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Martin Crimp’s “The City”: Insecurities of modern speech

Martin Crimp’s “The City”: Insecurities of modern speech

Author(s): Dilek İnan / Language(s): English Issue: 6/2012

Stage language was reinvented by Samuel Beckett and Harold Pinter in England, in the second half of the 20th century. It is no longer based on the Aristotelian mimesis. Beckett and Pinter’s works have had direct influence on the 21st century tradition of new playwrights, one of whom is Martin Crimp. While Crimp explores a symbolic and absurdist landscape of cruel relationships, he also depicts current problems such as materialism, unemployment, marital aggression, mental illness, and loneliness in the British urban society. Crimp considers theatre an appropriate means to express this urban depression by employing fluid speech in which there are frequent interruptions and repetitions and where the lines overlap and the thoughts pile up in hesitations. He illustrates anxiety and fear of contact. This paper analyses the power of the stage language in Crimp’s 2008 play The City, which represents the chaos of postmodern reality within a space-time collage. The play problematises and challenges Britain’s text-based theatre culture and English naturalism.

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Criticism of Colonialism in George Bernard Shaw’s Play “John Bull’s Other Island”

Criticism of Colonialism in George Bernard Shaw’s Play “John Bull’s Other Island”

Author(s): Biljana R. Vlašković Ilić / Language(s): English Issue: 5/2012

Conveniently titled after a cartoon character, George Bernard Shaw’s play John Bull’s Other Island sneers at the legacy of colonialism, intolerance, and paternalism. This paper analyzes Mr. Shaw’s attempt to ‘reconcile’ England and Ireland in order to achieve synthesis between the colonizer and the colonized. It also answers whether it is possible to overcome the hostility caused by colonialism, and whether humanity can avoid and disregard the most important feature of colonial discourse Homi Bhabha wrote about: namely, “its dependence on the concept of ‘fixity’ in the ideological construction of otherness”. Finally, the reading of John Bull’s Other Island as the sovereign critique of colonialism exposes G. B. Shaw’s practical artistic solutions to stifling the symbolic and cultural violence, which continues long after the colonizers have granted the colony the right to Home Rule.

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Tea first. Then war! - Alan Ayckbourn‘s Neighbourhood Watch (2011): A reflection on Great Britain‘s 21st century internal security policy and its citizens‘ need for safety?

Tea first. Then war! - Alan Ayckbourn‘s Neighbourhood Watch (2011): A reflection on Great Britain‘s 21st century internal security policy and its citizens‘ need for safety?

Author(s): Maria Wiegel / Language(s): English Issue: 7/2017

In a time when terrorism has become a regular topic in newspapers and on television, security appears as a recent and urgent issue. CCTV cameras and surveillance operate in a great part of western public space and life. This article focuses on the ways in which the radicalized internal security policy of the Bluebell Hill Development, in Alan Ayckbourn‘s play Neighbourhood Watch (2011), reflects on Great Britain‘s security policy and society’s need for safety and security throughout the early 21st century. Security policy is one of the main issues in the western countries of the late 20th and the early 21st century. The paradox of using surveillance - a restriction of freedom - for the protection of freedom can be seen in Neighbourhood Watch. The result of contradictory security measures, as argued in this article, leads to paranoia. Neighbourhood Watch functions as a mirror to present-day Great Britain‘s security measures, while using the microcosm of a small neighbourhood.

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“Turn back if possible!” On Fears Related to the “End” and Hopes for a “Continuation” in Plays by Jarosław Jakubowski
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“Turn back if possible!” On Fears Related to the “End” and Hopes for a “Continuation” in Plays by Jarosław Jakubowski

Author(s): Joanna Michalczuk / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2019

