Around the Bloc: Gorbachev Banned From Ukraine
Former Soviet leader won’t be able to visit for five years because of support for Crimea annexation.
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Former Soviet leader won’t be able to visit for five years because of support for Crimea annexation.
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Police brutally arrest man for alleged extremist online activity.
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The aim of the study was to analyse how a social hierarchy among inmates in Czech prisons is formed and reinforced. The data presented in this paper is based on the original ethnographic research conducted in Czech prisons. The data for analysis was collected from qualitative interviews with selected participants of the prison environment, observations carried out inside the prisons and from documents related to the Czech prison service. The findings indicate that the formation of inmate hierarchy in Czech prisons is strongly influenced by both endogenous (physical strength, psychological manipulation, economic capital, criminal history) and exogenous (effect of prison authority) factors.
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As few information is kown regarding the situation of the prisons from Galaţi during the period of the Règlements Organiques, this paper brings to the fore two interesting testimonies regarding the condition of the prisoners from Galaţi: the unpublished reports written by the British vice-consul at Galaţi, Charles Cunningham, and by doctor Wagner, who accompanied the British official in his visit to the local prison, in March 1845, after the death of a British citizen in the prison of Galaţi, and the details provided in his travel journal by Benjamin Nicolas Marie Appert, general chief of the French prisons, who visited the Romanian Principalities in 1851.
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If the Moldovan women erotic webchat operators are providing virtual ‘sexual services,’ then under the law, their bosses could be considered ‘pimps.’
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The paper examines the main common issues of crimes against the person, and some other situations of more favorable criminal law enforcement. The innovations consist in the conducted examination and the views expressed on some situations in which the more favorable criminal law should be applied. The main change with a strong preventive feature is to introduce the two institutions, name-ly, the renunciation of applying the punishment and postponing the punishment, which generally is given a favoring regime to physi-cal or legal entities being at their first conflict with the law or in the case of committing crimes whose degree of seriousness is re-duced. The paper continues other papers published in the field, and it can be useful both to academics and practitioners in the domain of preventing and combating crime of this kind.
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In this paper, we attempt to highlight the condition of prison, as well as the purpose for applying preventive measures involving deprivation of liberty and punishment, in a historical exploration of this institution of criminal law and procedural law. This study aims at revealing, alongside this historic exploration of the evolution of the punishment system within the criminal process, additional elements which, even though regulated since ancient times, can still be found in the current criminal and procedural regulations.
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For the past couple of years, Serbia has become a transit country for the ever in-creasing number of migrants from Africa and Asia, travelling towards the EU. As part of the process of approaching the EU – first achieving the liberalization of the visa regime for entry into the Schengen area in 2009 and then getting the official status of a candidate member in 2012 – Serbia needed to harmonize its policies with those of the EU, especially in the areas of border control and migration man-agement. As a result, Serbia adopted a series of laws and policies which effectively illegalize migrants. In this paper, we first look into how migrant “illegality” is pro-duced by Serbian migration legislation and policy, and second, we look at the con-sequences of this illegalization. The first set of consequences are those that are felt by migrants themselves, as they are its principle target. The second set of conse-quences affects those persons that come into contact with the illegalized migrants. We speak of contagiousness of illegalization, which affects those people who are providing professional services to illegalized persons. Under the threat of possible criminalization, pressure is put on them to conduct “legality” checks and thus re-produce borders far away from the actual state border. We look particularly at reproduction of borders in the area of accommodation of migrants, taking as a case study a Belgrade youth hostel.
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Automobile accidents are representing one of the most common cause of damages. In order to protect the driver against the risk of causing the automobile accident, and especially to protect the innocent victims of the accident - third aggrieved party, most modern legal systems introduced the institute of compulsory automobile insurance. However, this institute does not provide protection to all persons whose suffered damages in traffic accidents. Whose injured parties are entitled to require compensation from the automobile liability insurer? How is the third parties circle specified in the Act of automobile liability insurance F BIH? Are these Act provisions being harmonized with EU regulations? These are some questions that this paper will attempt to answer. The aim is to determine as precisely as possible who has right to get compensation from insurers, since the legal provisions in this regard are not accurate.
