"Baby Boom" generacije na pragu penzionisanja

Author(s): Jelena N. Stojilković Gnjatović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2010

Sudden increase in the number of live births after the Second World War due to an increase in fertility rates has led to the formation of cohorts with specific characteristics or baby boom generation. This generation is unique in the history of the demographic phenomenon that has affected and affects the functioning of many segments of society. The aim of this paper is to assess structure of baby boomers who are few years away from retirement, using demographic data. Impact of baby boomer age structure of current and future retirees is described with a graphical display of current and projected age pyramid of baby boomers. Demographic pattern that women live longer than men is evident in the projected pyramid. In addition, the number of baby boomers will lead to a "younger" old population. The imbalance in the number of men and women pensioners, as well as older cohorts of women and female baby boomers was analysed. As a result, an increasing trend of women's age pensioners who are members of the baby boom generation was clearly observed, which is opposite to the older cohort of women who often were family pensioners. Different circumstances and conditions in which female boomers lived and worked will form a new "pension model" because they will gain their benefits as well as men, for the first time in significant number, unlike their mothers, which gained the right to retire after they become widows. Number of women age pensioners is getting greater compering to men, as the result of changes in the economic activities of women in the last half of the 20th century. When baby boomers retire and exit the working population, this will create a vacuum, because the numerically smaller generations will enter working population, while the sudden and very shortly, the number of population older than 60 or 65 will increase, most of them will likely to acquire the right to a pension. It is undeniable that baby boomers had impact on demographic structure, but also on society as a whole. They have been extremely important factor of development of our country during their working career, they are healthier then previous generation and many of them possess the knowledge and experience gained by the years, so rigid prediction of future changes that will produce the retirement of this generation has no excuses. Retired baby boom generation will perhaps lead to new, better way of life in old age.

"Employee of the Month" in Romania: a Study on Perceptions

Author(s): Sabina Irimie,Bianca Armean / Language(s): English Issue: 5/2012

An important and complex problem of labor economics in general and of human resource management in particular, is to effectively motivate employees. At the current juncture, under the spectrum of economic crisis, the controversies of theoretical and practical interest such as the importance of the money, the relationship between motivation, satisfaction and performance at work, are more pronounced and more focused on non-financial forms of motivation. At least in part, this is because the usual ways of saving costs in today's organizations seem to aim primarily the expenses on staff (wages, rewards, training funds and so on). In this context, the paper aims to highlight the perceptions of employees on the program "Employee of the Month", as it was implemented in a Romanian organization (in a hybrid approach, combining monetary rewards and recognition awards specific to most common forms of program). Thus, the main results of our study reflect the opinions of people involved in this program, and allow us to sketch some possible changes based on the feedback from employees, in order to further improve the effectiveness of the program.

(Ne)delání rodinné politiky v České republice

Author(s): Linda Sokačová / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

14th International Scientific Conference Business Logistics in Modern Management

Author(s): Jelena Franjković / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2014

25. mednarodna konferenca zgodovinarjev delavskega gibanja

Author(s): Andrej Studen / Language(s): Slovenian Issue: 1-2/1990

25. mednarodna konferenca zgodovinarjev delavskega gibanja (ITH) (Linz, 12. do 16. IX. 1989)

360 DERECE PERFORMANS DEĞERLEME YÖNTEMİ İLE PERFORMANS DEĞERLEME: BANKA ŞUBESİ ÇALIŞANLARI ÜZERİNDE NİTEL BİR ARAŞTIRMA

Author(s): Aras Doğan / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 42/2019

This study focuses on how the key competencies of employees are evaluated using 360 degree performance evaluation system. 360 degree performance appraisal of employees is evaluated not only from superiors but also from himself, subordinates, peers and customers. The main aim of this study is to evaluate six key competencies acknowledged by 360 degree performance evaluation system. With this purpose semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight bank branch employees and the data were arranged and interpreted by means of descriptive analysis. The findings show that seven employees’s performance is above the desired level. But one employee’s performance is below desired level. It is believed that this research will contribute qualitative performance evaluation using 360 degree performance evaluation process.

410 Romanian Managers’ Opinion Regarding the Place and Role of the Organizational culture in the Sustainable Development Management

Author(s): H. C. Ion Petrescu / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2011

In the sustainable development management, the following important elements are present and operate: rules of conduct, values, aspirations and expectations, beliefs, specific myths, learned behavior patterns, habits, visible symbols of the company, motivation / reward systems, rights and obligations, components of the organizational culture. These generate the way the activities of sustainable development are structured. The organizational culture influences the sustainable development at the economic, social and environmental level. It contains sustainable values for change, oriented towards the sustainable development management.

