Alchimia dall’inferno al paradiso nella Divina Commedia. L’influsso su Dante dell’opera alchemica Aurora consurgens, parzialmente attribuita a San Tommaso d’Aquino

Author(s): Marino Alberto Balducci / Language(s): Italian Issue: 34/2024

The symbolic vision of a terrible epidemic, affecting the deep infernal zones, appears in the Divine Comedy associated with the wrong, fraudulent, and arrogant use of alchemical science (Inf. XXIX–XXX). We are in the presence of a true ideological and technical-scientific perversion: a false alchemy which, instead of offering help to our world, only produces deception and diseases of the body and spirit. Then, through the purgatorial evolution of conscience based on humility (Purg. IX), the human soul begins a process of gradual purification, which corresponds to a correct and harmonious alchemy. This is gradually perfected, and then touches completeness, producing the authentic gold of Truth in paradise through the evocation of the Ganges, of India and the emblem of the marriage of Saint Francis with his wife, the dark woman (Par. XI). Dante presents this last evocation through the character of St. Thomas, as a spirit in heaven, and precisely imitates a crucial section of the alchemical work Aurora consurgens, which is partially attributable to the same Aquinas. From Dante’s point of view, illness, and death, as emblems of nigredo (the foundation of the alchemical operation), are not purely malignant realities: in fact, they can also determine powerful and wonderful evolutionary processes towards the extreme joy of our encounter with God.

Odkrywanie misji Kościoła w dziełach Thomasa Mertona

Author(s): Wojciech Oleśków / Language(s): Polish Issue: 34/2024

According to Merton, the mission of the Church is to spread the Gospel. Christians discover this mission dynamism through their bond with God. They perceive life’s novelty, which manifests itself in transforming the Christians and people under their charge. What God endows them with is the wisdom to understand His word and to pass it further. Spreading the Gospel happens along with encountering other people and staying close to them. The mission means being open to others, willingness to understand their problems and sources of joy. Christians perceive it as answering Jesus’ call. They are devoted to spread the Gospel. They recognize how and in what way to convey it. The mission is based on God. One can see unity between preaching and contemplating. Prayer is the source of preaching and any commitment. In silence Christians discover God, Who is love. They learn to convey it to others. They strive to share love with others that are in need, poverty and difficulty. An example of the mission discovered by Merton is the apostolate of friendship, which becomes supportive for writers and poets fighting for freedom and truth. The correspondence between Merton and Miłosz shows how one can spread the Gospel, at the same time caring about understanding and getting to know another person.

The Franciscan Monastery of the Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Cetin. History, Significance, and Efforts to Rediscover Its Location

Author(s): Hrvoje Kekez / Language(s): English Issue: 67/2024

The Franciscan Monastery of the Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Cetin is best remembered as the site where the Croatian nobility and church prelates assembled on January 1st, 1527. This historic event, documented in a solemn decree, marked the election of Ferdinand I of Habsburg as the Croatian king. Despite its significance, the monastery’s history and importance have received little attention in Croatian historiography. Therefore, the first aim of this paper is to address this gap by utilizing lesser-known and rarely used historical sources. Additionally, the paper seeks to determine the monastery’s location within late medieval Cetin. It examines existing theories about its site, evaluates the validity of these conclusions, and proposes new possibilities for its location based on an analysis of preserved written sources, early modern cartographic data, and field research. The research and considerations presented here indicate that the Franciscan Monastery was most likely founded by Count Stephan III Frankapan in 1463 or 1464, when he brought the Franciscan friars to Cetin and entrusted them with the management of the church of the same name, which had already been a significant pilgrimage site for some time. In the following years, the monastery became extremely important and by the beginning of the 16th century, it served as the center of the Observant Franciscan Vicariate of Bosnia Croatia, which later became a province after the vicariate was elevated to the rank of a province in 1517. By the mid16th century, they were no longer realistically the Counts Frankapans able to exercise patronage over the Diocese of Krbava or the Franciscan Province of Bosnia Croatia, as the wars with the Ottomans had noticeably diminished their social and material power. The latest possible timeframe for the departure of the Franciscans from Cetin is suggested to be 1575, as mentioned by Adam Baltazar Krčelić. Furthermore, the considerations presented in this paper, which involve a new analysis of known and unknown medieval and early modern written sources and maps, as well as field reconnaissance, provide a conclusive set of indications that the Franciscan Monastery of the Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary was most likely located on the plateau on the eastern slope, east of the current road leading from Cetingrad to Podcetin, at the entrance to the village of Podcetin.