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The paper is devoted to research possible modes of legal protection through an insurance system for both, medical personnel who provides health services and for patients as the users of health care, with reference to the protection of medical personnel from civil liability for damages caused by medical errors. When it comes to liability insurance for damage caused by medical error, it is important to point out that, in insurance system, it presents one segment of legal protection from liability of medical personnel as members of so-called “intellectual professions”. Further in this paper, we were analyzing current mode of legal protection of medical personnel through the liability insurance of medical personnel in Bosnia and Herzegovina. We were also exploring and analyzing the existing modes of liability insurance for the other similar professional practice, such as the advocate and notary practice. In this paper, it is dedicated a special attention in finding acceptable modes of legal protection through the liability system insurance of medical institutions for damages caused in medical treatment, with reference to compulsory liability insurance as a mode of legal protection for damage liability.
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Probation for justice is undoubtedly this institution that plays a special role and importance in open system rehabilitation. Improving the functioning of increasing crime situation, including juvenile delinquency requires determined efforts of social and system solutions. A very important element of governmental and non-governmental organizations for protecting the safety is to direct attention to the problems of crime prevention. As a society bear huge financial outlay to maintain institutions that do not always meet the expectations of society in terms of the eff ectiveness of social reintegration. It seemed that the introduction of the Court Probation Act of 27 July 2001 in micro and macro scale solves the problems of Polish justice and contributes to the further development of this institution. Institutional dependence deprives its autonomy and the possibility of permanent structures to adapt to the real needs of the probation system. Undoubted success of the Act is to change the priorities in the performance of tasks by probation offi cers. In the fi rst place was the impact of educational and social integration, then diagnostic, preventive and controlling. Although in this case, there is serious doubt if the legislator took into consideration the properly realized tasks. Generally dominated by trend that imprisonment should be used as long as necessary from the point of view of the social reintegration and assurance of security of liberation society. Therefore, one of the challenges of modern restorative rehabilitation of probation is to build a system based on the solutions of other countries.
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Corruption is a phenomenon that has already occurred in the end of the Roman Republic. The former legislator has introduced regulations limiting the possibility of buying electoral votes by a ban on organizing public feasts and the distribution of gifts. In addition, it was penalized to make promises to release somebody from public burdens, such as the obligation to perform certain public works. In the Polish legal system there are also regulations penalizing electoral corruption. The basic legal acts are Penal Code and the Electoral Law to the municipal councils, district councils and regional assemblies. This article presents cases of electoral corruption in the light of the Code regulations.
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“(…) The penal measure, described in the section 45 § 1 of Polish Criminal Code - forfeiture of financial benefits or its equivalent, is applied by the court in parts, according to results of findings of facts, whenever a financial benefit was achieved by accomplices. When exact division of shares in a benefit is impossible, the forfeiture of financial benefits or its equivalent shall be done in equal parts.” This is possible according to statement of Polish Supreme Court. The Author deliberates on legitimacy of this argument. He also analyzes actual regulations of Polish Civil Code and Polish Criminal Code and forward proposals the possibility of modification of presumptions functioning in Polish Criminal Code. Due to limited volume of the paper presented, shows that new regulations in matter discussed shall be deeply analyzed. The solutions proposed in paper presented shall be only an invitation to discussion on presented idea, especially from constitutional point of view.
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The article deals with the topic of hooliganism at sports fields from various perspectives. It provides a brief introduction into the history of football and hooliganism. It suggests some real cases from Europe and the World which clearly show that despite of all the efforts put into tackling hate offences at sports fields, it is still a matter of major concern to many countries. The author summarises some of the legal and non-legal instruments that can and should be applied. Some extra space is devoted to some elements of the British sports law, mainly the sanction of banning orders imposed on hooligans. The author looks at this topic of EU law and also from the perspective of human rights thus making the topic of relevance in the whole Central and Eastern European region.