50+ do starého železa nepatří!

Author(s): Zdena Bočarova / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

A "GLOBAL" STRATEGY ON CONSTRUCTING "REGIONAL" ADVANTAGE BY REGIONAL INNOVATION SYSTEMS (RIS)

Author(s): Ayşegül Baykul,Selen Işik Maden / Language(s): English Issue: 19/2019

Studies on regional innovation systems in various geographical levels are gradually increasing. The aim of this study is to reveal the importance of region spatially in the development of innovative capacity. By the regionalization of innovation policies, needs of a specific region or company are exhibited more effectively and it becomes easier to monitor and apply the precautions to be taken. Creating a regional advantage starts with identifying the environments where knowledge production, innovation and entrepreneurship actualise. From this point of view Regional Innovation Systems (RIS) play a strategical role on competitive ability and innovation ability of regions. Systematic malfunctions than can prevent innovation system from operating efficiently can be in question. In this case the intervention of the public need to focus on the malfunctions in the relations, not to overall system. In this sense the regulatory role of the government needs to focus on process-based issues such as developing regional knowledge infrastructure, catalysing to access external knowledge sources, increasing the human capital quality, supporting clusters, establishing networks among innovative actors and supporting them.

A Behavioral Approach to Irrational Exuberances – An Artificial Intelligence Roboethics Taxonomy

Author(s): Julia M. Puaschunder,Dirk Beerbaum / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2019

Contemporary theories and studies of economics apply a behavioral approach. Behavioral Economics revolutionized mainstream neo-classical economics in the past years. The success of behavioral economics is reflected by two Nobel Prizes in Economics. The wide range of psychological, economic and sociological laboratory and field experiments proved human beings deviating from rational choices and standard neo-classical profit maximization axioms often failed to explain how human actual behavior. Human beings rather use heuristics in their day-to-day decision making. These mental short cuts enable to cope with a complex world yet also often leave individuals biased and falling astray to decision making failures. Artificial intelligence (AI) driven robots and machines are forecasted to grow dramatically in the next years . AI reflects many algorithms, models and techniques, machine learning, databases and visualizations. One of the main advantages of AI-driven machines is that they follow consistently rational algorithmic rules without being biased. Ethical considerations intend to make AI-driven robots more human and introduce morality into machines. The Uber-Waymo trial made transparent how much artificial intelligence development is impacted by human irrationality and irrational exuberances. It reveals a culture of agile software development, which prioritize releasing the latest software over testing and verification, and one that encourages shortcuts and irrationality. This also give proof that applying artificial intelligence cannot ensure that irrational exuberances are prevented. The reason for this irrational exuberance may have its roots in the exponential growth in computing and storage technologies predicted by Gordon Moore five decades ago. This paper develops a concept how irrational exuberances can be prevented from happening. One general approach for solutioning of the issue is to increase transparency. The paper recommends applying technology to make data more accessible and more readable on the application of artificial intelligence. For this purpose the application of “transparency technology XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language)” is incorporated. XBRL is part of the choice architecture on regulation by governments (Sunstein 2013), which applies nudging for influencing towards a preferred option used by the mass consumers. XBRL is connected to a taxonomy. The paper develops a taxonomy to make application of artificial intelligence more transparent to the public and incorporates ethical considerations. As a business case the strongly growing robo-advice market in Germany is taken. The taxonomy is either inductively derived from the robo-advice market offerings and deductively includes the existing standards on ethical codes for robot’s usage and application of artificial intelligence. The paper focus on the way to enhance AI that aligns with human values. How can incentive be provided that AI systems themselves do not become potential objects of moral concern. The main outcome of the paper is that Digitalization implies with AI moral concerns however transparency technologies at the same time also offer way to mitigate such risks.

A Bibliometric Analysis of Cultural Intelligence and Multicultural Leadership

Author(s): Constantin Bratianu,Dan Paiuc / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2022

The two COVID-19 pandemic years enhanced the work from anywhere phenomenon and set the virtual multicultural professional environment as a new normal. In these circumstances, the purpose of this paper is to bring up a bibliometric analysis focusing on cultural intelligence (CQ) and multicultural leadership (ML). The study, performed with Nvivo and VOSviewer, and rooted in the Web of Science Core Collection database, visually presents a direct and explicit link between CQ and ML, opening the door to further analysis that will enhance the impact of cultural intelligence not only on multinational leadership but also on the profitability of the companies. This study can provide global leaders, cross-disciplinary researchers and students with the appropriate tools in order to understand the size, the impact and the relations of cultural intelligence and multicultural leadership.