İlahiyat Fakültesi Erkek Akademisyenlerinin Kadına Yönelik Şiddet Algısı ve Çözüm Önerileri

Author(s): Fatma Kurttekin / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 4/2024

In recent years, a significant increase in violence against women has emerged as a severe issue negatively impacting both women and society. This violence encompasses various forms, including physical, sexual, economic, psychological, and, increasingly, cyberbullying due to the widespread use of the internet. Research on violence against women and news reports commonly identify men as the perpetrators of such acts. The desire for control and interpretations based on religion can justify these acts of violence. Consequently, this study aims to discern the perspectives of male scholars in theology faculties regarding violence against women (VAW), its underlying causes, and potential solutions. To achieve this objective, a qualitative research method known as the multiple case study design was employed. The study group consisted of 25 male scholars selected through convenient sampling. Data were collected through interviews with the participants and subsequently analyzed using thematic content analysis. To effectively resolve and eliminate a problem, it is essential first to identify and accurately understand its root causes. In this context, the definitions of VAW provided by male scholars reflect subjective processes and perceptions. Their statements regarding the causes of VAW and recommendations for solutions generally revolve around the disruption of family order and values, leading to the breakdown of societal structures, particularly regarding their physical and psychological dimensions. Participants who emphasize the necessity of societal change to prevent VAW have highlighted the importance of incorporating practices into daily life that promote social awareness, equality, and justice. From this perspective, it can be argued that there is a pressing need to integrate educational policies and practices into daily life that can critically examine cultural and societal norms, transform perceptions and practices that trigger violence, and actively contribute to solving this problem.

Oryantalist Theodor Nöldeke ve Friedrich Schwally’in ‘Kur’an Tarihi’ Adlı Çalışmalarında İslam’a Dair Görüşlerin Karşılaştırılması

Author(s): Hasan Yıldız,Muhammet Hanefi Palabıyık / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 4/2024

In the last two centuries, there has been a significant increase in the works of orientalist researchers on Islām and its origins. We observe that many researchers have put forward different and new claims on these issues. This study analyses Friderich Schwally’s claims about the origin of Islām in comparison with Theodor Nöldeke’s views. Schwally was one of the first important orientalists to work in the field of Qurʾānic studies. Nöldeke started to write a large-scale history of the Qurʾān, but could not complete it due to his illness, and Schwally, as his student, continued his work and completed only the first two volumes. An examination of this work, which Schwally also failed to complete, reveals that his views on the origins of Islām differed significantly from those of his teacher. Nöldeke accepts the Prophet’s prophethood, albeit slightly differently, and believes that he received revelation but also intervened in the content of the Qurʾān. In addition, he also accepts that al-Ḥurūf al-Muḳaṭṭaʿa was written for copy determination and that there may be an excess or deficiency of verses in the Qurʾān. Schwally makes some claims about the time of Abu Bakr to show his doubts about the collection, reproduction, and content of the Qurʾān. For example, according to him, the fact that the collection of the Qurʾān was due to the death of the companions who had memorized the Qurʾān after the battle of Yemen is enough to cast doubt on the Qurʾān. He also claims that Zayd b. Thabit inserted the al-Ḥurūf alMuḳaṭṭaʿa in the Qurʾān to show from which Mushaf the suras were taken. Again, Schwally analyzes the history of the Qur’ān as well as its content, claiming that Islām is not original, but has emerged from the borrowing of certain doctrines and beliefs from past religions and belief systems. His entire effort is to prove that Islām is an invented, manufactured, and stolen religion. In light of Schwally’s claims, our study aims to show the difference between the two Orientalists’ approaches to the origins of Islām. In order to do so, a qualitative and historical comparative method will be used to show how they differ from each other.

