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ČRIEPKY DIVADELNÉHO OBRAZU SÚČASNEJ SLOVENSKEJ DRAMATIKY (VYROVNAVANIE SA S MINULOST'OU)

Author(s): Dagmar Podmaková / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 02/2014

Ever since the latter half of the 20th century, drama text has undergone a number of changes. Since the 1990s, Slovak drama has been increasingly affected by contemporary Western drama and it has developed its own appearance. Since the beginning of the 21st century, all forms of its structure, content and scenic interpretative means have been for convenience referred to as “new drama“. At the beginning of this new path of the development of contemporary drama, some dramatists or authors of dramatised prose were inclined to work with a traditional building up of the drama text. Their focus was on characters either from the past or present through which they expressed their own views of the commonplaceness of our time. A number of them purposely broke the compactness of form and content and favoured film language with its rapidly sequenced events and thoughts. The new drama characters are heroes of our time, stripped bare of niceties, oftentimes acting against the backdrop of the older stories of individuals or historical time periods. Such is, for instance, the dramatisation of Rozner‘s prose Sedem dní do pohrebu (Seven Days to Funeral) or Klimáček’s plays about Gustáv Husák and the communist era. On the occasion of the 20th anniversary of the Velvet Revolution some drama texts build on an indirect contrast between hope for a change for the better and the current state of society. Three important strands of texts and their dramatisations have been introduced to Slovak theatre in recent theatre seasons. The first one is about coming to grips with the past by using a form of art documentary of a drama text (for instance, the texts on holocaust or on European history through the eyes of a globalising society, etc.) .

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HISTORICKÝ ZÁBER PUŠKINOVEJ „DIMITRIÁDY“ OD PANOVANIA VASILIJA II. PO TEMNÉ ČASY SMUTY

Author(s): Anna A. Hlaváčová / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 02/2014

My thesis is that, in his drama Boris Godunov, Pushkin did not work solely on the Time of Troubles, but having chosen events that happened around 1600 he opened up the older issues that shaped them. Namely this concerns the polarization that occurred after the Council of Florence (1439). Although this council confirmed cultural plurality and recognized both Latin and Byzantine ritual practices and wordings of the Creed as valid, it was rejected during the reign of Muscovite Grand Duke Basil II, the Blind.

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ANCHORING THE VERBAL IMAGE IN NOH AND SHAKESPEAREAN THEATRE

Author(s): Anna A. Hlaváčová / Language(s): English Issue: Special/2014

This paper investigates how verbal images are anchored in acting. It focuses on the concretisation of the actor’s imagination and the possibilities of relating the declamation and gestures to the stage disposition and the theatre’s location in the city. Two models are used – Noh and Shakespearean theatre.

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KONIEC DEJÍN A POSLEDNÁ INSCENÁCIA?

Author(s): Michal Babiak / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 02/2015

The text ponders the possibilities of seeking new theatrical interpretations through the prism of the “end of history” thesis, which has been brought to social discourse by Francis Fukuyama. The text points to the direct link between Fukuyama’s thesis and the ideological and philosophical premises of postmodernism: both concepts suggest the end of the program of modernist search (both for a new political arrangement and cultural paradigm). However, they pose a serious problem for new theatre performances because the act of staging is based on discovering new interpretations. What is theatre going to speak about if we have – hypothetically – already discovered all possible interpretations (as Fukuyama and the philosophy of postmodernism suggest)? If theatre is supposed to be a mirror of its time (Shakespeare), is its role only to witness this end, the end of the program of modernist search?

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FAIDRINA VZBURA

Author(s): Marcel Koman / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 02/2015

This article brings an interpretation of Enquist’s drama For Phaedra from a political and social point of view. It compares it to the previous dramas based on the myth of Phaedra and Hippolytus written by Euripides, Seneca, Racine, Zola and Kane. It argues that having lost social and internal values, characters of the drama feel useless, which leads to a revolt against the system. For a better understanding of the main thesis of the article the author relies on psychoanalytical explanations which Enquist used in his comments and remarks on the drama. The author focuses on the evolution and changes in society, especially increasing material wealth that leads to the alienation of man, which allowed a critical application of the myth onto our society and its problems. The drama displays Enquist’s social democratic political attitudes. The characters are mirrored in each other with the only exception: the character of Theseus represents a man and politician in one person who has abused his power. He changes history to what he wants it to be, and he considers his wife and the rest of the family as his property, not as human beings. Phaedra tries to seduce her son-in-law Hippolytus to revenge for Theseus’s behaviour. When Hippolytus dies and she commits suicide, the character of a cleaner appears. Theramenes and Aricia follow him to change the unjust political system.

