Съвременни интерпретационни модели на релацията между Ius и Iustum

Author(s): Svetoslav Naumov / Language(s): Bulgarian / Publication Year: 0

The issue of the connection between law and justice has historical, politological and purely legal and legal-philosophical aspects. The analysis of that relationship needs a philosophical and historical overview to be made, as well as to outline its contemporary aspects. The article is dedicated to the connection between justice and law in the context of the philosophical concept of fairness, equality and freedom. Philosophical-juridical discourse of justice brings forth the particular actuality of the topic given the context of the contemporary international standards and regulations that form the institutional frame of modern legal policy.

Съвременният правен изследовател (есе)

Author(s): Vihar Kiskinov / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 4/2005

Съвременният правен позитивизъм

Author(s): Rosen Tashev / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 5/2000

The article explores the Modern Legal Positivism - one of the main strands of the Philosophy of Law. On the basis of the historical development (Early Legal Positivism, Normativism) and a comparative analysis (Natural Law Theory, Sociological Jurisprudence) the focus is on the three main features of the theory: primary and secondary rules, validity of legal norms and ,the open texture" of the legal texts.

Съдебната реформа в България: Възможности за развитие на модерна система за регистрация

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Bulgarian

The brochure was published for the workshop Reforming Judiciary in Bulgaria: Towards the Introduction of Modern Registration System held in September 2002. It contains the full text of the report on the opportunities for developing Central Register of Legal Entities and Electronic Registries Center in Bulgaria, developed by the CSD Task Force, presentation of the experience of Norway and other European countries as well as information on the operation of the European Business Register.

Създава ли достатъчна гаранция за правото на справедлив процес възможността за възобновяване на наказателното дело, когато касационният съд е приложил закон за еднакво или по-леко наказуемо престъпление

Author(s): Georgi Mitov / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 1/2012

The article examines the 2011 amendment of art. 422, par. 1, item 1 of the Bulgarian Criminal Procedure Code (CPC) which provides the convict with the option to request reopening of the criminal case if it falls under art. 354, par. 2, item 2 of the CPC – when the court of cassation amends the sentence by applying the law on the same or milder punishable offence. This amendment was provoked by the European Court of Human Rights judgment on the Penev vs Bulgaria case where this particular power of the Supreme Court of Cassation is viewed as a violation of art.6, §3 (а) and (b) of the ECHR. By examining the essence and the particularities of the provisions of art. 354, par. 2, item 2 of the CPC, the case law of the court related to art.6, §3 (а) and (b) of the ECHR and its motivation in the Penev vs Bulgaria judgment, the author justifies the conclusion that introducing the option for reopening of the criminal proceedings by the convict’s request in cases under art. 354, par. 2, item 2 of the CPC is a positive amendment to the CPC but it does not provide sufficient guarantee for the defendant’s right of fair trial under art.6, §3 (а) and (b) of the ECHR.

Съзнанието като предпоставка за правото и правото като предпоставка за свободната воля

Author(s): Boyan Bahanov / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 3/2021

The present study expresses the thesis that there is a direct connection between the development of the consciousness of individuals in a society, the emergence of law, and the formation of free will. First, the article distinguishes between consciousness in the broad sense and consciousness in the narrow sense. The author also presents the different degrees of awareness, which will answer the question, at what level of their development human individuals attain the capacity to coexist in a legal society. Subsequently, the thesis will be argued that, in such a legal society, the necessary prerequisites are created for the formation of free will in the individual.

Същност на очевидната фактическа грешка в обвинителния акт

Author(s): Kristina Aleksandrova / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 1/2018

The obvious factual error is any inconsistency between the true will of the body concerned and its external expression in the written act. So far, it has been governed by the Code of Civil Procedure and the Administrative Procedure Code, and with the amendments to the Code of Criminal Procedure of 2017, the legislator regulates the removal of an obvious factual error in the indictment. The essence of the obvious factual error is a technical error, consisting of incorrect digits, letters, words, and even entire passages of a text.