İşârî Yorumun Erken Dönemi: Hakîm et-Tirmizî’nin Beyânü’l-fark’ı Üzerine Bir İnceleme

Author(s): Nuriye İnci / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 4/2024

Hakīm al-Tirmidhī (d. 320/930) was an important Sufi who wrote works in various religious sciences such as hadith and theology, especially Sufism. One of al-Tirmidhī’s important works that contributed to the formation of early Sufism is Bayān al-Farq. Al-Tirmidhī wrote this work within the framework of the question ‘How should the Qur’ān be understood?’, which was one of the basic questions discussed in the formation process of Sufism. The author made an important step in the development of Sufism by quoting verses from the Qur’ān and associating the means of perception, which he explained on the axis of the concept of ‘kalb’, with the interpretive interpretation. In this article, his work is analysed within the framework of the question of what al-Tirmidhī wanted to justify with the connection he established between the levels of perception and al-Ishārī interpretation, and al-Tirmidhī’s theoretical approaches to the subject are evaluated. The study, which was conducted using the content analysis method, focused on the idea that the place of sign and wisdom is the ‘kalb’. In his work built on the concept of kalb, al-Tirmidhī explains the overlooked meanings of the word as ‘sadr, kalb, fuād, and lub’ and states that each degree of perception represents a different level of religious consciousness. He associates the concepts of ‘Islam, iman, marifah and tawhid’ with these centres of perception and names those who represent them as ‘Muslim, mu’min, arif and muwahhid’. The main purpose of this study is to ground the idea that one can comprehend the literal and supererogatory meanings of the Qur’ānic verses according to one’s level of perception and action, and to prepare the ground for the ıshārī interpretation. As a result of the study, alTirmidhī’s Bayān al-Farq is an important work that provides the earliest theoretical infrastructure for the literal and supererogatory interpretation of the Qur’ān in the development process of Sufi thought. Tirmidhī states that continuity in worship and behaviour plays a role in increasing perception and that a person who reaches perfection in his spiritual life increases his potential to understand the Qur’ān. Defining the concept of al-Ishārī as explaining with symbols and presenting subtle signs in accordance with the tawhid of the Truth, al-Tirmidhī refers to jurisprudence with ıshārī interpretation, and to Sufism and the bestowal dimension of religion with al-Ishārī interpretation. The kalb is the centre of al-isārī interpretation; therefore, purification of the kalb and purification of the soul are necessary for the birth of marīfah and wisdom. Al-Tirmidhī builds his theory of the soul and guardianship on this view. In this context, al-Tirmidhī made significant contributions to the grounding of Sufism among religious sciences and the development of its terminology, and also contributed significantly to the understanding of the human imagination with the knowledge of the period.

Oryantalistlerin Kur’an’ın Tevrat ve İncil Kaynaklı Olduğu İddialarının İncelenmesi

Author(s): Fatma Zehra İde / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 4/2024

The prophet of Islam, the last true religion, is the Prophet. The Qur’ān, which was revealed to Prophet Muhammad, has been subjected to many slanders and denials since the day it was revealed. This situation had no effect on the believers and they have tried to maintain it both in the saddle and in the row until today. Those who were sent the book as the truth before Islam did not claim their trusts and falsified their holy books. They were also disturbed by the existence of the Qur’ān and went to extraordinary lengths to distort it, deny it and arouse suspicion with slanders. This work is limited in response to the claims of orientalists (orientalists) that the Quran is derived from the Torah and the Bible. The main problem of this claim is the orientalists’ inability to accept the truth and their jealousy. The answer to the claims put forward by Orientalists about the reliability of the Qur’ān is that the Qur’ān is not based on the Torah and the Bible. Due to the fact that it is the heavenly religion, with the difference that it is one of the sources of Judaism, Christianity and Islam; Jews have falsified the Torah, Christians have falsified the Bible, but Muslims have claimed and protected the Qur’ān with great care since the day it was revealed to the Nobles. Our main goal is to reveal the similarity and difference of the Qur’ān with the Torah and the Bible. It is to express this through Islamic foundations and sources. People who exist in society shape their lives according to the values they believe in. For this reason, it is important that the values he believes in are correct and that he is free from all doubts. This study will be useful in determining that there is no doubt for those who believe that the Quran is not derived from the Torah and the Bible. The qualitative method was used in this study. The claim that the origin of the Qur’ān is the Torah and the Bible, which Orientalists have insisted on from past to present, the claim that its writing, conversion into Mushaf and the Appeal, which are the stages of protection from revelation, are discussed in the first chapter. In the second part, information about the history and origin of orientalism was given, and in the lower part, the basis of the orientalists’ claims was investigated and answered in accordance with Islamic sources. Some books, theses and articles in this field have been examined. It has been observed that Orientalists do not have an objective approach and a scientific discipline in the sources they obtain in their studies. On the contrary, a destructive policy and a prejudiced spirit have been exhibited over the possible claims. Orientalists, Eminence. While the Prophet claimed to have created a new book by taking information from the Old and New Testaments, it was observed that he did not include Islamic sources. Although the entire Old and New Testaments are written anonymously, it is easier for clients to give historical legitimacy than the Islamic narrative chain they doubt. When the meticulous studies of the Qur’ān are examined, we have witnessed that it has reached the present day in its authentic form. While the critical view of the Qur’ān that has been going on from the past to the present prevails in the West, we, as believers, should make every effort to protect the Qur’ān. Currently, Qur’ān teaching and memorization education are widely continuing in our country. The education of kiraati ashere, takrib and tayyib should become more widespread and should progress with a level order. Especially those in the scientific community should be trained and equipped with orientalist perspectives. Academic answers to the unfounded theses of orientalists should be prepared.

