Edukacyjne aspekty bezpieczeństwa nowych technologii komunikacyjnych dla małoletnich w świetle Strategii Unii Europejskiej na rzecz lepszego Internetu dla dzieci (2012).

Author(s): Katarzyna Badźmirowska – Masłowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2012

Technological changes in the field of communications services, determined by digitization and convergence processes have led to global changes in all spheres of life, forming the foundation of the information society, standing in front of important challenges in this rapidly growing area. Digitisation is approaching the base, transfer a variety of contents and forms, and distribution of audiovisual media and other services on – line - but none of these terms is not clearly defined, similar to the definition of the scope of the term electronic media. In the era of globalization, new technologies stimulates the development of all areas of life - from politics, economy, and the various aspects of social and cultural life, including education. The dynamics of technological is the main premiss of social communication paradigm change, making information society services a partof electronic communication network. The European Union provides the protection of minors [juveniles]. In that paper author discuss legal regulations and EU directives which are implementation of the European Strategy for a Better Internet for Children 2012.

Założenia i implementacja programu polskiego rządu w zakresie bezpieczeństwa energetycznego Polski w kontekście polityki klimatyczno-energetycznej Unii Europejskiej w drugiej dekadzie XXI wieku

Author(s): Małgorzata Kamola-Cieślik / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2018

The paper presents the assumptions and implementation of the energy security policy realized by Beata Szydło’s and Mateusz Morawiecki’s government. The decisions of the Polish government were limited to coal mining restructuring, the share of coal and brown coal in the structure of primary energy consumption in Poland, the reduction of greenhouse gases emission in the atmosphere and the development of renewable energy sources. The issue was presented in the context of Poland’s obligations arising from the European Union climate and energy policy by 2020 and 2030. The author noted the reasons of Polish government’s reluctance towards green energy and its development in the EU countries. The consequences that Poland may incur as a result of its failure to satisfy the EU’s condition were examined.

Sprawozdanie z międzynarodowego seminarium naukowego pt. „EU standards on effective judicial protection and judicial independence”, Kraków, 4 grudnia 2023 r.

Author(s): Natalia Hanusek,Zuzanna Topyłło / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2023

Четири възможни мерки за подобряване на медийната среда в България. Препоръки въз основа на научноизследователски проект за медийната система в България в светлината на европейския Закон за свободата на медиите

Author(s): Bissera Zankova,Ivo Indzhov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2023

The article presents an analysis of the possible solutions based on the European Media Freedom Act (EMFA) that would contribute to the improvement of the national media environment: a new media law in line with the adopted European Media Freedom Act; a new philosophy and design of the election of the Council for Electronic Media (CEM) members; a new model for public financing of the media – from state advertising, from European funds, from municipalities to the creation of a special portal to ensure transparency and good visualization of all its forms; setting up of a special fund to support quality journalism. The proposals build on report findings about the main problems in the Bulgarian media system without dealing with public media funding through state budget subsidies in particular.

СИСТЕМА НА НАКАЗАНИЯТА В РИМСКОТО ПРАВО

Author(s): Silvia Stoyanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2024

The article is devoted to the system of punishments in Roman law. Systematization of the most common and popular punishments. The Roman legal concept of punishment and one of the main principles in Roman law - Nullum crimen sine lege, nulla poena sine lege - are examined. Some basic criminal law institutes are also presented.

ПРОЦЕСУАЛНО ЗНАЧЕНИЕ НА ВПИСВАНЕТО НА ИСКОВИТЕ МОЛБИ ПО ЧЛ. 114 ЗС

Author(s): Kameliya Tsolova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2024

In Art. 114, para. 2 of the Ownership Act and in Art. 226, para. 3 of the Code of Civil Procedure, the relationship between the recording of complaints, on the one hand, and two procedural institutes - that of proceedings on complaints, and that of the transfer of interest after pendency, is regulated. The article examines the contradictory views advocated in theory and in practice regarding the interpretation and application of these provisions, as well as the existence of a relationship between them.

FOREWORD

Author(s): / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

The journal is structured into sections that reflect current issues in various fields, as follows: International Law, Public Law, Private Law, and Criminal Sciences. The journal continues to promote the innovative element implemented in previous issues — within the respective sections, doctoral students are admitted, the criterion being the completion of doctoral studies and the finalization of the thesis, including the initiation of the defense procedure. This exception confirms the high level of research of the doctoral students. Equally, this rule is applied to experts whose studies are of interest, especially for practitioners. Promoting the idea of supporting young scientific researchers, the journal contains a special section called 'Doctoral Tribune,' where they have the opportunity to publish their research results, with the works being reviewed by experts in the field.