Тенденции в наказателноправната защита от тероризъм в Европейския съюз

Author(s): Galina Toneva / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 1/2018

In the article named “Trends in criminal law protection from terrorism in the European Union” the author traces the development of the penal law regulations of combating terrorism in the EU in the context of deepening integration processes in it. First thearticlecontainsanassessment of thecomplexsocio-legalnature of the phenomenon of terrorism and the difficulties that it poses the legal doctrine worldwide in attempts to give a clear definition of the crime “terrorism”. Next, the author traces the steps in the development of Community legislation on terrorism, the acts with which it is done and the fundamental corpus delicti of the three groups of crimes related to terrorism in the period before the adoption of the Lisbon Treaty. Third in the article are presented the new formulations of crimes related to terrorist activity, regulated by Directive (EU) 2017/541 of the European Parliamentand of the Council of 15 March 2017 on combating terrorism and replacing Council Framework Decision 2002/475/JHA and amending Council Decision 2005/671/JHA. Finally the author makes a conclusion for the need to strengthen the Union’s role to address the ever-grow in gandever-changing manifestation forms of terroristthreat,motivatedwithexistinglegalbasisforthisinthe TFEU, and a proposalde lege ferenda is made for activation the procedure of Article 86, paragraph 4 of the TFEU to expand the jurisdiction of the European Public Prosecutor’s Office also to the offenses related to terrorism.

Теоретична постановка на престъплението по чл. 255а НК и някои проблеми по неговото прилагане в практиката

Author(s): Veselin Kolev / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 1/2012

The article examines the crime under art. 255a of the Bulgarian Criminal Code related to avoiding the assessment or payment of large-scale tax obligations through the transformation of a commercial company or through a transaction involving related parties, within the meaning of the Tax and Social Insurance Procedure Code. The analysis of art.255a of the CC focuses of the different forms of perpetration of the crime. It points out inaccuracies in the formulation of the provisions which lead to practical difficulties in prosecuting. The inaccuracies are further analyzed by taking into account the relevant commercial legislation and the existing practices related to the perpetration of this form of tax evasion and by making de lege ferenda proposals for their amendment.

Теоретична постановка на престъплението по чл. 255а от НК и някои проблеми по неговото пилагане в практиката

Author(s): Veselin Kolev / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 1/2013

The article attempts to analyse the objective and the subjective characteristics of the crime under art. 255a of the Criminal Code by examining both the regular and special provisions. The analysis differentiates between the crimes under art. 255a and art. 255 of the Criminal Code. It provides de lege ferenda proposals for improvement of the legal regime.

ТЕОРИЈА ТУМАЧЕЊА ПРАВА ЖИВОЈИНА М. ПЕРИЋА

Author(s): Miroljub Simić / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 19/1979

Zivojin M. Peric est un des plus grands juristes bourgeois serbe de vin¬gtième siècle. Dans la littérature juridique il est considéré comme l'un des pre¬miers chez nous qui a donné une base philosôphico-scientifique à l'interprétation du droit.337L'auteur a d'abord attiré l'attention sur l'importance de la continuité dans le développement de la science juridique et ensuite il passe à l'exposé même de la théorie de l'interprétation du droit de Peric. Après avoir exposé les do¬cuments de la vie et du travail scientifique de Zivojin Peric, l'auteur analyse les questions suivantes: 1. la notion de l'interprétation du droit; 2. l'interprétation du droit et les lacunes dans le droit et 3. la méthode rationaliste et évolutio- nniste de l'interprétation.

ТЕОРИЈА ТУМАЧЕЊА ПРАВА ЖИВОЈИНА М. ПЕРИЋА: (НАСТАВАК)

Author(s): Miroljub Simić / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 20/1980

Dans la suite de son étude relative à l'interprétation du droit de 2ivojin Peric (dont la première partie a étéé publiée dans le Recueil des travaux de la Fa¬culté de droit de Nis pour l'année 1979, pages 319—337) l'auteur analyse: a) la thé¬orie subjective et objective de l'interprétation du droit; le principe de l'irrespon¬sabilité de l'interprète à l'occasion de l'interprétation et le complément des lacu¬nes et c) la méthode de Peric de l'interprétation du Code civil.L'auteur analyse, ensuite, l'état de la science juridique (et de la science re¬lative à l'interprétation) est les circontances sociales dans le monde, ainsi que les circonstances sociales en Serbie à la fin du Dix-neuvéme et au commencement du Vingtième siècles qui à son avis, ont exercé une influence profonde sur la for¬mation scientifique de la théorie de l'interprétation du droit de Zivojin Peric.A la fin l'auteur conclut que malgré que nous ne pouvons pas classer Peric dans une école relative à l'interprétation du droit, car il a créé sa propre variante qui tire son origine des circonstances sociales de notre pays est de l'était de la science juridique dans le monde, elle représente quand même une synthèse déterminée de la juridiction conceptive et exégétique, et que appliquée dans la pratique, à l'inter¬prétation du droit positif, souvent elle acquiert certaines prémisses de la théorie sociologique moderne de l'interprétation du droit.

