Aated ja stiiliotsingud: ekspressionism 1920. aastate eesti teatris

Author(s): Luule Epner / Language(s): Estonian / Issue: 17/2015

In Estonian theatre, the experience of World War I found expression somewhat belatedly, in the early 1920s, when Expresssionist plays, mainly by contemporary German playwrights – Ernst Toller,Walter Hasenclever, Georg Kaiser et al – were staged in the Estonia Theatre, in the Drama Theatre and in the amateur Hommikteater (Morning Theatre, 1921–1924). The article examines the most significant Expressionist stage productions, focusing on the relations between their ideological, affective and stylistic dimensions. Critical and audience receptions of Expressionist plays are discussed as well.In the Estonia Theatre, a group of young actors and directors(Ants Lauter, Erna Villmer, et al) sought to innovate theatrical language by making use of new, Expressionist devices. In contrast, the amateur Hommikteater (led by August Bachmann and Nigol Andresen)placed emphasis on spreading the ideals of new humanity and social justice, which reflected the left-wing sympathies of the troupe , but their work was also distinguished by an inventive style and a strong emotional impact on audiences. The members of the literary group Tarapita (who promoted Expressionism themselves)enthusiastically supported Hommikteater. This little theatre became highly influential in the process of theatre innovation, despite its very small audiences.However, the key ideas and ideals of postwar Expressionism (including a strong anti-war pathos) had rather little effect on Estonian theatre in general. Expressionism mainly contributed to the widening of the stylistic palette of Estonian theatrical art. This can be partly explained by the social situation of the 1920s: victory in the War of Independence and the subsequent building of the independent Estonian state raised nationalist spirits and made people less sensitive to the destructive experiences of World War I as reflected in postwar German Expressionism.

Analysing Dangerous Emotions: Pragmatics of Jealousy in Othello’s Speech

Author(s): Alina Ielisieieva / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2017

To achieve its cathartic effect tragedy must communicate and elicit emotions. Any dramatic utterance, treated as an act of communication within the represented world, rests on the interaction of two inseparable, accordant, and interrelated systems – language and emotions. Language can name and verbalize emotions in order to construct them in the dramatic world, but to create a linguistic image of a believable emotional utterance the language a character speaks must appear to be infl uenced and shaped by emotions. Further, that mimetic representation of emotion through language must be understood by the audience. To achieve this, dramatic language must either rely on conventional linguistic means used to express emotions or create its own code that will be decoded by the audience. The audience will vicariously experience the characters’ emotions by recognizing them in their language and actions. The emotionally dynamic image of Othello, one of the most passionate men of Elizabethan drama, is created primarily by the language he uses. To follow the changes in the syntax and the semantics of his language as the action of the play develops is to observe the transformation of the character from a loving and caring husband into a jealous beast that knows no mercy. The article will offer an analysis of the pragmalinguistic representation of jealousy in Othello’s language and show how his discourse changes in the text. The analysis will rely on basic pragmatic categories and consider Othello’s use of directives, assertives, expressives, etc. The emotional change in Othello will also be illustrated by a brief study of the change in his syntax and his vocabulary: from balanced rhetorics and sophisticated words to erratic speech and expletive swearwords.

ANCHORING THE VERBAL IMAGE IN NOH AND SHAKESPEAREAN THEATRE

Author(s): Anna A. Hlavácová / Language(s): English / Issue: Special/2014

This paper investigates how verbal images are anchored in acting. It focuses on the concretisation of the actor’s imagination and the possibilities of relating the declamation and gestures to the stage disposition and the theatre’s location in the city. Two models are used – Noh and Shakespearean theatre.

ANCIENT DRAMA TODAY. ORESTEIA AND ITS STAGE FORMS

Author(s): Martina Borodovcakova / Language(s): English / Issue: Special/2015

This study focuses on the most important stage productions of Aeschylus’ Oresteia of the 20th century. A special emphasis is given to the possibilities of reading the tragedy, in relation to politics and social climate. Based on selected productions the study also follows the evolution of various modern directing concepts and diverse approaches to staging ancient drama. Productions of Aeschylus’ Oresteia were often an integral part of significant changes in modern history and went beyond established ideas of how to read ancient drama.