Josip Bošnjaković, Sanda Smoljo-Dobrovoljski - Bogatstvo suosjećanja

Author(s): S. Silvana Fužinato / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 2/2024

Review of: Josip Bošnjaković, Sanda Smoljo-Dobrovoljski - Bogatstvo suosjećanja. Kršćanska sadašnjost, Katolički bogoslovni fakultet u Đakovu, Hrvatsko katoličko sveučilište, Zagreb – Đakovo, 2023., 443 str.

Rzeczywisty stosunek Kościoła katolickiego do migrantów i uchodźców. Recenzja książki Rafała Cekiery: Uchodźcy, migranci i Kościół katolicki. Polska debata migracyjna po 2015 roku w kontekście nauczania Kościoła katolickiego

Author(s): Ewa Janiszewska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2024

Nové prameny k chrámové hudbě v Hrabyni: mecenáši a hudebně-liturgický provoz slezského poutního místa

Author(s): Helena Stella Kramářová / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2022

The study focuses on newly found sources documenting the financing of the liturgical and musical practice of the Silesian pilgrimage church of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary in Hrabyně. It focuses on the heyday of Hrabyně in the 18th century, when the estate belonged to the Mitrovsky family, as well as on the establishment of foundations and the role of patrons. Financial donations and foundations not only ensured the activities of the chaplain and teacher, but also enabled the purchase of new musical instruments and the construction of an organ. No less important was the introduction of Marian devotions in front of the image of Our Lady of Hrabyně, during which the Salve Regina was sung at the donor’s request by six boys in the Czech language accompanied by the organ. The paper aims to highlight one of the aspects connected with the musical-liturgical practice of the pilgrimage site and thus lay a foundation for further research on the musical events of Silesian and Moravian pilgrimage sites.

Rorátní repertoár v moravských kancionálech 17. a 18. století

Author(s): Tomáš Slavický / Language(s): Czech Issue: 2/2022

The development of the rich Rorate repertoire in the Czech lands and Central Europe, based on Advent hymns in the vernacular, was caused by a long tradition of everyday “Rorate” Advent morning masses, which were cultivated by lay religious confraternities and later by parish churches. The Czech Rorate chants, which originated in 16th century Utraquist Bohemia and is still partially alive today, was only one of many forms of this repertoire. Additional layers of the Rorate repertory in Latin and Czech are documented in the Moravian printed and manuscript hymnbooks. Their forms are monophonic and polyphonic, in plainchants, strophic hymns and figural compositions. This regional repertoire has ties with Utraquist and recatholization Bohemia, and at the same time with neighbouring hymnographies. As evidenced by certain Early Modern cancionales in German, Polish, Slovak, Hungarian and Croatian, in Moravia we can find a Czech-language form of the basic Rorate repertory, common to most countries of the former Jagiellonian and later Habsburg commonwealth.