The article comprises an analysis of selected plays by Jarosław Jakubowski, one of the most interesting Polish playwrights of the recent years. The analyzed plays were published in two collections of, respectively, 2014 and 2017. Jakubowski’s works address the questions of the foundation of the humanity and of the actual meaning of a human life. In his plays, he unveils the consequences of the cultural transformations of modernity. His special focus is the results of the erosion of traditional values (shaped within the Judeo-Christian culture) and he investigates in particular the implications of replacing them with ones that are merely contingent and short-term. Among others, he issues a warning against the destructive tendency to rid the area of public discourse of the spiritual element. His plays are literary exemplifications of the prevalence of anthropological reductionism in the ideational realm, triggered by modern day philosophy. The insights into the social reality of today he offers describe the process of the gradual passing of what is ‘human’ in our world and are contrasted with the popular view that humankind has power and dominion over everything. Jakubowski’s futurological dramas make use of catastrophic and postapocalyptic motifs, which he turns into metaphors. The quotations used in the title of this article come from the play entitled “Kosmonauci” [The Astronauts], in which a severely damaged spaceship with its crew on board drifting in the space becomes a metaphor of the postmodern world. In the wobbly reality that leads to nowhere, Jakubowski’s protagonists long for a stable and certain element in their lives and start an unequal fight so as to save both their lives and their humanity. Although the disaster seems unavoidable, Jakubowski leaves his readers with a hope for a “continuation” which is far from naive optimism. It is a hope for the return of what has been rejected and rendered no longer valid by the modern world: the spiritual dimension of human existence and a stable value hierarchy which can become a reliable foundation of human relations.

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Joachim Wittstocks Erzählung Hades und ihre szenische Umsetzung als Carpatesca cum figuris

Joachim Wittstocks Erzählung Hades und ihre szenische Umsetzung als Carpatesca cum figuris

Author(s): Carmen Elisabeth Puchianu / Language(s): German Issue: 20/2020

Die wiederholte Beschäftigung mit Erzähltexten von Joachim Wittstock einerseits und andererseits mit dem performativen Charakter des Schreibens veranlasste uns im Rahmen der studentischen Theater AG (Die GRUPPE) ein komplexes Bühnenprojekt ins Auge zu fassen, szenisch umzusetzen und dreimal auf¬zuführen. Es handelt sich um die Aufarbeitung der Erzählung Hades in Form einer szenischen Lesung mit performativer Darstellung der Handlung in Verbindung mit dem Einsatz intermedialer Ausdrucksmittel. Der folgende Artikel fasst die wichtigsten Aspekte der Arbeit an dem Projekt zusammen und erläutert den Transformationsprozess vom epischen Text zur Bühnenperformance.

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Between Karel Čapek and a Hard Brexit. Reflections on Robotics and Humanity
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Between Karel Čapek and a Hard Brexit. Reflections on Robotics and Humanity

Author(s): Derek Sayer / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2018

Karel Čapek introduced the word robot to the languages of the world in his drama R.U.R. (Rossum’s Universal Robots), which premiered on 25 January 1921 at the National Theater in Prague. The word itself was coined by Karel’s older brother Josef, a cubist painter who created the stage-sets for the play. Etymology indelibly links robots with unfree labor, since robot comes from robota, the Czech word for the labor services Bohemian peasants owed their lords until 1848, when servile tenancies were abolished. A robot, according to the Oxford English Dictionary, is “a machine with a human appearance or functioning like a human,” but the term has also come to be used inversely, to describe “a person who works mechanically and efficiently but insensitively.” [...]

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The Power of the Powerless Revisited
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The Power of the Powerless Revisited

Author(s): Paul Wilson / Language(s): English Issue: 02/2018

This essay explores the paradoxical relationship between Václav Havel’s dramas and his essays, in particular, The Power of the Powerless. Havel’s plays aimed at creating a new community awareness of the “post-totalitarian” system in which people were trapped. His essays employ similar dramatic and analytic techniques to show a way out of that trap by “living within the truth,” that is, living in a way that exposes the mendacity of “post-totalitarianism” and spreads the virus of truth and change throughout society. The present essay argues that the ultimate aim of the “existential revolution” Havel calls for is in fact the regeneration and strengthening of civil society and the creation of institutions that serve people, not power. It concludes by looking at the continuing relevance of The Power of the Powerless today.

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From Euphemisms to Vulgarisms

From Euphemisms to Vulgarisms

Author(s): Grzegorz Cebrat / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