Autor i kulisy – przypadek Pawła Demirskiego

Author(s): Pawel Stangret / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 4/2017

Stangret examines the dramatic work of Paweł Demirski by juxtaposing his strictly literary output with the work he did on the project Szybki Teatr Miejski [The Fast City Theatre]. The main problem is the creation of the authorial subject within specifically artistic communication. Treated hypertextually, the literary work, which is linked to autocommentary and the uncovering of the author’s perspective, causes the author himself to become the text in which the above-mentioned elements come together. Stangret sheds light on the communication strategies of this particular kind of text. The main means of communicating “oneself as a text” is the intimation of transgressing the speaking element for the sake of immediate expression. The artist creates himself as an author writing a text whose meaning is largely based on action beyond the work. Another element is the strategy of provocation whose main factor is the speed of transmission. Stangret shows the ways in which the poetics of Demirski’s plays can be inscribed in modern media communication.

Bábszínház

Author(s): Áron Köto / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 11/2015

Benjamin u Moskvi

Author(s): Branko Vucicevic / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 86.32/2016

Biedni emigranci patrzą na getto. O Smoczej 13 Stefanii Zahorskiej

Author(s): Jakub Osinski / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 3/2018

Having outlined the genesis and publication history of Stefania Zahorska’s play Dragon Street 13 (1944), Osiński interprets the text in the context of various historical events – the Grossaktion Warschau, the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising and the attitude of Polish exiled war veterans towards the Holocaust. Scholarship on the play is discussed in the light of recent finding and of reviews of Dragon Street 13 in the émigré press. Thus Osiński reveals the documentary value of Zahorska’s text as well as her original contribution to Polish émigré literature.

Bir Siberdrama Biçimi Olarak Dijital Oyun: ‘Alice Harikalar Diyarında’ Örneği

Author(s): Özge Baydas Sayilgan / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 72/2012

As a product of cultural industry, digital games taking place more and more in daily life activities and with its dramatic potential, being subject to theoretical discussions shaped by the researches from different scientific disciplines during 90’s, are accepted as the new storytellers of ‘new media’ which come forward with its interactive quality. Looking at digital games from a ‘narrative’ perspective, J. Murray(1997)’s ‘cyberdrama’ and M. Mateas’ (2004) ‘interactive drama poetics’ concepts, evokes ‘interactive drama’ definition shaped by technological possibilities of cyberspace. Within the scope of this research, it’s aimed to follow the formal transformation to cyberdrama of a selected story presented in reading, watching and playing activities both in historical process and today. As the sample determined within this research, the novel ‘Alice in Wonderland’ (Carroll, 1865), and its cinema and digital game adaptations’ (Burton, 2010; McGee, 2011) narrative structures are analysed. The study’s main problematic is to question the transformation of ‘narrative’ (epic) structure to the ‘representative’ (dramatic) structure on film screen and to cyberdramatical structure on game screen with its interactive images and story. To question if the digital game text, calling continuously the user activity, is bringing or not a contextual changing in the basic story’s coming to prominence for this research. In this context, archetypal character and plot structures and dramatic structure components are used as notions referenced for narrative analysis and comparison of the adapted texts.

Bizantyjskie „Zapevi” Współczesnego Teatru Bułgarskiego. Teksty, Konteksty, Figury

Author(s): Galia Simeonowa-Konach / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 3/2017