FOREWORD

Author(s): / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2021

The journal is structured into sections that reflect actual problems of different legal domains, as follows: International Law, Public Law, Private Law and Criminal Sciences. 10 The magazine continues to promote the innovative element implemented in the previous issues — the aforementioned sections include the research of post-graduate students, the criterion being the finalization of the doctoral studies and completion of thesis, including the beginning of the procedure of its defense.

ARGUMENT

Author(s): / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2023

The journal is structured into sections that reflect current issues in various fields, as follows: International Law, Public Law, Private Law, and Criminal Sciences. The journal continues to promote the innovative element implemented in previous issues — within the respective sections, doctoral students are admitted, the criterion being the completion of doctoral studies and the finalization of the thesis, including the initiation of the defense procedure. This exception confirms the high level of research of the doctoral students. Equally, this rule is applied to experts whose studies are of interest, especially for practitioners. Promoting the idea of supporting young scientific researchers, the journal contains a special section called 'Doctoral Tribune,' where they have the opportunity to publish their research results, with the works being reviewed by experts in the field.

ARGUMENT

Author(s): / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2/2023

The journal is structured into sections that reflect current issues in various fields, as follows: International Law, Public Law, Private Law, and Criminal Sciences. The journal continues to promote the innovative element implemented in previous issues — within the respective sections, doctoral students are admitted, the criterion being the completion of doctoral studies and the finalization of the thesis, including the initiation of the defense procedure. This exception confirms the high level of research of the doctoral students. Equally, this rule is applied to experts whose studies are of interest, especially for practitioners. Promoting the idea of supporting young scientific researchers, the journal contains a special section called 'Doctoral Tribune,' where they have the opportunity to publish their research results, with the works being reviewed by experts in the field.

FOREWORD

Author(s): / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

The journal is structured into sections that reflect actual problems of different legal domains, as follows: International Law, Public Law, Private Law and Criminal Sciences. 10 The magazine continues to promote the innovative element implemented in the previous issues — the aforementioned sections include the research of post-graduate students, the criterion being the finalization of the doctoral studies and completion of thesis, including the beginning of the procedure of its defense. This exception is aimed at confirmation of high level of doctoral studies. This rule is applied in the same measure to the experts, whose research presents an interest, especially for the practitioners.

Argument

Author(s): / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2/2024

The journal is structured into sections that reflect current issues in various fields, as follows: International Law, Public Law, Private Law, and Criminal Sciences. The journal continues to promote the innovative element implemented in previous issues — within the respective sections, doctoral students are admitted, the criterion being the completion of doctoral studies and the finalization of the thesis, including the initiation of the defense procedure. This exception confirms the high level of research of the doctoral students. Equally, this rule is applied to experts whose studies are of interest, especially for practitioners. Promoting the idea of supporting young scientific researchers, the journal contains a special section called 'Doctoral Tribune,' where they have the opportunity to publish their research results, with the works being reviewed by experts in the field.

Modificări legislative în domeniul muzeal și al protejării patrimoniului

Author(s): Alis Vasile / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2024

The paper is a critical overview of the recently issued regulations (December 2022 – June 2024) on movable cultural heritage and museums in Romania. The main elements of the new regulations reinforce the advisory role of the scientific external body of the Romanian Ministry of Culture, the National Commission for Museums and Collections, administrative procedures for declaring cultural goods as national treasure and for the pre-emption right of the Romanian state in acquiring cultural goods classified as national treasure, as well as new sanctioning competences for the Romanian Police, in the field of national movable cultural heritage.

Ochrona pracowników przed zautomatyzowaną dyskryminacją na przykładzie procesu rekrutacji i selekcji pracowników

Author(s): Weronika Głodek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 22/2024

This article examines the impact of the technological revolution on changes taking place in the field of employment, which is a topical issue in both international and domestic law. The purpose of the article is to indicate how current legislation, as well as its drafts, contribute to the protection of job applicants involved in the employees’ recruitment and selection process. The article also addresses the issue of liability for the phenomenon of “automated discrimination” that can occur in connection with the use of artificial intelligence algorithms in the employee recruitment and selection process.

De la 1 ianuarie 2025 România va intra complet în spațiul Schengen. La ce trebuie să fie atenți transportatorii și operatorii economici?