Zdeněk Fibich’s Missa brevis in F Major op. 21 in the Context of Czech Liturgical Compositions of the 1870s–1880s

Author(s): Eva Vičarová / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

The Missa brevis in F Major op. 21 Hud 279 (1885) was composed by Fibich during his two-year compositional crisis. The composition was frequently performed in Bohemian and Moravian churches and remained part of their repertory up until the 1940s. The composition manifests the influence of compositional techniques of Renaissance vocal polyphony, basso continuo, the harmonization technique of the Protestant chorale, as well as elements of contemporary figural music. Apart from an analysis of the composition’s style and evaluation of Fibich’s relationship to liturgical music, this paper also presents the reception of the composition and reflections on it, and classifies it within the context of the liturgical repertory performed in the Czech Lands in the 1870s and 1880s. Particular attention is paid to the characteristics of two contemporary tendencies: figural music and the reformation of the Cyril (Cecilian) Movement.

Stanislav Vrbík a hudba v olomoucké katedrále v letech 1975–1985

Author(s): Eva Vičarová / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2012

Pianist, organist, conductor, composer, poet and prose writer, Stanislav Vrbík (1907, Jablunkov - 1987, Olomouc) was linked with the choir of St Wenceslas Cathedral in Olomouc from 1928, when he accepted the post of organist and auxiliary choralist. When in 1975 he took over the conducting of the cathedral chlor from Gustav Pivoňka, this body had 17 members including four choralists. They performed about twenty times a year. It should be noted that due to the advanced age of the singers, the choir was already past its musical zenith. The cathedral choir was abolished in 1985. Its role was taken over by a parish schola, originally a girls' choir, led by Jan Kupka. Stanislav Vrbík deserves credit for the development of concert activities in Olomouc because in 1977-1985 he gave organ, choral, chamber and Christmas nocturnes in the cathedral. In the repertoire he followed the tradition of his predecessor, introducing mostly works by Czech composers, such as B. Bakala, V. Čajanek, P. Eben, J. Gruber, V. E. Horák, F. Kolařík, J. Nešvera, F. Picka, V. Říhovský, K. Stecker, E. Tregler and B. A. Wiedermann. Last but not least, the choir master used the choir for premieres of his own masses and cantatas Faith - Hope - Love op. 115, Guard and Celebration op. 117, Message of the Victim op. 130. In addition to minor religious compositions, S. Vrbík is the composer of 17 mass cycles and 15 spiritual cantatas. His style of composition is illustrated through the antiphon Saint Wenceslas, The Czech St Peter's Mass op. 114, and the cantata Message of the Victim op. 130.

Gazeli Abdullaha Salahija na arapskom jeziku: lirske ode duhovnoga puta

Author(s): Berin Bajrić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 22/2024

In the world of poems written by a Sufi poet, the author should be understood as a sa’alik–a spiritual traveler who aspires to higher metaphysical realms and deeper transcendental experiences. We can recognize the poet as a sa’alik who travels, and on the journey captures flashes from the world of his own spirit. The Arabic qaṣīdah itself, which represents the normative model of Arabic poetry until modern times, is a kind of an imaginary journey. In the case of Sufi-inspired poetry, it could be considered a kind of a spiritual travelogue. Spiritual travelers are not always the same, nor is the spiritual path of all sa’aliks the same. The goal of all sa’aliks is certainly the same: to reach the highest degree of unity with God. There are different ways to reach the goal and there are different stations–maqāmāts that the sa’alik crosses on his spiritual journey. In Sufi poetry, the main theme is usually love for God, and the poet devotes all his attention to it. Salahi’s poems are dedicated to the Prophet (pbuh) and are written in his praise and glory. The worldview of the poet, as well as the contents of the poem, tell us that it is really about crossing the spiritual path and gaining metaphysical experiences, just like in Sufi poetry dedicated to the love of God. The difference is that, in general, the theme of this poetry is Prophet Muhammad (pbuh). We can say that it is only about a different spiritual journey and different stations that the poet goes through, while the goal is always the same–the final union with Almighty God.

A Genezis 46,8–27 szöveg- és redakciótörténete

Author(s): Vass Lehel / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1/2021

Genesis 46:8–27 lists the names of those who went down along with Jacob to Egypt during the famine in Canaan. However, this passage has some features that inspire to further study. These include seemingly pointless repetitions, tensions within the text and contradictions with other verses in the book of Genesis, which lead us to conclude that the text of the pericope in question has undergone significant changes over time. In this study, we will attempt to deduce possible textual layers and reconstruct the sources used, starting from the canonical text and working backwards in time.