A Business Motivational Profile: comparing the Attitudes of the Business, Administration and Young People

Author(s): Diana Kopeva,Nikolai Shterev,Dimitar Blagoev / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2015

The issies of motivational attitudes and the studies in this field have alwaysbeen relevant with reference to the dynamics of the business environment and the fastchanges in them within this context. For this reason, there are numerour previoustheoretical, methodological and practical studies which do not belittle the importance ofany subsequent study.In connection with the above mentioned, the present survey studies andanalyses the motivation of employees and managers of business structures and publicadministration. Its aim is to analyse and make a comparative analysis of the motivationof managers and employees working in business organizations and in the publicadministration and the attitudes of young people who study business towards theirfuture professional realization.The study is structured in three parts which outline the theoretical andmethodological foundations of motivation, the motivational profile and competences;present the results of the administered questionnaires; summarize the findings anddraw conclusions.

A career in BPO and SSC Accounting Service Centers in Poland – the similarities and differences in selected aspects

Author(s): Monika Łada,Anna Konieczny,Jacek Wolak / Language(s): English Issue: 106/2020

The research aims to investigate the career development of accounting specialists working in Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) and Shared Service Center (SSC) organizations. The study focuses on identifying the similarities and differences between career development in selected aspects within those two models of accounting outsourcing. The research was conducted using a questionnaire. The data were obtained from Polish accountants working in BPO and SSC in Cracow and analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. We find a range of career development opportunities in accounting SSC and BPO centers. Accountants who focus on promotion, training, and international work environment most often choose job offers among BPO centers, although job satisfaction and work perception are comparable in SSC and BPO. Accountants with a higher level of job satisfaction and positive work perception in the current accounting service center stay in the BPO/SSC sector for longer periods.

A CAUSALITY ANALYSIS OF THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN GROSS FIXED CAPITAL FORMATION, ECONOMIC GROWTH AND EMPLOYMENT IN SOUTH AFRICA

Author(s): Daniel Francois Meyer,Kazeem Abimbola Sanusi / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2019

In terms of macro-economic policy, gross fixed capital formation, which is the major component of domestic investment, is seen as an important process that could accelerate economic growth. This study re-examines the controversial issue of causality between domestic investment, employment and economic growth using South African data. The traditional assumption of causality running from investment to economic growth has remained inconclusive while empirical findings on the investment and employment growth nexus are also largely unsettled. The study makes use of quarterly data from 1995Q1 to 2016Q4 within the framework of the Johansen cointegration and Vector Error Correction Models (VECM). The empirical findings suggest that a long run relationship exists between domestic investment, employment and economic growth, with causality running from economic growth to investment and not vice versa. The results also demonstrate that investment has a positive long-run impact on employment. The empirical evidence further suggests bi-directional causality between employment and economic growth, while evidence of uni-directional causality, from investment to employment, is also found. The major implication of the study is that although there is bi-directional causality between economic growth and employment, economic growth does not translate to increased employment in the long run confirming “jobless growth”. Investment is found to be a positive driver of employment in the South African economy in the long-run. The study concludes that, in order to stimulate employment, investment enhancing policies, such as low interest rates and a favourable economic environment should be put in place to accelerate growth. Measures to promote economic growth, such as improved infrastructural facilities and diversification of the economy, should be further engineered so as to encourage increased investment.

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF WORK MOTIVATIONAL FACTORS IN GERMAN AND POLISH MANUFACTURING COMPANIES

Author(s): Justyna Patalas-Maliszewska,Irene Krebs / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2017

Well-motivated employees engage more in their work activities. This article presents a comparative analysis of the importance of work motivational factors relevant to profiles of workers in a manufacturing company This study is based on data obtained from 85 Polish and German Manufacturing Companies from the cross-border cooperation region of Lubuskie/Poland-Brandenburg/Germany. This is followed by a discussion of the results of empirical studies and of the supporting literature.