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TRI PODOBY POVSTANIA V SLOVENSKEJ DRÁME 1945 – 1949: POVSTANIE AKO ROMANTICKÉ DOBRODRUŽSTVO, KULISA I MOST K BUDÚCNOSTI

Author(s): Veronika Svoradova / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 04/2015

The study focuses on dramatic texts inspired by the Slovak National Uprising which were written in 1945 – 1949, i.e. at a time when the theme of the Uprising was not subject to a politically motivated interpretation. The author briefly introduces individual titles (altogether six dramas), but she focuses primarily on the interpretation and analysis of plays by three authors: Ivan Stodola Básnik a Smrť (The Poet and Death, 1946), Leopold Lahola – Štyri strany sveta (The Four Sides of the World, 1947), Peter Karvaš – Bašta (The Bastion, 1948). She points to the problematic aspects of these plays, as well as to some features which distinguish them from plays by other playwrights writing about the Slovak National Uprising in this period (Rudolf Latečka-Repický, Ján Skalka, Viera Markovičová-Záturecká) and which can be in a sense considered interesting or original. The study also addresses the rise of “the period iconography of the Uprising”, i.e. a set of certain recurrent themes, motifs and methods which occur in works of art depicting the Slovak National Uprising from the period of 1945 – 1949, including film, visual arts and drama.

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ENGAGED NON-FICTION THEATRE AND A PLAYFUL FÉERIE IN TICHO A SPOL.

Author(s): Elena Knopová / Language(s): English Issue: Special/2015

The authoress maps out five years of the activity of Divadlo TICHO a spol. (Theatre Silence and Co.), which was started as an association of theatre practitioners. The paper describes a multi-level platform which includes a permanent theatre scene TICHO a spol., a platform of independent guest theatres, the theatre of handicapped creative professionals, songster and literary s cene and other visual and film activities, as well as organising public debates on important social issues. The paper also characterises the drama poetics of TICHO a spol., which its theatre professionals, under the guidance of the founder and dramaturge Viki Janoušková, refer to as “thinking theatre”. The paper contains analyses of five productions of TICHO a spol.

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ANCIENT DRAMA TODAY. ORESTEIA AND ITS STAGE FORMS

Author(s): Martina Borodovčakova / Language(s): English Issue: Special/2015

This study focuses on the most important stage productions of Aeschylus’ Oresteia of the 20th century. A special emphasis is given to the possibilities of reading the tragedy, in relation to politics and social climate. Based on selected productions the study also follows the evolution of various modern directing concepts and diverse approaches to staging ancient drama. Productions of Aeschylus’ Oresteia were often an integral part of significant changes in modern history and went beyond established ideas of how to read ancient drama.

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REKONŠTRUKCIA DIVADELNEJ INSCENÁCIE AKO VEDECKÁ I TVORIVÁ METÓDA Z POHĽADU PEDAGOGICKÉHO PROCESU V RÁMCI VÝUČBY DEJÍN SLOVENSKÉHO DIVADLA

Author(s): Zdenka Pašuthová / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 01/2016

This paper deals with the methodology and typology of theatre production reconstructions as a prerequisite for research and theatre-making. Based on selected theories, it defines boundaries and stages of production process. The role of the reconstruction of individual phases of production is illustrated by a seminar assignment in teacher training (reconstruction of the production of Pavel Kyrmezer´s Komedie česká o bohatci a Lazarovi [The Czech Comedy about a Money-bag and Lazarus], VŠMU 1964) and examples of the application of the reconstruction in Slovak theatre context: an archaeological reconstruction of production poetics (project Education Through Theatre – Antigona, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra 2011 – 2012) and an update on the basis of an archeologically reconstructed text (Hra o svätej Dorote [Play about St. Dorothy], Slovak National Theatre 2004). Based on examples from the history of Slovak theatre and work with classic texts (Ján Chalupka, Ján Palárik), a typology of approaches to drama texts is created, from the reconstruction to the meta-reconstruction and auto-reconstruction of a drama text.