ТЕОРИЈСКОПРАВНИ ПРИСТУП ОДРЕЂЕЊУ ПРАВА

Author(s): Marko Trajković / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 54/2009

In order to define the law it is indispensable to look into its normative, valued and sociological dimension. The fact that law is defined as the system of norms regulating human behavior points to the necessity of studying the normative dimension of law. However, law is the concept of reality related to the value, or it is the reality with purpose to serve the value. This means that the positive law has to be right as far as the content is concerned, and vice versa, the right law has to be positive. From the sociological standpoint, law is considered to be the system of norms which are applied in society. Thus, law is at the same time defined by its social function, thereby the definition of law is wider. Law no longer belongs to the special world of norms, but to the holistic totality. The relation between normative, valued and sociological element of law points to the necessity of the integral study of law. Law is the system of norms pervaded by ethics, by means of which legal and social values are being realized in society.

ТРАДИЦИОНАЛНО И САВРЕМЕНО СХВАТАЊЕ ТУМАЧЕЊА ПРАВА: ОПШТИ ПОГЛЕД НА ДВЕ ОПРЕЧНЕ МЕТОДОЛОШКЕ ОРИЈЕНТАЦИЈЕ

Author(s): Suzana Medar / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 42/2002

There is a mutual impact and correlation between the theoretical conceptions related to the interpretation of law, including the understanding not only of the totality of the legal phenomenon but also of a series of partial problems in legal theory. This paper aims at presenting the two basic methodological approaches in the interpretation of law, and indicating how they are related to the corresponding conceptions in the sources of law, legal gaps, legislature, the principle of the separation of power, the nature of judicial activity and legal values.

Трактування юридичної відповідальності суддів в Україні

Author(s): Yaroslav Skoromnyy / Language(s): Ukrainian / Issue: 09/2020

The article presents the conceptual principles of interpretation of the legal liability of judges in Ukraine. Based on the conducted research, it has been revealed that by the provisions of the Constitution of Ukraine and the Law of Ukraine “On the Judicial System and the Status of Judges” judicial power in Ukraine is entrusted to judges. It has been proven that judges are guided by the superiority of law and are independent in administering justice. Based on the provisions of the law, it has been established that without the consent of the Supreme Council of Justice a judge cannot be taken and kept under arrest until the moment when the court passes the corresponding sentence, except for serious and extremely serious crimes. It has been established that a judge can be prosecuted for a court decision, except in cases of a crime or disciplinary action. It is determined that the key feature of the legal responsibility of judges is the directly negative nature which it bears for the offender. At the same time, the insufficiently high level of conscientious performance of official duties, which are defined by legal norms, and the low level of self-awareness are considered to be the manifestation of the legal responsibility of judges. It has been found out that there is no reason to distinguish procedural responsibility as an independent type of legal responsibility of judges because the consequences of procedural activities of judges in resolving court cases are manifestations of their legal position and personal convictions. It is established that the essence of the legal responsibility of judges is aimed at 1) promoting the legality and objectivity of the trial and making a court decision on this basis by the law; 2) creation of a holistic legal consciousness of judges of the judicature; 3) prevention of offenses that are committed and may be committed by judges; 4) ensuring a high level of independence of judges; 5) strengthening the authority of the court and raising the level of citizens to the court; 6) lustration of the judicature within the framework of the provisions defined by the law, according to which the judicature will include only fair and dedicated judges.

Тродимензионалност права

Author(s): Sava Aksić / Language(s): Serbian / Publication Year: 0

Traditional theories, as normative, sociological and psychological,explain the nature and essence of Law by way is not wrong, so the way these theories explain the Law is correct, but only in part by they explain the Law.That’s mean these theories are particular and not comprehensive.By Psychological theory of Law Petrazicky, imperative – attributive emotions makes the Law. According to George Gurvitch's Sociological theory,the normative fact is every manifestation of social reality and according to Kelzen's normative theory the Law is content only of orders of state.We think, all of this theories, represent some reduction of Law. The Law is impossible to reduce on way this theories explain it especial. The Law is possible to receive only on way of wholeness. That’s mean, the Law is contented not from facts this theories especial find as Law, then in facts of all this theories.