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The legal liability of doctors or other members of the medical staff can be seen in the different areas. These persons can be held liable on the basis of the Civil Code, based on the Penal Code, but also based on the regulation regarding medical professions, and it means they take professional responsibility. This analysis will discuss the liability of the medical staff, with particular emphasis on the responsibility of doctors. The various aspects of this liability, including civil liability, penal liability and professional liability, will be discussed. To illustrate that this topic is current today, but it was always important, the author will present a brief historical background regarding doctor’s liability in different cultures and different times. Moreover, in a special way, the medical professional liability, based on the Law on Profession of Physicians, will be considered.
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The ethics of care is a possible link between prison health and medicine, quality of care and treatment. On the base of that subject held proposal of a comparative research project between the Italian penitentiary health system and the prison health care system in Poland. The proposal to turn a research project related to the relationship between the ethics of care, health and medicine penitentiary was born with the aim to demonstrate how the context of the latter express the many facets of the relational ethics of care and its, on the other hand, as it may provide, through medicine prison, an essential dimension of the treatment process. Usually, at least in our cultural dimension we usually consider interconnected and liberty, property and the full availability of your body : the right to health is understood as a derivative of the right to liberty and the right to life . As should be understood that right in a situation like that in which prison inmates are not free , and above all live in a particular condition of socialization independent of their choice ? The extent to which an inmate can make choices concerning their health which may cause discomfort to those who, necessarily, shares the space with him or imply higher economic costs for the community? In our society it is almost trite to say that the state must guarantee the right to health of prisoners but becomes a subject of deep reflection if this right is identified as a state of total well -being for every individual. In today’s complex and diverse social needs and the different conceptions of well -being may come into conflict.
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The present publication is an analysis of legislative solutions regarding the enforcement of fines, forfeiture, prohibitions, and public disclosure of judgments against a collective entity. The analysis covers the legal regulations existing at the time when the Act on the Liability of Collective Entities came into force, the current legal status, and the proposed legislative changes in this regard.
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The study is devoted to the issues of incidental proceedings in executive proceedings, which are of key importance for the execution of penalties and other penal-legal measures of reaction to a fiscal offence and an offence which are in ideal concurrence, imposed on the accused in two different criminal proceedings. The author defines the legal nature of these proceedings and then indicates the interpretative doubts that may arise when interpreting the provisions of Article 181 of the Fiscal Penal Code. In the final part of the article, he provides the most important conclusions, as well as signals the necessity and direction of desirable changes to the current normative regulation.
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The Act of 7 July 2022 on amendments to the Criminal Code and certain other laws is one of the largest amendments to the Polish Criminal Law in years It brought many significant changes to the Polish Penal Code. The article focuses around the modification of the catalog of punishments (Art. 32 of the Penal Code) consisting in the repeal of the punishment of 25 years’ imprisonment while expanding the limits of ordinary deprivation of liberty, establishing a new framework for the threat of punishment for a period of one month to 30 years’ imprisonment. The author succinctly presents what in his opinion are the basic doubts and controversies related to the amendment to the extent indicated above, attempting to analyze the ratio legis of removing the penalty of 25 years’ imprisonment from the Polish legal order.
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The text is devoted to the analysis of Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi’s pedagogical concept of reforming criminal legislation, modernizing the prison system and dealing with convicts. Although this is not the main axis of his work and covers only a few texts, the message contained in them, supported by the author’s practical activity, makes him considered one of the main prison reformers of the late 18th and early 19th centuries, the mental father of the first wave of Swiss penitentiary reforms and the protoplast of the educational view of the purpose of imprisonment. After a introduction, the importance of Pestalozzi’s work and activities for modernizing the prison system is presented, followed by an analysis of his proposals in this regard. However, not only a presentation of his views on the treatment of criminals and the handling of convicts was made, but also the contexts and references of his ideas were extensively outlined, referring to his literary works, his practical outreach and education activities, but also illustrating his immersion in the current of reforms of the time and references to figures with whom he worked and valued. The author hopes that this will put Pestalozzi’s visionary postulates into a broader perspective.
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