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MEDZI HISTORICKÝM FAKTOM A ESTETICKOU IMAGINÁCIOU

Author(s): Miran Pukan / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 01/2016

Historical plays about the protagonists of the national revival in the 19th century arise from the literary and scholarly ambitions of the Slovak author, playwright, fiction writer, literature and theatre scholar Karol Horák. In basic features, the study characterizes and summarizes the poetological and aesthetic specifics, characteristics and dramatic character of Horák’s works, which focus on both the leaders of the Slovak national movement (Ľudovít Štúr and Jozef Miloslav Hurban) and other players in the events of this period (Jonáš Záborský, Samo Bohdan Hroboň, Janko Kráľ). In the context of Slovak drama the mentioned group of dramas can be read separately, but also as a dynamic historical developmental process of the authorial dramatic method. In the broader sense, they are historical plays, and in the narrower sense, they are unconventional biographical historical plays in which the author values facts and adds nuances, colours and individualizing features to them, which reflect the outer reality and acquire the status of drama essays.

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NAŠI NAŠI FURIANTI PETRA LÉBLA

NAŠI NAŠI FURIANTI PETRA LÉBLA

Author(s): Vít Pokorný / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 02/2016

This study draws on a doctoral thesis dealing with a series of postmodern productions of a Czech naturalist rural drama, which were put on the stage at the turn of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. In 1994 Petr Lébl, a prominent Czech postmodern director, undertook the direction of Ladislav Stroupežnický’s classic Czech realist drama Naši furianti [Our Swagerrers] from 1887. A distinct feature of Lébl’s directorial work is visual opulence. Also in this case, he packed the small stage of the Divadlo Na zábradlí theatre with dozens of actors and a large number of props, mixing elements of Czech, Spanish, Jewish and other national folklores in a pell-mell manner. In order to point out how devoid of any real substance national symbols are, he presented his characters in the style of Czech fairy tales – the just shoemaker Habršperk as a devil, the deceitful tailor Fiala as a water goblin and the brave army veteran Bláha as the Knight of Blaník. In addition, the role of the village teacher was performed by a black person, and a blind person played the part of a village scribe and law expert. Lébl thus took an ironic stance towards the tradition of realist staging of Stroupežnický’s drama by the National Theatre and indirectly commented on the chaos in values that had set in after the fall of the communist totalitarian rule in 1989 and with the onset of market economy practices, unrestrained by moral considerations, in Czech society.

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JÁN CIKKER A JEHO ANTIGONA

JÁN CIKKER A JEHO ANTIGONA

Author(s): Klára Škrobánková / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 02/2016

This study deals with the unfinished libretto Antigona [Antigone] by a Slovak composer Ján Cikker (1911–1989). In the libretto, Cikker adapts Sophocles’ tragedy, but he also adds some elements that one can identify as references to the politics of the period, typical for the late 1980s. By employing a comparative analysis of the source text and the libretto adaptation, the author describes methods used by Cikker to maintain the ideas of the original text and at the same time to emphasize the common features of the operatic genre. A libretto is perceived here as a fully-fledged text capable of its own independent existence, which can satisfy the audience both as a literary and dramatic text. In addition, Antigone is compared to the other operas by Ján Cikker in order to find the key features of the author’s work.

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SLOVENSKÁ KLASICKÁ DRÁMA A DIVADELNÁ RÉŽIA NA PRELOME TISÍCROČÍ

Author(s): Andrej Maťašík / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 03/2014

This paper analyses the relationship of Slovak dramatic theatre to Slovak drama classics between 1989 and 1994: a time of great social change. This paper analyses the issue by discussing the characteristics of the distinctive approaches adopted by notable figures in theatre production and examines the situation through “official” (i.e. publicly funded) theatre companies. This is done for three key reasons: (a) at the turn of the millennium, the institutional foundations of Slovak theatre still functioned on the basis of inertia, and independent theatres and agencies and ad hoc groupings of theatre makers (existing beyond the network of publicly funded theatres) were still only being established; (b) national classics were practically absent from the season programmes of independent theatre companies until the mid-1990s because until then these companies had presented themselves as “authorial theatres” and as theatres focusing on contemporary works; (c) a number of decentralizing administrative and organizational changes were initiated in the mid-1990s which resulted in the creation of a new model of organizing professional theatre, meaning that developments after 1995 deserve separate attention.