The article is dedicated to the problems of historical drama, one of the ways of interpreting the past. The study is placed in the context of the sociology of culture and the historical memory of society, with a focus on the transposition and the symbolical representation of the history of Byzantium and the Second Bulgarian Kingdom (1181–1396) in literature. The subject of the analysis are the works of the Bulgarian poet and playwright Radko Radkov (1940–2009), above all his play Theophano, written in the convention of classical drama in verse and the so-called ritual drama, according to the title of the author, a synthesis of text borrowed from Old Bulgarian Literature, and Byzantine hymnography, inspired visually by the images of the Middle Age Miniatures included in Manassij’s Chronicle (Codex Vaticanus Slav II) – Praise of Turnovgrad and In Praise of the Word. The historical theme in the work of Radko Radkov is substantially different from the interpretation of the Bulgarian history of other Bulgarian writers of the second half of the 20th Century, by which the author is opposing the ideological constructs of the official authorities during this period. Within the discourse of the relations between creator and authorities, attention is paid to some events surrounding the 1300 anniversary of the creation of the Bulgarian state (celebrated in 1981), when, thanks to the benevolence of Lyudmila Zhivkova and the open culture policy that she, as Chairperson of the Committee of Arts and Culture, had introduced, the plays of Radko Radkov were allowed to be staged in the theatres. The playwright has found semiotic and stylistic devices that recreate the classical past of the people, the orthodox Christianity and culture in the universal perspective of the Byzantine Commonwealth, and artistically voice his historiosophic views concerning Bulgarian national history and the Byzantine-Bulgarian cultural community. The paper analyses the tribulations of the performance of Theophano, staged in Bulgaria by the French Director Pierre Della Torre, who sees in the poetic world of Radko Radkov “the monumental force of the masters of French theatre, Racine and Corneille”.

Cervantes-Platz oder Platz der Sklaven

Author(s): Predrag Lucic / Language(s): German / Issue: 1-2/2018

Audio play: "Cervantes-Platz oder Platz der Sklaven" (Cervantes Square or Square of Slaves) written by Predrag Lucić

Challenges and Rewards of Surtitling as an Audiovisual Translation Mode: A Case Study of the Contemporary Opera Have a Good Day!

Author(s): Lina Abraitiene,Indre Koveriene,Jurate Urboniene / Language(s): English / Issue: 26/2015

The goal of surtitling as a mode of audiovisual translation (AVT) is to help the opera-goers to overcome language barriers faced in opera production. Modern technologies have made opera production more audience-friendly introducing new languages and works in opera houses worldwide. However, this relatively new field of research has not been investigated in Lithuania. Hence, this study aims at the analysis of surtitling as a new field of research highlighting technical and translation issues as well as complexity and obstacles that are encountered when producing this kind of translation. Even though subtitling and surtitling hold a number of similarities as two modes of language transfer when translating different types of audiovisual media, there are differences in their production process likewise technical difficulties to be dealt with. As illustration of multiple nature of opera surtitling, a contemporary opera performance Have a Good Day! is chosen. The modern opera, revealing inner lives, secret thoughts and wishes of cashiers in a shopping centre, includes a number of culture-specific items that are grouped according to Davies’s classification of translation strategies. Not only culture-specific items are studied, but also particular means like entries for different parts of chorus and vocal lines that interlace at the same time preserving syllabic number and rhyme pattern in libretto translation are thoroughly considered in the research.

Communication and “Theatralization” of the Italian Crisis in the Dialectic Between Dario Fo, Beppe Grillo and Gianroberto Casaleggio

Author(s): Armando Rotondi / Language(s): English / Issue: 10/2017

In the last 20 years, during berlusconismo period, a new form of politics and new reality of the “MoVimento 5 Stelle”, created by Beppe Grillo and Gianroberto Casaleggio (1954-2016), have risen in Italy, reaching an essential role after the 2013 election. Aim of this paper is to show how, with Grillo’s activities, the teatro della politica has become a teatro della crisi in the use of a theatrical language and contemporary dramatic expression. From a theatrical perspective, Nobel laureate Dario Fo (1926-2016) has become a noble father of the movement. Following Fo’s sample, Grillo, entertainer and activist, has theatralized the crisis with one-man shows and theatre happenings, where the performance was essential. The dialectic between Fo and the two founders of the movement is developed in the book Il Grillo canta sempre al tramonto, constructed as a theatrical play where the chapters are similar to acts, the subchapters to scenes.