Author(s): Mihai Petre,Cosmin Dincă / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 6/2024

The long-awaited decision for Romania and Bulgaria to enter the Schengen land area from January 1, 2025, will create significant advantages for intra-union freight transport and beyond. Currently, the Schengen area consists of 29 countries (25 EU Member States and the EFTA countries – Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, and Switzerland). Romania and Bulgaria have successfully completed the Schengen evaluation process provided in their Accession Treaties, taking all necessary measures to ensure the application of the relevant parts of the Schengen acquis. With Romania's full entry into Schengen, waiting times at the borders with Hungary and Bulgaria will be eliminated. Currently, the average waiting time for trucks at these two borders is 180 minutes.

Munca prin intermediul platformelor digitale: într-un context european proaspăt reglementat, România vizează deja combaterea neconformări

Author(s): Claudia Sofianu,Anca Atanasiu,Dan Răuț / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 6/2024

The European Parliament and the Council of the European Union adopted on October 23, 2024, and published in the Official Journal of the European Union, European Directive 2024/2831 regarding the improvement of working conditions in platform work. The directive must be transposed by member states into domestic legislation within 2 years (i.e., by December 2, 2026). It remains to be seen whether these two years will be a sufficient grace period for those who own or use digital platforms to conduct careful analyses of the business model and existing framework, as well as to prepare and design the best measures to adapt to future legal regulations.

Beneficiile certificării AEO în era digitalizării operațiunilor vamale

Author(s): Mihai Petre,Daniela Neagoe / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 6/2024

In the context of globalization and the increase in the volume of international trade, the efficiency and security of supply chains have become essential priorities for companies and customs authorities. Therefore, "Authorized Economic Operator" (AEO) certification becomes essential, offering numerous benefits for economic operators conducting their activities in Romania. The postponement of VAT payment at customs, if customs formalities are carried out through centralized national clearance, cash flow advantages, "at-home" customs clearance for exports, and the reduction of customs guarantees would be the major advantages of AEO certification. However, we are also talking about other advantages, such as the measure by which AEO certificate holders benefit from the postponement of sanctions related to reporting through the RO e-transport system until March 31, 2025.

TIRESIAS’ GIFT OF FORESIGHT: DETECTING FIRMS IN DISTRESS

Author(s): Tudor RĂDULESCU,Cosmin Dariescu,Daniela Mardiros / Language(s): English Issue: 25 Special/2022

The 2020 pandemic has accelerated bankruptcy in economic sectors directly affected by the evolution of prices (the oil industry, transportation, entertainment, the car industry etc). Thus, the number of distressed businesses has grown. The current paper aims to answer the following legitimate questions: what are the methods to early detect distressed businesses, and what are the paths that one can use in order to warn them of imminent distress? According to the European Commission, a company is distressed if, in the absence of State intervention, it will shut down its short-term or middle-term operations. The use of a multitude of definitions for financial distress is explained through the failure to find a measure of enterprise decline. Each country uses different terms to describe insolvency. Still, a model is necessary to improve the accuracy of the prediction. Liquidity flows, profitability and the leverage effect are the most useful indicators to predict a business’ insolvency, along with: assessment of accounting documents, liquidity rates, changes in legislation etc. Certain steps have been taken to elaborate some innovative methods based on data and Artificial Intelligence. In the EU, there are three warning tendencies: the extra-judiciary tendency, the mixed tendency and the non-litigious judiciary tendency

Účastenství v řízení z pohledu nařízení o zahraničních subvencích

Author(s): Michal Hadinec / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2024

In his contribution; the author deals with the issue of the new regulation on foreign subsidies distorting the internal market. He does so in comparison with the reg¬ulation of state aid. He focuses mainly on the procedural rules governing the position of competitors of recipients of foreign subsidies. The article analyses the similarities between the unlawful state aid procedure and the unlawful foreign subsidy procedure. Subse¬quently; the issues of complaints and locus standi are examined.

Restructurarea serviciilor vamale în 2025 - digitalizare și reorganizare în contextul intrării României în Spațiul Schengen

Author(s): Mihai Petre / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2025

Romania is undergoing a radical transformation of its customs services, carried out under the Strategy for the Reform of the Romanian Customs Authority for the period 2022-2024. However, this reform will now continue from a new perspective—that of Romania's acceptance into the Schengen Area. The modernization and optimization of customs activities, which will have a direct impact on the national economy as well as on regional and European trade exchanges, will include the mandatory restructuring of border crossing points, as well as customs clearance and control procedures for goods transiting, entering, or leaving Romania. Beyond the objectives of advanced personnel training and equipping customs authorities with appropriate border surveillance tools, the key focus of this transformation should be the digitalization of processes and the implementation of solutions based on artificial intelligence (AI).