A comparative study of male and female perceptions of service quality in fast food industry

Author(s): Ogunnaike Olaleke Oluseye / Language(s): English Issue: 10/2009

The development of technology has brought about sudden shift in the economy towards service economy. It becomes important therefore that marketers need to bring marketing principles, theories, and strategies to bear in this emerging economy if they must satisfy their customers profitably. The study makes use of SERVQUAL, a research instrument developed by Parasuraman, Zeithaml and Berry to measure the impact of customer expectations on the perceptions of service quality. Three hypotheses were put forward and tested. The first hypothesis was to determine whether there was any difference between customer expectations and perceptions of fast food service. Dependent t-test was used and it was discovered that there was no significant difference between the two parameters. The second hypothesis was to deter-mine whether there was difference between male and female expectations of service quality. Independent-test was employed and it was found that there was no significant difference between the two parameters.The third hypothesis of the study was to determine whether there was difference between male and female perceptions of service quality. An independent t-test was also used for this hypothesis and it was discovered that there was no significant difference between the two parameters measure.Based on the findings above some of the recommendations made were:1. It is important that Nigerian fast food restaurants established a strong presence in the cyber space by having a functional website.2. There is a need for the fast food operators to improve upon working conditions, including salaries paid to workers in the sector.

A Comparative Study of two Organisational Change-Models

Author(s): Daniela Brăduţanu / Language(s): English Issue: 01 (25)/2012

This paper aims to study the comparative patterns of change suggested by Price Waterhouse (1995) in their book “A better change: Best practices for transforming your organization” and John Kotter (1996), in his book “Leading change”. Price Waterhouse’s and Kotter’s change models are nearly identical in many aspects. In his book “Leading change”, Kotter appears to have much of the same perspective as Price Waterhouse when it comes to culture, organizational change in general and vision. However, Price Waterhouse takes an approach that requires nearly every person to be on board with the organization’s change program, whereas Kotter implies that the leader primarily focuses on stakeholders-

A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON IMMIGRANTS’ INTEGRATION POLICIES IN ROMANIA AND SWEDEN

Author(s): Alexandru Kis,Alin Kis / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2017

The immigration crisis in Europe has brought an intensive debate over EU nations’ shared responsibility toward integrating foreigners fleeing insecurity. In this context, Eastern EU countries have shown a lot of anxiety and reluctance to opening their societies to immigrants. The nature of this fear, beside the emerging threat of terrorism, is strongly linked to prejudices, and maybe to a chronic lack of know-how on integrating people without historical (or any other) ties with the host nation.This paper offers a comparative study between integration policies for immigrants in Sweden – a top ranking country in the Migrant Integration Policy Index (MIPEX) 2015 – and Romania, with the aim to determine areas to improve the latter’s approach toward this issue.

A Conceptual Discussion of Transformational Leadership and Intercultural Competence

Author(s): Franco Gandolfi / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2012

Transformational leadership has been defined as a process by which leaders and followers raise one another to higher levels of morality and motivation (Burns, 1978). This paper examines the concepts of transformational leadership and intercultural communication competence. A deeper insight is required in order to understand the effectiveness of transformational leadership in various cultural contexts (Migliore, 2011). It has been shown that national culture orientation and intercultural communication competence tend to impact both the leadership framework and transformational leadership dimensions. Further, various aspects of effective leadership and the choice of communication strategies diverge for different cultural contexts. This paper is based on Matveev and Lvina’s (2007) work and reviews various intercultural studies of leadership that expound culturally-oriented leadership models. While universal and particularistic leadership components are present, it has been shown that the leadership styles involving charismatic components contribute the most to the perception of what effective leadership style constitutes.

A contested foundation of European integration: The free movement of labour

Author(s): Beáta Farkas,Andor Máté,Tamás Rácz / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2022

Since the eastern enlargement of the European Union (EU), the movement from east to west has become the main driver of intra-EU mobility. Recently, the free movement of labour has been contested not only in the debates around Brexit, but also in other receiving countries. It is not on the political agenda, but several studies have highlighted the economic and demographic effects of massive emigration in eastern EU Member States. More recently, the COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the functioning of free movement. Economic integration theory assumes that migration continues until wages are equalized in the receiving and sending countries. This paper analyses the perception of intra-EU mobility in the literature and empirically tests whether there is a relationship between the dynamism of income growth in the receiving (Germany, Austria and Spain) and sending (Central and Eastern European) countries, and the dynamism of migration. The empirical results do not support the neoclassical assumption that an equalization mechanism can function, even in the long run. To cope with recent challenges, this paper argues that free movement should not be considered as an element of a spontaneous market mechanism, but as an economic-political product, based on a constitutional order.