Das Wartezimmer

Author(s): Marina Vujcic / Language(s): German / Issue: 1-2/2016

Drama by Marina Vujčić

Daugybingumo formos šiuolaikiniame Lietuvos teatre: postmoderni reprezentacija ar modernios tradicijos tęsinys?

Author(s): Jurgita Staniškyte / Language(s): Lithuanian / Issue: 2/2011

The article examines new forms of representation in the contemporary Lithuanian theatre as well as their correlation with the modern representation. One of the themes of analysis is different character of the relations with the past in a modern and postmodern artistic framework. Quite often the creators of the post-soviet Lithuanian theatre use pre-existing cultural templates – myths, narratives, frames of traditional historiography, together with different texts and forms from the history of the theatre, and thus produce the effect of continuation rather than a radical break with the tradition.The article focuses on the theatrical strategies that open up to the postmodern notion of plurality: intertextual representation, intersemiosis, citation, pastiche, rewriting, deconstruction. With the help of three different case studies the article demonstrates, what kind of aesthetic forms the principle of plurality acquires in Lithuanian theatre; how the past (tradition, canon, history)reappears in these performances and how their perception differs from the modern tradition.

Deșteptarea primăverii – caiet de regie

Deșteptarea primăverii – caiet de regie

Author(s): Bogdan Ulmu / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 2/2013

It’s spring. Nature jubilees. Wedekind tries to find a concordance not only through the title, but also through a collateral allegory, that of a flower bud, full of vigour, ready to explode. The young adolescents bustle with excited nostrils, breathing the warm and staggering air of the neurotic season. The play Spring’s Awakening fascinates through innocence, calm redeeming in opposition with dullness and conformism of the mature people. The excitement of the adolescents, their gnostic ascent and the naivety in front of the essential mystery impress both the reader and the spectator.

Diabeł i seryjni mordercy. Rzecz o niebanalności zła

Author(s): Pawel Rzewuski / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 2/2015

The article presents an analysis of the ways in which serial killers were depicted by popular literature authors. The image of serial killers which emerges from the interpretation of various criminal novels was confronted with criminological literature. As it seems, the comparision between fictional serial killers and their real counterparts allows us to notice some tendencies in popular literature. Serial killers, as presented in criminal novels, have more in common with the devil himself rather than with the actual serial killers. They tend to fill in some way the gap which has arisen in the consciousness of people living in the secularized societies.

Diva

Author(s): Ante Maric / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 87-88/2016

Opera in four acts

Divadlo ako preparát princípu

Author(s): Matúš Marcincin / Language(s): Slovak / Issue: 23-24/2015

The aim of the presented article is to provide an analytical view of the experimentalpresentation of Shakespeare´s tragedy Macbeth at the Košice State Theatre, directed byĽubomír Vajdička (2013). The author chose theorems of German Romanist Hugo Friedrichfrom his monography The Structure of Modern Poetry (1956) as a methodological basis,trying to apply it to the staging of famous drama of William Shakespeare.

Dizisinde Çizilen Japonya’nin ‘Yeni’ Erkek İmaji

Author(s): Ceren Aksoy Sugiyama / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 80/2014

It can be argued that for the last two decades Japan has gone through a radical transformation making the country a stage for various masculine performances filling it with a multitude of representations of masculine identities. The footprints of these transformation can also be observed through media representations. Within this context the aim of the article is to elaborate the masculine identity constructed through Sakamoto Ryōma in the historical drama Ryōmaden broadcasted in the year 2010 by the Japanese national channel. By giving several examples from the scenes focusing on the character traits of the protogonist, the type of masculinity which is thought to be idealised by means of an updated version of Sakamoto Ryōma will try to be highlighted. Within the popular history, Sakamoto Ryōma is known to be one of the architects of the Meiji Restoration. Although he could not live to see the Reformation itself his contributions did not go unnoticed. The latest version of these character who have already inspired several novel, anime and manga overlaps with the historically glorified masculin identity. On the other hand it can be noticed that the image itself differentiates from the iconic images of the previous decades. By putting into circulation a sympathic samurai who reverse the Japanese autocratic masculine image; the series not only refresh the social memory but also put into circulation a new masculine image.