ТУМАЧЕЊЕ ПРАВА КАО ВРЕДНОВАЊЕ НА ОСНОВУ КОНТЕКСТА – ПРИЛОГ КОНСТРУКТИВНОЈ ТЕОРИЈИ ТУМАЧЕЊА

Author(s): Saša B. Bovan / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 1/2012

This paper is rooted in the theory of constructive interpretation of the law. The author examines contextual and axiological nature of interpretation of the law, with a particular focus on the main issues of juristic hermeneutics, i.e. the questions of nature of juristic conclusion, and of the tools of arriving to it. Concerning the ongoing dispute between the mechanical and the creative jurisprudence, this approach facilitates a consistent and convincing criticism of the conceptual jurisprudence, and of the syllogistic logic in implementation of the laws, which tends to create an image of judge as a logical machine. Contextual interpretation and axiological perspective enable the author to develop the idea of freedom as a method of juristic decision making.

ТУМАЧЕЊЕ ПРЕМА ПРИРОДИ СТВАРИ – ПРИЛОГ СОЦИОЛОШКОЈ ТЕОРИЈИ ТУМАЧЕЊА ПРАВА

Author(s): Saša B. Bovan / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 2/2016

Interpretation by the nature of things most of the authors in the field of legal hermeneutics view in the manner of Bidlinsky, Larense and Canaris. This approach is largely paradoxical because in explaining the examples from legal practice it fails to sustain and survive the idealistic understanding of the category of “things” that come from the philosophy of law. To paraphrase Horacio, who says that “we can impose on nature by force, it always returns” (expellas naturam furca tamen usque recurret), we will primarily state the following (1) any discussion on the interpretation must by the nature of things start or finally always ends up with the realistic definition of the category of “things” within the formula of the “nature of things”. This further means that (2) only when the essence of the “things” is examined through the lens of facts (realist, naturalistic) the formula “about the nature of things” gains a dimension of a relevant hermeneutical instrument. Also, (3) realistic understanding of “things” – that arises, not so much by the power of a theoretical paradigm as much as the by the needs of legal practice – make the interpretation by the nature of things look as a sociological analysis where it manifests itself as the fulfillment of needing from a legal norm, or filling legal gaps, starting from typical, ordinary or usual state of social relations expressed through the interpretation of the facts of the case. Accordingly, also on the level of discussion on the interpretation of the nature of things (4) the sociological theory of interpretation of the law confirmes itself whereby it views the procedure of interpretation of law as primarily an inductive logic operation, when favoring small premise of the juristic conclusion (working on the facts) and where the explanation of the facts of the case (which is inserted between the establishment of facts and qualifications of facts) emerges as a key criterion of interpretation of legal norms.

УЛОГА СУДИЈЕ У ТУМАЧЕЊУ ПРАВА: (НЕКА ПИТАЊА ТЕОРИЈЕ ТУМАЧЕЊА ПРАВА)

Author(s): Miroljub Simić / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 15/1975

Quand au tournant des siècles, au passage de XIXème au XXème siècle, a été dédolie l'ancienne doctrine tradionnelle relative au droit en tant qu'ensemble fermé et entrièrement logique et fonction mécanique du jugement, la doctrine relative à l'interprétation du droit a surgi au premier plan de l'examen scientifique. Depuis la découverte de l'élément sociologique dans le droit, ce fondement réel d'où le droit a triré sa source et auquel doit servir le droit, l'intepretation du droit a pour fonction de relier la norme en tant que manifestation idéale et abstraite de ce qui doit être avec le cas concert et provoquer d.es conséquences sociales déterminées. Cela entraîne des difficultés déterminées dans la pratique et l'interpretation peut les dépasser si elle est conçue comme création, en général comme activité créatrice. En tant qu'activité de l'esprit incessante qui ne se limite pas seulement à l'explication de ce qui est confus ou ambigu dans la norme mais qui tend à la compléter et l'adapter par le moyen d'une formule. Ce n'est que lorsqu'elle est ainsi conçue que l'interpretation peut répondre à son devoir social.L'importance de la doctrine relative à l'interprétation doit être considérée dans les cardes réels, c'est-à-dire son importance ne doit être exagérée. La question de l'interprétation est une question juridique dont la solution dépend de l'attitude prise par la science à l'égard des questions fondamentales de l'Etat et du droit.

УНУТРАШЊА МОРАЛНОСТ ПРАВА - LON FULLER

Author(s): Petar Stojanović / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 6/1993