The paper investigates the issue how Polish translators of William Shakespeare’s King Lear dealt with rendering Lear’s monologue (Act IV, Scene 6, ll. 107-132), being a misogynistic tirade of the mad king against adultery, sexuality, and women in general. The play was translated into Polish at least fifteen times in the 19th and 20th centuries, beginning with the oldest published rendition by Ignacy Hołowiński (1841) and concluding with the most recent one by Jerzy S. Sito (2001). The paper analyses seven selected fragments taking into consideration lexical and stylistic choices made by the translators of the monologue in order to show how changing attitudes to sexual taboo and Shakespearean obscenities affected the translations in question. The analysis reveals the evolution of translators’ attitudes to those issues (also affected by contemporary Shakespearean research): from euphemistic treatment of the topic in the 19th century, through philological translations of Tarnawski and Chwalewik, to unrestricted modern renditions of Słomczyński and Barańczak, and the extreme case of straightforward obscene translation of Jerzy S. Sito. Artykuł jest próbą analizy technik i metod zastosowanych przez tłumaczy w trakcie przekładu wyrazów i wyrażeń obscenicznych występujących w tragedii Williama Shakespeare’a Król Lear na język polski. Analiza skupia się na tłumaczeniach monologu szalonego króla (Akt IV, scena 6, wersy 107-132), który jawi się jako mizoginistyczny atak na kobiety, seksualność, oraz cudzołóstwo. Materiał tekstowy stanowi 15 przekładów sztuki, począwszy od najstarszego tłumaczenia, dokonanego przez Ignacego Hołowińskiego i opublikowanego w 1841 roku, a skończywszy na wersji Jerzego S. Sity z roku 2001. Artykuł analizuje wybrane zdania i jednostki leksykalne, pochodzące z siedmiu fragmentów monologu, pod kątem technik i strategii tłumaczeniowych zastosowanych przez poszczególnych tłumaczy przy przekładaniu pojęć uważanych za nieprzyzwoite, a dotyczących kobiecego ciała, seksu, rozpusty, cudzołóstwa, itp. Przeprowadzona analiza wykazuje ewolucję sposobów przekładu, związanych z epoką w której polski tekst powstał i jej uwarunkowaniami kulturowo-społecznymi, a także z rozwojem badań nad twórczością i językiem Shakespeare’a, i pozwala śledzić zmiany, począwszy od eufemistycznego stylu tłumaczeń powstałych w XIX. wieku, poprzez filologiczne tłumaczenia Tarnawskiego i Chwalewika, a skończywszy na współczesnych, miejscami ‘niecenzuralnych,’ tekstach Słomczyńskigo, Barańczaka, a zwłaszcza Sity, który nie zawahał się użyć wulgaryzmów.

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Editorial Foreword

Editorial Foreword

Author(s): Silviu-Marian Miloiu / Language(s): English,Romanian Issue: 2/2020

The second issue of volume 12 of The Romanian Journal for Baltic and Nordic Studies continues to reflect the academic discussions occasioned by the Eleventh Conference on Baltic and Nordic Studies of May 2020. Prof. Radu Carp was one of the keynote speakers of the conference and his address on Combining soft power with the geopolitical approach - how difficult is it for the EU to change its attitude? elicited a great interest among the presenters and attenders of the scientific event. As in any such scholarly event, especially an international gathering with a critical focus on the construction/reconstruction of Europe in vital moments of its past and recent past aspirations, the viewpoints of the participants, including the analysis of Prof. Carp on the current challenges of the EU are passed on to the wider community of fellow researchers, the public and decision-makers. The call for stepping up to a new level of integration and geopolitical power projection is dissected both in its soft and hard power dimension without eschewing the focus on democracy, climate change mitigation measures or cybersecurity.

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Madagaskar – o nienapisanym dramacie Bogdana Wojdowskiego
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Madagaskar – o nienapisanym dramacie Bogdana Wojdowskiego

Author(s): Alina Molisak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2020

Molisak describes surviving passages from the play Madagaskar [Madagascar] written by Bogdan Wojdowski in the sixties. The playwright intended to create a work on the existential situation in the Warsaw Ghetto after most Jews had been deported to the Treblinka camp.

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Looking for Lear in Dennis Kelly’s The Gods Weep

Looking for Lear in Dennis Kelly’s The Gods Weep

Author(s): Maciej Wieczorek / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2015