Vigyázzatok, azaz fejlődjetek! Antropológiai adalékok a tíz szűz példázatához Mt 25,1–13

Author(s): Éva Éles / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1/2021

The parable of the ten virgins is generally considered to be as the most ambiguous parable of Jesus in terms of its origin and meaning. Researchers wonder: can be viewed its context in Matthew’s little apocalypse as the very first interpretation of the early church? Is it a genuine, composite text or more a compilation of traditions at all? While these are relevant questions, this paper pays more attention to its final form. The research attempts to reasess its significance through anthropological interpretation. The analysis will address the five main issues of the parable: the relevance of the oil, the human choice, the time of man, the foolishness and cleverness of man, and virginity.

Jövevények és idegenek. Eszkatológiai identitás és öntudat Péter első levelében

Author(s): Éva Éles / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1/2022

The Christian view of man is often intertwined with the philosophical idea of homo viator (pilgrim man). Gabriel Marcel, the father of Christian existentialism, attempts to weave together the relevant strands of religion and philosophy in his book Homo viator: Introduction to the Metaphysics of Hope. We often interpret the lifespan of a few decades on Earth as a journey, a wander. This observation has led to a number of questions: from where did we come from and where will we arrive? If we are passing travellers, how should we relate appropriately to the world and to those who are travelling with us in the same time and space? And in what sense does Peter’s first letter call his addressees “aliens” and “exiles” (1 Peter 1:1; 2:11)? This presentation will highlight the context of Peter’s first letter in which the author provides an eschatological grounding for Christian identity. Yet, this identity, in turn, can be understood not only in the theological tradition of the people of Israel, but also in the new existence in which we can participate through baptism. The cornerstone of this identity is found in 1 Peter 2:2: “Like newborn infants, long for the pure spiritual milk, that by it you may grow up into salvation”(ESV). As we shall see, the petrine context intersects with, and at some point surpasses, the issues raised by the philosophical aspects of homo viator.

„Aki hisz benne, nem szégyenül meg…” Ézsaiás 28,16 újraértelmezései a Róma 9,33 és az 1Péter 2,6 szövegeiben

Author(s): Balogh Csaba / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1/2024

This study delves into the meaning of Isaiah 28:15, examining its original context and subsequent interpretation in the New Testament, with a particular emphasis on the stone metaphor. The first part scrutinises text-critical and semantic issues, considering the Masoretic Texts alongside variant non-Masoretic readings. The latter section assesses the incorporation of the Isaianic text within two New Testament excerpts. This process is mediated through the Septuagint, specifically, a revised edition thereof. The study posits that the New Testament authors, with their different contextualisations, did not seek to innovate but rather aimed to integrate their approaches into an established hermeneutical lineage, commencing with Isaiah’s earlier interpreters. The success of the apostolic proclamation is attributed to the fact that their hermeneutics resonated with the reading traditions familiar to contemporary (Jewish-)Christian communities.

A tanító igehirdetés időszerűsége

Author(s): József Székely / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1/2024

In the last three decades, Transylvanian society and church members have experienced a shift toward secularisation, particularly within the Reformed Church. This trend has made it difficult to engage with younger congregants drifting from organized religion. Despite this, there’s a vital need to re-emphasise Christian teachings, especially considering the current state of the Hungarian Reformed Church in Transylvania, where many lack a deep understanding of biblical and Reformed doctrines. Christian education should be more than just imparting knowledge; it’s about fostering spiritual growth. Ministers, alongside church elders and congregations, should actively teach Christian values, ensuring members develop a strong, knowledgeable faith. Ultimately, faith is more than learning; it’s about a personal connection with God. By focusing on education in preaching and investing in educational initiatives, the Church can nurture a generation of well-informed, devout believers.

Százéves az unitárius énekeskönyv

Author(s): Sándor Kovács / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1/2024

Through an exploration of the editions of the hymnal published in 1924 by Márton Pálffi, this study provides insight into the reverence for tradition surrounding the hymnal, as well as the arduous but unsuccessful efforts made by those aiming to rejuvenate it. Politics often encroached upon the life of the Church, evident in the evolution of the hymnal. The changes of political power and country borders, as well as the imposition of communist censorship, have also significantly influenced the Unitarian hymnal. Despite all efforts, errors persisted in editions published post-1989. This research endeavours to trace these changes across a century of history.