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W kręgu późnobarokowej zootanatologii. Trzy próbki literackie Jana Ludwika Platera

Author(s): Dorota Samborska ‑Kukuć / Language(s): Polish Issue: 20/2020

A manuscript collection, literary Miscellanea, from the 18th century, which is in the possession of the Ossolineum Library, contains works written by Jan Ludwik Plater (ca. 1670-1736), a Livonian voivode. Three poems about little domestic animals, and more specifically - their dying, are worth the attention. The author, who was an educated man, wrote elegies for the death of the ‘turkey court’ favourites, following the model of ancient (Catullus, Ovid) and old-Polish (Kochanowski, Szymonowic) writers. He wrote light and graceful poems, which contain the features of an elegy but are also decorative in the Rococo style; on the one hand they ‘commemorate’ ephemeral beings, on the other hand they provoke thought on the universality of death.

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Lucjan Rydel jako badacz i wydawca literatury dawnej – dzieje edycji Jerozolimy wyzwolonej Torquata Tassa w przekładzie Piotra Kochanowskiego (Kraków 1902–1903)

Author(s): Marta M. Kacprzak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 19/2019

The article discusses the research and editing work of Lucjan Rydel related to the Old Polish literature – the two-volume edition of Torquato Tasso’s Gerusalemme liberata, translated by Piotr Kochanowski as Goffred albo Jeruzalem wyzwolona, prepared by Rydel and published in Krakow in 1902–1903 by Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences in the series Biblioteka Pisarzów Polskich (Polish Writers’ Library). It is the result of Rydel’s research on the life and work of Piotr Kochanowski – Jan Kochanowski’s nephew, Renaissance poet, Polish translator of Ariosto and Tasso. In the Biblioteka Pisarzów Polskich it was planned to publish, in addition to Goffred, a 5-volume edition of Ariosto’s Orlando furioso translated by Piotr Kochanowski and a monograph on Kochanowski. Rydel’s materials for these books were lost during World War II, but they are known from the accounts of Józef Tretiak and Roman Pollak. Rydel’s edition of Goffred was critically reviewed by Adam Antoni Kryński, Ignacy Chrzanowski and Aleksander Brückner.

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„A tu rzeczywistość skrzeczy…”, czyli Na marne i Z dobrego serca Lucjana Rydla

Author(s): Maria Jolanta Olszewska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 19/2019

Two dramas by Lucjan Rydel 'Na marne' (1895) and 'Z dobrego serca' (1897) were created during the poet’s stay in Western Europe. These pieces are a testimony to changes in his worldview and attitude to life. He left in them his youthful fascination with symbolic and mood drama modeled on Maurice Maeterlinck’s plays. The attempts to transpose these patterns were heavily criticized by his youthful works 'Matka' and 'Dies irae'. Rydel turned to realism in art. In this case, the patterns were provided by Gerhart Hauptmann and Leo Tolstoy. Na marne is based on the confrontation of two life attitudes. The Major, a former insurgent, symbolizes patriotic tradition and deed, and his grandson Adam is a decadent who has lost faith in the meaning of life. It pushes him to suicide. This drama is a warning against passivity and fatalism. 'Z dobrego serca' treats about the sacrifice of a young girl who, after her sister’s death, decides to marry a much older brother-in-law to save her family. It becomes the personification of love of human being. For Rydel, the foundation on which we should build our life is Christian values. The choice made by the poet confirms his subsequent dramas mainly written for the folk theatre of which he was the initiator and creator.

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Kłopotliwe dziedzictwo sarmatyzmu. Romantyczni twórcy wobec postaci starosty kaniowskiego Mikołaja Bazylego Potockiego

Author(s): Iwona Węgrzyn / Language(s): Polish Issue: 20/2020

The paper is not only an attempt at reconstructing the literary legend of Mikołaj Potocki, a governor from Kaniów, but also a story about the helplessness of the Polish 19th-century writers against the crazy magnate, his legend and Sarmatism, which he represented. Works by Kraszewski, Groza, Grabowski, Jankowski and many other authors, which are dedicated to Mikołaj Potocki, seem to be an interesting testimony of the 19th-century writers’ struggle with the tradition of their ancestors (not always obvious and accepted). They also make it possible to formulate a thesis about the 19th-century retouch of pre-Enlightenment noble culture (rejecting cruelty as a component of knightly identity of noble culture and eliminating characters evoking confusion from among the pantheon of ancestors, for example those described as tricksters by anthropologists).

