the elements that focus on smart city development. Innovative technologies are needed to address the logistics challenges of smart cities in urban areas. The smart city will have many different uses in the form of technologies, automation, sensors, analytics and integration of IoT in the realization of urban space. The connection of intelligent urban logistics with urban space consists of communication technologies systems and advanced technologies that make people, loads, vehicles and roads integrated smart. Advanced electronic and communication technologies have the ability not only to reduce the wisdom of data to space in urban areas , but also to reduce the costs of dispatch, increase productivity and operation speed of local delivery vehicles, intervene immediately in the supply chain, and exchange data and information between stakeholders in the chain. Therefore, the main function of these technologies, which have horizontal data integration, is to rationalize and integrate. While real-time data collection, data processing and information distribution can be realized in the rationalization function, they connect and coordinate the main elements of the system in the integration function. Rationalizing the relationship between space and mobility in urban areas reduces environmental and social negative impacts. These technologies offer a wide range of opportunities to cities to improve land use and urban logistics plans.

Algorithmic Governance and Technological Guidance of Connected and Autonomous Vehicle Use: Regulatory Policies, Traffic Liability Rules, and Ethical Dilemmas

Author(s): Wendy Heaphy,Vladimír Konečný,Tomáš Klieštik / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2019

This article presents an empirical study carried out to evaluate and analyze algorithmic governance and technological guidance of connected and autonomous vehicle use. Building our argument by drawing on data collected from AAA, ANSYS, Atomik Research, Axios, CivicScience, eMarketer, FHWA, Ipsos, McKinsey, and Schoettle & Sivak (2014), we performed analyses and made estimates regarding automated vehicle technologies and their impact on future mobility (%), comfort levels with autonomous cars across all ages and markets (%), estimated public benefits of autonomous vehicles (by year, $ billion), and greatest concerns about riding in an autonomous car (%). Data collected from 4,400 respondents are tested against the research model by using structural equation modeling.

AMBALAJ TASARIMINDA İŞLEVSELLİK VE SİLİNDİR FORMUNDAKİ GIDA AMBALAJLARI İÇİN BİR SİSTEM ÖNERİSİ

Author(s): Çağhan Ağca,Merve Ersan,Birsen Çeken / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 28/2018

Packaging is the process of covering or wrapping the product in a way that meets the needs of the consumer with a convenient material, taking into account of the transport and storage of the product. The roots of packaging extend back to the solutions that primitive people find instinctively to use their food for later. In order to sustain their lives, the primitive people used materials in the nature such as tree leaves, fruit husks, animal skin for purposes such as preserving, wrapping, storing and transporting foodstuffs for later consumption. Later on during the civilization period, these materials were shifted to objects such as baskets, wooden barrels, and has finally been transformed into modern protective packaging made from metal, plastic, glass or paper materials we use today. In the beginning, packaging design meets the needs of protection and transportation of products, but with the development of trade and competition, he has also undertaken commercial and functional tasks. After the consumer purchase the product, the relationship with the packaging does not end. The consumer is in constant relation with the packaging during the opening, closing, using and trashing. The whole experience completes the image of his product-related mind and will be effective in the next purchase decision. Functional packaging designs are a way to enhance the value of any product and the overall user experience. Besides, brands can improve user and product interaction by including alternative uses in packaging designs. In this study; packaging design is examined in terms of functionality and a design proposal for food packages in the form of cylinders is presented.

An analysis of the spatial distribution, influence and quality of urban green space – a case study of the Polish city of Tczew

Author(s): Adam Senetra,Iwona Krzywnicka,Marcin Mielke / Language(s): English / Issue: 42/2018

Rapid urban growth can exert negative effects on the natural environment due to the loss of naturally vegetated areas, loss of biological diversity, deforestation and soil erosion. The condition of cities is inherently linked with the natural environment which has a positive influence on health, social relations, human welfare and economic activity. Urban areas should abound in green spaces, and should also be easily accessible to the general public. The aim of this study was to determine the spatial distribution, influence and quality of urban green spaces on the example of the city of Tczew in northern Poland. The proposed methodology can be applied in cities of a similar size and urban structure to promote rational management of urban green space in line with the principles of sustainable development and spatial order. The Green-Space Record, a useful tool for inventorying urban green spaces, was developed to pursue the main research goal. The information accumulated in the Record constitutes valuable input data for further analysis, including the determination of the area, distribution, influence and quality of urban green spaces. The results of the analysis revealed that urban green spaces occupy more than 19% of Tczew’s territory, which is equivalent to 70.6 m2 per resident. Managed green spaces span the area of only 66.75 ha (11.31 m2 per resident) and are unevenly distributed in the city. More than half of these areas are found in the Stare Miasto (Old Town) district, whereas two residential districts (Gdańska, Prątnica) are completely devoid of public greens. The quality of urban green spaces is generally satisfactory in Tczew; however, not all residents have equal access to high-quality public greens.

An Examination of Servitization as a Breakthrough Success Factor Along the Supply Chain

Author(s): Judit Oláh,József Popp,Domicián Máté / Language(s): English / Issue: 15/2017

The turbulent changing economic environment following the 2008 global financial and economic crisis has posed a major challenge to the majority of producing and manufacturing companies. The recessionary economy of the European Union, the “marginal countries” existence on the edge of bankruptcy, the shortage of loans and the subdued consumption of the population all affect the way in which products are marketed and the integration of accompanying services. This change has a significant impact on logistics processes and logistics service providers, as they face changing tasks and challenges in supply chain management. The authors intend to address this impact in their article, which also takes into account the results of international scientific papers.

An Examination of Strategies to Mitigate the Number of Motorcycle Rider Fatalities in Thailand

Author(s): John Christopher Walsh,Karl Stefan Meneghella / Language(s): English / Issue: 4/2018

This paper attempts to examine and quantify the degree of safety-helmet use by motor cyclists and their passengers in Thailand. Specifically, the paper examines the phenomena in three separate locations within Thailand. The paper will also review the literature surrounding road safety in general, road safety for motorcyclists, proper helmet use, Thai acts of parliament aimed at motorcyclists, and the degree to which helmet use is enforced or policed in Thailand. Experts posit that road fatalities, and the serious debilitating injuries caused by road traffic accidents, can impact a nation’s GDP by as much as 5%. Perhaps even more importantly, especially in the context of a developing country, is the direct impact to families who lose their prime bread-winner or wage-earner. This loss may either be permanent, as in the case of a fatality, or extended over a protracted period of time, where families find themselves having to care for severely injured members. In the latter case, the requirement for care is often long-term, with little in the way of insurance or medical benefits to offset the burden. It is hoped that a study of motorcycle related road traffic fatalities may identify or highlight interventions or strategies that could be employed to mitigate the road toll in Thailand.