First staged by the Royal Shakespeare Company in 2010, Dennis Kelly’s The Gods Weep is an attempt to update the well-known story of King Lear to contemporary times. It focuses on Colm, an aging CEO who decides to divide his company evenly between two of his employees at the price of his only son’s share, a decision that results in escalating a bloody conflict that tears apart the business empire. Despite featuring an all-star cast and having the full support of the RSC, The Gods Weep received mixed to wholly negative reviews and was criticized for being chaotic, lengthy and not faithful enough to the masterpiece of the Bard. The present article addresses the problems raised by the critics and attempts to demonstrate that their responses were largely misguided, as most of them failed to recognize the full complexity of what they were dealing with. Thus the paper first shows that Kelly’s play is not merely a response to King Lear but, rather, a bricolage that recycles Akira Kurosawa’s Ran and Sarah Kane’s Blasted as well as a number of other works. The article then suggests that The Gods Weep is not an adaptation but an appropriation, as it shifts the political thrust of the hypotext and bears a mark of Kelly’s in-yer-face sensibility. Finally, the contribution argues that, given the range of sources that are being recycled, the play should not be viewed as an appropriation of a single text. Building on the concept of the “work” as formulated in Margaret Jane Kidnie’s Shakespeare and the Problem of Adaptation, I suggest that The Gods Weep should be viewed in the context of all texts which may be subsumed under what I call the “Lear type.”

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Люди искусства, образования и науки в драматургии Виктора Розова

Люди искусства, образования и науки в драматургии Виктора Розова

Author(s): Alexei Vyacheslavovich Zyablikov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 4/2020

The article analyzes the problems of dramatic works by V. S. Rozov, reveals the underlying ideological, social and moral conflicts. The main one is the clash of youthful impulse to truth, human dignity and beauty and a false world of imaginary values, the interpreters and advocates of which are often people who are endowed with ranks, academic degrees, social status and professional right to influence the minds and tastes of the younger generation. The article characterizes literary characters, acting as carriers of various life ideas. It reveals the reasons for the writer’s ambiguous assessment of people of arts, education and science. The playwright’s position is revealed in the context of discussions about the social mission of the intelligentsia, its special responsibility and duties. Generation gap is viewed in the context of social processes characterized by the deformation of value priorities and affecting the mood of the youth. It is stated that the protest mood of the young generation is directly proportional to the measure of lies, evil and injustice that characterizes the state of mind and soul of adults. The conclusion is drawn that V. S. Rozov, as a researcher of the generational gap, continues and develops the traditions of Russian classical literature.

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DAS ENDE EINES „GOLDENEN TRAUMES“ UND DAS
VERLORENE PARADIESGÄRTLEIN IN DÖBLING.
ANNÄHERUNGEN AN FERDINAND VON SAARS
NOVELLE DER „EXZELLENZHERR“

DAS ENDE EINES „GOLDENEN TRAUMES“ UND DAS VERLORENE PARADIESGÄRTLEIN IN DÖBLING. ANNÄHERUNGEN AN FERDINAND VON SAARS NOVELLE DER „EXZELLENZHERR“

Author(s): Margarete Wagner / Language(s): German Issue: 1/2020

Ferdinand von Saar's novella Der „Exzellenzherr“ is a very compact text, depicting thecomplexity of the culture and history of the Austrian-Hungarian monarchy during the 19thcentury. This text hints to ancient myths and uses onomastic symbols from the Bible to showhow the idealistic visions of the protagonist, his „golden dream“ and his „paradise garden“ breakdown under the historical reality. Indirectly the novella also depicts the final period of theAustrian-Hungarian Empire. Although apparently it deals with love and marriage, the realintention of the novella is to depict the ethical and cultural history of the Austrian-Hungarianmonarchy.

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Od melologu do melodramatu i dalej, czyli historia wątpliwej tożsamości

Od melologu do melodramatu i dalej, czyli historia wątpliwej tożsamości

Author(s): Iwona Puchalska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 11/2020

The term “melologo”, used sporadically in modern language and treated as an Italian synonym for melodrama, was in its genesis associated with the beginnings of melodramma, although it had a distinct genre and stylistic distinctiveness. The aim of the article is to make this term more precise and to discuss examples of related artistic realizations. The confrontation of the notions of melodrama and melolog in a historical and genological perspective, their etymological and linguistic revision, as well as a comparison of artistic works that represent them allow for the specification of the determinants of the eighteenth-century melodrama and for the identification of specific genre features of the melolog, which – under different names – was practiced throughout the nineteenth century and the twentieth century.

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Pomiędzy opowieścią erotyczną a przeżyciem lirycznym, czyli o melodramatyzmie dzieła Longosa pt. Dafnis i Chloe (II w. n.e.)

Pomiędzy opowieścią erotyczną a przeżyciem lirycznym, czyli o melodramatyzmie dzieła Longosa pt. Dafnis i Chloe (II w. n.e.)