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Czy Jan Kott stworzył mit? Jeszcze raz o Hamlecie ‘56 Romana Zawistowskiego

Author(s): Wanda Świątkowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 19/2019

The article presents the origins of Hamlet directed by Roman Zawistowski at the Stary Theatre in Krakow (1956) and is an attempt at answering the question: to what extent the famous Jan Kott’s review influenced its reception. The author analyzes the translation of the tragedy, the script of the play, acting, scenography and the historical context. By comparing the reviews with Kott’s interpretation, it is possible to indicate the areas where critics disagree, and at which point Kott’s review becomes opinion-oriented and establishes the reception of Zawistowski’s Hamlet - actually to this day.

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SocGoldoni. “Il servitore di due padroni” nell’interpretazione di Krystyna Skuszanka

Author(s): Paulina Kwaśniewska-Urban / Language(s): Italian Issue: 19/2019

The following paper is devoted to the performance of Carlo Goldoni’s comedy The Servant of Two Masters, which was staged in Teatr Ludowy (the Ludowy Theatre) in Nowa Huta. The play, which was directed by Krystyna Skuszanka, is set in the history of the Polish reception of Goldoni’s comedy. The analysis of remarks and comments, which were published by Polish reviewers who watched the play in Nowa Huta in 1957, as well as Italian reviewers who saw the performance a few months later in the Venetian Biennale, is an attempt at showing some basic discrepancies regarding the reception of the play and answering the question about the cause of such differences. In such a short form it is not possible to investigate all the intricacies of reading Goldoni in Poland in the period 50s-60s from an anti-ideological perspective, or to determine a broader historical-cultural context. The paper is only a section of in-depth research conducted by the author.

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„Przemówił dziad do obrazu” – historia pewnej polemiki

Author(s): Magdalena Sadlik / Language(s): Polish Issue: 18/2018

The following paper is a recollection of a series of articles by Tadeusz Kudliński, published in ”Ilustrowany Kurier Codzienny” (1936–37). “Teatralne mielizny” were very popular with readers, especially young playwrights, supported by the critic. The articles written by the Cracow „teatrał” (theatre man) aroused a heated discussion in the press, and the initiative to create Studio 39 can be regarded as its aftermath. Contrary to previous assurances concerning the final conclusion of the ”sandback” dispute, Kudliński took up the topic again nine months after the publication of the last part of the series, and his text “Przemówił dziad do obrazu” provoked the response by Tadeusz Boy-Żeleński. Thus, the whole discussion on the articles, as well as the theatre initiative brought to life by their soul, ends with three polemical texts, published in press, whose main character has, unexpectedly, become the hero of an old Polish proverb.

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Tadeusza Kudlińskiego lektura Biblii…, czyli Gniew o Soszannę

Author(s): Maria Jolanta Olszewska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 18/2018

The novel Gniew o Soszannę was wriitten in the period 1947–1962. It came out in 1963. The writer had some difficult war and postwar experiences. First, he was repressed by the Nazis and then by the Stalinist authorities. These experiences became a source of the novel from the days of the former Israel. The story is based on the episode from the Bible, Jeph’s History. He made an unheard of Yahweh’s oath and he had to sacrifice his own daughter. However, Kudliński’s novel goes beyond the colorful of the biblical story, it carries deeper reflections on human life and relationships with Yahweh. It is also a settlement with totalitarianism. From the formal point of view, it is an apocryphal narration based on Kudlinski’s principle of «symultaneity», thus realizing the ‘three-times principle’ of spatial composition. The character becomes a collective hero. Kudliński’s work fits into the search for a modern novel form in Polish literature of the twentieth century.