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ROSSINI OPERA FESTIVAL PESARO – OÁZA BELCANTA

Author(s): Michaela Mojžišová / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 03/2014

This article discusses the renowned Rossini Opera Festival, which has been performed annually since 1980 in the Italian city of Pesaro, the birthplace of Gioachino Rossini. The monothematic festival systematically focuses on the composer’s 39 operas. An exceptional aspect of the festival is the close interconnectedness between musicological research and its practical application in music and theatre. The greatest value of the festival is in the discovery of the maestro’s opera scores, the reconstruction of manuscripts based on sources from the period of Rossini’s life and in the performance of his operas, which have been cleansed of distortional additions to the interpretive tradition under the auspices of the Rossini Foundation. The ambition of the festival is to revive the operatic legacy of this composer. After its 35th year there only remains one work of Rossini’s to be performed at Pesaro, the operatic drama Edoardo e Cristina. Among other things, the performances of Rossini’s work at Pesaro can be summarized as correcting the simplified image of Rossini as a composer of comical operas. The Rossini Opera Festival is considered to be the greatest event in the calendar for bel canto vocal aesthetics, setting the trend and guarding the purity of this highly difficult vocal style. In addition to outlining the dramaturgical, interpretive and theatrical context of the festival, the article reflects upon the 35th staging of the festival, which took place from 10 to 24 August 2014.

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UKOTVENIE SLOVNÉHO OBRAZU V DIVADLE NÓ A U SHAKESPEARA

Author(s): Anna A. Hlaváčová / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 04/2014

The paper investigates how verbal images are anchored in acting behaviour. It focuses on the concretisation of actors’ imagination and the resulting possibilities of relating their declamation and gestures to the stage disposition and the theatre’s location in the city. Two models are used – Noh and the Elizabethan theatre.

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“The Sense of Death is Most in Apprehension” Law and Death in Augustine, Donne and Measure for Measure

“The Sense of Death is Most in Apprehension” Law and Death in Augustine, Donne and Measure for Measure

Author(s): Terry Reilly / Language(s): English Issue: 15/2024

Early modern English law recognised two forms of death that are mostly unfamiliar to modern culture – civiliten mortuus, a term in Civil Law to indicate that a criminal convicted of a capital crime was considered dead at the time of conviction, not when he was executed, and mortuus saeculo, referring to the form of “secular death” which occurred when a man or woman entered a religious order, such as a convent or monastery (Clarkson and Warren: 261). After developing legal and literary contexts about the contemporary discourse concerning death, using legal cases and selected works of Augustine and John Donne this paper examines representations of these legal definitions of death in Shakespeare’s play Measure for Measure.

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The Ambiguity of Milk: Lactation and Maternal Identity in Shakespeare’s Macbeth

The Ambiguity of Milk: Lactation and Maternal Identity in Shakespeare’s Macbeth

Author(s): Hanna Gęba / Language(s): English Issue: 15/2024

This article discusses the motif of lactation in William Shakespeare’s Macbeth. Breastfeeding was an ambiguous phenomenon for Shakespeare’s contemporaries – it meant both an absolute power over the nursing child and an act of self-sacrifice, often out of love. It is no coincidence that Lady Macbeth admits she “had given suck” and that in her monologue directed to “spirits” she asks them to “take her milk for gall” to do dark deeds. The article’s main methodological contexts are the medical knowledge and superstitions about breastfeeding in Early Modern England and sexual difference feminism as it is understood in the works of Elizabeth Grosz and Rosi Braidotti. The argument for such a combination is the non-dichotomic perception of the mind and body relationship in both Shakespeare’s times and these scholars’ theories. By closely examining the motif of lactation we can better understand how Shakespeare depicts motherhood and how he constructs maternal figures in the Scottish Tragedy.