Author(s): Beata Gaj / Language(s): Polish Issue: 11/2020

The article deals with the unique features of the only surviving 2nd century CE. work by Longos, i.e. stories about the love of a shepherd couple, Dafnis and Chloe. The work shows the traits both of the ancient narrative, the short story, the bucolic, and the romance as well as follows the main assumptions of an ancient choreia. However, on closer examination, it turns out that the work carries only single features – like single genes – of these literary genres. Put together, as Dafnis and Chloe, these genres work towards producing a new value, one that is the closest to the category of melodrama, the latter itself a hybrid composition.

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Bewegte Körper, starre Körper. Ver-körperungen auf dem Theater am Beispiel einiger Inszenierungen

Bewegte Körper, starre Körper. Ver-körperungen auf dem Theater am Beispiel einiger Inszenierungen

Author(s): Carmen Elisabeth Puchianu / Language(s): German Issue: 21/2021

Theater ist undenkbar ohne Körper, ganz gleich, ob es sich um die lebendigen Körper der agierenden Schauspieler, um jene der Zuschauer im Theatersaal oder um leblose Dinge auf und außerhalb der Bühne handelt. Körper müssen im Theater immer miteinander interagieren, sie müssen in Bewegung und in Stillstand versetzt werden, sie müssen sich bewegen, sie müssen bewegt werden und sie müssen am Ende bewegen. Die folgenden Aufführungsanalysen veranschaulichen diesen theaterspezifischen Vorgang aus theaterwissenschaftlicher und -praktischer Perspektive anhand einiger Beispiele und sie fokussieren auf Körper in Behältnissen, auf Körper als regungslose Blöcke und als Marionetten, auf Text-Körper.

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Measuring the Unmeasurable: A Tridimensional Gender Comparison Between Measure for Measure,
Two Renaissance Plays and their Common Source

Measuring the Unmeasurable: A Tridimensional Gender Comparison Between Measure for Measure, Two Renaissance Plays and their Common Source

Author(s): Patricia Nedelea / Language(s): English Issue: 9/2020

This article offers a tridimensional gender comparison between Shakespeare’s Measure for Measure (1604) and two other plays having the same Hecatommithi (1565) plot: Cinthio’s Italian Renaissance play Epitia (1583) and Whetstone’s Elisabethan play Promos and Cassandra (1578). Both plays were inspired by Cinthio’s Hecatommithi novella (Story 5 from Day 8) before Shakespeare wrote Measure for Measure, so that the Bard’s use of the proto-feminist spirit from the novella and the two subsequent dramatizations can be comparatively analysed. The second part of my article offers a further analysis of Measure for Measure, suggesting that it still can be seen as a proto-feminist drama, even if without a happy-ending, from a gender perspective.

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Time and Space - The Chairs by Eugene Ionesco

Time and Space - The Chairs by Eugene Ionesco

Author(s): Andra-Miruna Pantea-Radu / Language(s): English Issue: 9/2020

The article presents the relationship between time and space in the context of Eugène Ionesco`s play The Chairs. This relationship is presented from the perspective of the director which analyzes the stage directions regarding time and space. In the absurd context of the play, the article clarifies Ionesco`s point of view regarding the world he has created. It analyzes the light as a theme (as the Emperor enters the stage) and the circular space of isolation in which the carachters are trapped.

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Thomas Bernhard: Der Theatermacher

Thomas Bernhard: Der Theatermacher

Author(s): Karin Bianca Asultani-Hansmann / Language(s): German Issue: 9/2020

This study focuses on the playwright Thomas Bernhard as a genuine creator of modern theatre starting from his play Der Theatermacher / The Histrionic, a controversial play issuing political and social aspects. Discussing the distinctive features and themes of this play, I will point out why Thomas Bernhard can either be liked or disliked by critics or the audience. Further a short comparison will be made with other classical plays, themes and motives, as well as underlying the condition of the performer on stage.

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Eine erste wissenschaftliche Darstellung des Internationalen Theaterfestivals aus Hermannstadt

Eine erste wissenschaftliche Darstellung des Internationalen Theaterfestivals aus Hermannstadt

Author(s): Christine Dancso / Language(s): German Issue: 9/2020

The review describes the publication of Alina Mazilu concerning the role of the International Theatre Festival from Sibiu in promoting the contemporary dramaturgy.

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