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NICOLAE MANOLESCU - CRITICISM AND LUCIDITY

Author(s): Iulian Boldea / Language(s): English Issue: 34/2023

Nicolae Manolescu is a critic who lucidly questions his own condition, reflection on himself and reflection on others being the relevant resources of moral self-scopy. For Nicolae Manolescu, criticism has an uncertain, anarchic status, as it approaches the meanings of the work asymptotically, without being able to reveal its inexhaustible wealth of semantic configurations, unable to dismantle the subtle mechanisms and the multitude of aspects that make it up. The global reading of the literary work is a chimera, exegesis assuming at best the role of approximating the meanings and inner workings. Situated at the intersection of opposing categories, between Apollonian and Dionysian, the writing seems weakened by an uncertainty derived from the steady exercise of lucidity, from mutations and "revisions" with a Lovinescian flavour, Manolescu's critical statements repudiating any categorical allure, the demonstrative air, the learned, sufficient bearing. The rejection of apodictic, learned, rigid and reductionist affirmation has the problematic allure of the phrase, the methodical doubt, the dilemmatic questioning.

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El cuerpo femenino según Cervantes

Author(s): Lavinia Similaru / Language(s): Spanish Issue: 31/2023

The author of Don Quixote grants a primary role to women and, throughout his works, creates magnificent portraits of women. Plato’s ideas dominated thought for several centuries, and Cervantes was influenced by the Athenian philosopher. The illustrious Spanish writer considers beauty and virtue consubstantial, a beautiful person is also virtuous, there is no beauty without virtue. To describe women physically, Cervantes uses the canons inspired by the harmony of the bodies of the Greco-Roman statues, later propagated by Renaissance poetry and converted into clichés. The women have long golden hair, coral lips, rosy cheeks, pearl teeth, necks of alabaster, hands so white that they look like snow, and great harmony of body. A body that Cervantes never explicitly describes. Surprisingly, Mr. Vidriera ironises precisely these canons of beauty, too hackneyed at the time. In Cervantes’ works, ugliness is associated with a lack of virtue.

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PAUL GOMA OR REALISM AS A FORM OF POLITICAL PROTEST

Author(s): Iulian Băicuș / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 34/2023

I have been trying in this essay concerning the works written by Paul Goma, the most important writer born in Republic of Moldavia, that has become after his refuge in Romania, the most important dissident against Romanian Communist Regime, a Romanian Solzsenițin, as he was named by Eugene Ionesco, who fled to Paris and became one of the most important writer of the Romanian exile in the West. After his recent death his works have for the first time the chance to be judged without their author, without the polemics in which Paul Goma has been involved, in which he lost most of his friends, being caught in this trap of suspicion and hate.

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TEACHING MARGUERITE DURAS’ THE LOVER IN A UNIVERSITY SETTING

Author(s): Aliteea-Bianca Turtureanu / Language(s): French Issue: 34/2023

This paper aims to approach Marguerite Duras’ The Lover from a didactic perspective in the field of Philology at a university level. Setting learning objectives and competencies, active and interactive methods of teaching literature, as well as choosing appropriate practical activities pose real challenges for any professor.

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LA LIBERTE D'UN PHILOSOPHE SOLITAIRE ET ASOCIAL

Author(s): Marinela-Alexandra POPA (ENACHE-POPA) / Language(s): French Issue: 34/2023

Reporting to innovation, the concepts of multilingualism, interculturality and multiculturalism, we identify these concepts, as taking the form of indisputable values that become step by step reality for today's society. E.M.Cioran created his own cultural community in Paris and practiced multilingualism to the degree of excellence. Only through an educational approach can results be obtained in the order of acceptance, equality and globalization. Promoting and highlighting multiculturalism in order to develop a correct and generative thinking of intellectuals who know the feeling of empathy. In this context, we will search with insight to decode the depth of Cioran's pessimism. The whole study will focus on a disambiguation of man's thinking of culture, which proved to be the illustrious philosopher, E.M. Cioran.

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STATES WHICH ARE FAVOURABLE TO INTROSPECTION

Author(s): Elena Bădoiu (Tudose) / Language(s): French Issue: 34/2023

In this article I want to capture the mental and psychological state in which the young Cioran found himself at the time he wrote the book "On the heights of despair", as opposed to the interviews he gave at the age of maturity. The analysis of despair is justified by the abundance of anguished moments captured throughout the writing and the testimony offered by the great philosopher.