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Czy milkną muzy, gdy grają armaty? Perspektywa antropologiczna w romansie Adam i Ewa Sergiusza Piaseckiego

Czy milkną muzy, gdy grają armaty? Perspektywa antropologiczna w romansie Adam i Ewa Sergiusza Piaseckiego

Author(s): Jakub Horbacz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 15/2024

The article is a reading of the work by Sergiusz Piasecki (1899–1964) Adam and Ewa by approaching love in confrontation with the system from an anthropological perspective. Piasecki’s tragic romance is subjected to a critical sketch in a research approach to the affective turn, placing in the center the feelings and emotions of the main characters, as well as the author of the text himself. Piasecki’s words become a determinant about two great loves – Adam’s for Eve and the author’s love for Vilnius and the Vilnius region. For the proper reception of the work, the chosen practice of close reading remains important – focused reading, emphasizing what is detailed, the elements of articulating love and describing the system, as well as specific parts of the work. The whole thing is an attempt at an answer to the question whether the muses fall silent when cannons play in understanding whether love ultimately kills war and the political system. The verification of the meanings hidden in the romance Adam i Ewa does not avoid confrontation with historical and philosophical contexts, thus building a colorful portrait of the Polish, especially Vilnius, socio-political situation in 1939 and the outbreak of World War II, at the intersection of feelings and the system.

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Aging professors: Reading transatlantic academic plays of the 1990s

Aging professors: Reading transatlantic academic plays of the 1990s

Author(s): Anna Gaidash / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2025

A comparative reading of Volodymyr Prat͡s’ovytyǐ ’s Ostanni͡a polemika profesora Dobrenka (The final polemic of professor Dobrenko, 1991) and Donald Margulies’s Collected Stories (1996) contributes to the understanding of the Ukrainian and US-American academic play of the 1990s. The chosen plays address the vulnerability of late adulthood, the close correlation of academia’s decline with the physical and emotional deterioration of older professors, references to the past, the complexities of memory, and power dynamics. If Prat͡s’ovytyǐ ’s drama engages with the essential theme of national identity within Ukrainian academia in the transitional period, Margulies’s text for the stage captures the intricate layers of personal memories and a problem of cultural appropriation. Both plays illuminate generational conflicts between younger and older scholars, emphasizing health struggles, emotional wounds, growing disillusionment, and the heavy responsibility the latter bear. The medical humanities framework is instrumental in reading aging professors’ unsettled relationships and the medicalization of narrative.

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«Жид Янкель»: три версии «оконченной драмы» Достоевского

«Жид Янкель»: три версии «оконченной драмы» Достоевского

Author(s): Vladimir Aleksandrovich Viktorovich / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3/2024

Only F. M. Dostoevsky’s brief message speaks about the completion of his play “Jew Yankel” in January 1844. The article formulates three hypotheses/assumptions about the content of the drama. The first correlates the writer’s idea with the literary tradition of portraying a Jewish moneylender, laid down by Shakespeare (“The Merchant of Venice”), Walter Scott (“Ivanhoe”), Pushkin (“The Miserly Knight”) and Gogol (“Taras Bulba”). The humanizing effect of V. Scott’s novel is emphasized. The second version associates Dostoevsky’s Yankel exclusively with the homonymous character from Gogol’s story, first published in 1835. It is proposed to take into account the author’s revision of the story for the 1842 edition, in which Yankel, in the process of building up the epic potential of the work, is endowed with a powerful vital resource and rises to the role of the antagonist of the title character. The third hypothesis refers to the trial of the Jews in the town of Velizh, who were accused of the ritual murder of a Christian child and acquitted many years later. Yankel Aronson died under investigation, which was conducted by inhumane methods. Evidence is provided to confirm that Russian society became aware of these events. The painful end of the Jewish youth could serve as a source of drama, structured with a focus on the writings that made a strong impression on Dostoevsky at that time: “The last day of a man sentenced to death” by V. Hugo and the melodrama “Ugolino” by N. Polevoy. All three versions confirm that pity was not only one of young writer’s motives, but also the ontological basis of his creative universe. The scientific significance of each of the proposed hypotheses also lies in the fact that their deployment allows to expand the understanding of the potential sources of the writer’s work, to reveal an unknown or little-known historical and cultural context of his early, least studied period.

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