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THE REPRESENTATION OF THE NEGATIVE NATURE (TRAIT) ON THE CHARACTERS AND OBJECTS IN THE FOLK TALES GATHERED BY I. G. SBIERA

Author(s): Sergiu Crăciun / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 34/2023

The negative character represents an essential narrative compositional element in folk fairy tales, being in opposition to the positive one. The two narrative instances may or may not tend towards a certain goal, sometimes common, sometimes different. In most cases, the destiny of the future hero, who has gone through the initiation stage, is decided by the negative character, with whom he must confront in the end. What are the reference points that guide us to consider a character, at a certain moment, the antagonist of the action? Is the presence of the antagonist in folk fairy tales singular or doubled, sometimes tripled depending on the situations and obstacles encountered by the hero during his initiatory journey. These are some of the premises from which we start to reveal the mythical-symbolic values of negative characters in fairy tales collected by I. G. Sbiera.

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ANTHROPOLOGY OF CULTURE AND FOLKLORIC CREATION

Author(s): Rodica Bălan / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 34/2023

Culture starts from cultivation and is cultured, and means teaching, and cult man has a high and varied level of instruction. The first meaning of culture is the cultivation, care, cultivation of the earth, orchards, plants, animals and, of course, humans. but the most common and familiar sense of culture is education and training, which complements or corrects human nature. In this sense, the Greeks have created a unique education system in which not a specialist is formed in a certain profession, but man is cultivated as a personality with certain value orientations.

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Camelia Dinu (coord.), Modernismul rus în Veacul de Argint

Author(s): Maria Lațchici / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2/2022

Review of: Camelia Dinu (coord.), Modernismul rus în Veacul de Argint, Oradea: Ratio et Revelatio, 2020, 348p., ISBN 978-606-9659-11-3

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Creative Posthumanism and Bogdan Rață

Author(s): Simber Atay / Language(s): English Issue: 79/2023

Creative Posthumanism is one of the most crucial discussion areas of the 21st Century contemporary art. There are many posthuman works in many branches of art from literature to cinema, from photography to sculpture. Biotechnological developments, digital technologies as art devices, futuristic vision, and several variations of humanism are some components of creative posthumanism. On the other hand, creative posthumanism has classical mythological origins. In this context, the subject will be evaluated through several artistic examples focusing particularly on Bogdan Rața’s art and sculptures.

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Text and Intercultural Context in the Teaching of the of the Romanian Language as a Foreign Language

Author(s): Cristina Eugenia Burtea-Cioroianu / Language(s): English Issue: 79/2023

The formation of communicative skills as part of reading a text in a foreign language involves an activity whose purpose is the semantic representation of the given information. Reading a text is influenced by three factors: the reader, the text and the context, the teacher having the obligation to interact with these factors. Reading remains the most effective tool through which the ability to communicate between people is developed, training thinking and language capacities. Current methodological suggestions encourage the exploitation of texts in modern language classes because they can prove to be authentic teaching resources, having a positive impact on the development of foreign language communication competence and critical thinking skills of foreign students.

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Recepcja wczesnochrześcijańskich motywów eucharystycznych w pieśni Dziękujemy Ci, Ojcze nasz

Author(s): Stanisław Garnczarski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 87/2023

The song entitled Dziękujemy Ci Ojcze nasz (We thank Thee, our Father) has its textual origin in an ancient document from the first centuries, entitled Didache tu Kyriu dia ton dodeka apostolon tois ethnesin. The document has the character of church instruc-tions, raising various topics and presenting them in the form of commands and guidelines in moral, legal, ascetic and liturgical matters. In our research, we focused our attention on three points in the Didache (9-10 and 14), which describe the celebration of the Eucharist. It’s about thanksgiving to God for the Eucharist, life, faith and eternal life, and a request for the community of the Church and God’s help on the way to unity with God for eternity. The text and melody of the analyzed song were written by Fr. Kazimierz Pasionek in the 1960s. The exact date is unknown. Certainly, it happened before 1968, because that year during the solemn Holy Mass on the occasion of the 25th anniversary of the priestho-od of Bishop Jerzy Ablewicz, the combined choirs – clerical and cathedral – performed under the direction of the composer himself after Holy Communion Eucharistic Prayeraccording to the text of the Didache. The presented song is an important example of the implementation of the postulates of Vatican II, i.e. a return to patristic sources, reaching for ancient texts. It was done by Fr. Pasionek and many composers of the 21st century do the same, using texts imbued with the beautiful theology of the Eucharist, christology and ecclesiology.

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