(P)oszukiwanie tożsamości: cztery studia o angielskim Oświeceniu

Author(s): Pawel T. Dobrowolski / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 2016

The book consists of introduction and four chapters, each being an independent albeit interconnected study related to the issues of emerging English/British modern identity. Conclusion and full bibliography follow. The common motives of each study revolve around the practices of constructing modern cultural and social identity, by means of affirmation or impersonation. The first three chapters deal with the shifting British cultural patterns – the meaning of masquerades and gender-related issues - often viewed against contemporary Europen context. In the last essay, which is embedded in current historiography on penal deportation the statistically presented data and conclusions belong also to the domain of economic history.The choice of literature is comprehensive. The rich and perceptive choice of illustrations, which visualise the text allow the reader to imagine many of the dramatis personae.

2017 Pink Report - Annual Report on the State of Human Rights of LGBTI People in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Author(s): Emina Bošnjak,Vladana Vasic,Inela Hadžic,Darko Pandurevic / Language(s): English / Issue: */2017

The years 2016 and 2017 brought about significant changes in the context of the number of violations of LGBTI human rights documented by Sarajevo Open Centre. The number of cases of discrimination and violence on the ground of sexual orientation documented by Sarajevo Open Centre did not decrease, neither did the number of LGBTI persons who contacted Sarajevo Open Centre in search of assistance in asylum seeking, changing the sex marker in documents, adequate psychological support or help in obtaining documents required for marriage/same-sex partnership in countries which allow it. Of particular concern is the increase of domestic violence and peer violence motivated by sexual orientation or gender identity, and the growing number of open and public instances of homophobic and transphobic views in the academic institutions and the academia as a whole. It is clear that, in addition to amendments to laws and public policies, it is necessary for the institutions in BiH to develop specific programmes and measures of action to combat intolerance, xenophobia, violence, and discrimination and to encourage social inclusion of LGBTI people. The improvement of the legal framework in BiH – the amendments to the Anti-Discrimination Law and introduction of sex characteristics as a protected ground, the amendments to the Criminal Code of FBIH and regulation of hate crime – is certainly commendable but these legal novelties should however be introduced into the mandatory training of civil servants, the judiciary and the police. The general public should also be informed about them to contribute to their implementation and the achievement of their purpose. The first step in that regard has already been made in the Gender Action Plan operational plans of entity governments and the Council of Ministers, but this type of action with regard to LGBTI human rights must continue and become more comprehensive. The Special Report on LGBTI Rights in Bosnia and Herzegovina produced by the Institution of Human Rights Ombudsman of BiH is the first of its kind and certainly serves as basis for the change of attitude towards LGBTI human rights in BiH. In its analysis of the situation and recommendations, the report departs from the practice of healing the consequences and takes a proactive approach to the improvement of human rights of LGBTI citizens in BiH with the overall goal to improve the conditions of their everyday life in BiH and to respect their human dignity.

2018 Pink Report - Annual Report on the State of Human Rights of LGBTI Persons in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Author(s): Vladana Vasic,Emina Bošnjak,Darko Pandurevic,Liam Isic,Jozo Blaževic,Lejla Huremovic / Language(s): English / Issue: */2018

The legislative framework for protecting the human rights of LGBTI persons and ensuring their equality has improved somewhat in the past three years. However, our research on the needs and problems of the LGBTI community in BiH conducted in 2017 has shown that hate speech, discrimination and violence against the LGBTI community are still a widespread occurrence. LGBTI persons are often unable to lead a normal life or meet basic human, social or cultural needs (e.g. be open about their romantic relationships, express their gender, etc.). The fear of violence, discrimination and/or exclusion frequently results in extreme self-isolation and reluctance to engage in certain cultural or social activities, express one’s views, etc. The results of monitoring discrimination and violence throughout 2017 show that transgender persons are particularly vulnerable. Even media reporting, which is usually neutral, took a sensationalist tone and focused exclusively on the sex-reassignment process, instead of the transphobic environment and its effects on the life of transgender persons in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The negative trend of growing domestic violence and peer violence on the grounds of SOGISC continued in 2017. There is still no concrete, institutional plan to combat peer violence and develop an inclusive, tolerant learning environment that incorporates the LGBTI perspective. Restricting freedom of assembly of LGBTI persons through administrative obstacles on the local and cantonal level is the most alarming trend. If it continues, this trend could seriously jeopardise and limit the work of LGBTI activists and civil society organisations that work on protecting the rights of LGBTI persons. Unfortunately, the growing violence, discrimination and restriction of the rights and freedoms of LGBTI persons elicited only sporadic responses from most institutions in charge of protecting and promoting human rights, including the rights of LGBTI persons. This creates a climate in which alleged security issues, assessed by various social actors who should not and cannot make decisions impacting people’s rights and freedoms, take precedence over protecting the rights and freedoms of LGBTI persons and ensuring equal treatment. The lack of a systematic, quick and adequate response from the authorities may further undermine the faith of LGBTI persons in the institutions, especially those most responsible for protecting human rights: the police and judiciary, as well as local institutions in charge of providing services to LGBTI citizens.

A Case Study on Moral Disengagement and Rationalization in the Context of Portugese Bullfighting

Author(s): Luis Cordeiro-Rodrigues,Emanuele Achino / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2017

Bullfighting is increasingly seen as a contested practice in Portugal. The Portuguese public generally disapproves of the practice and the Portuguese animal rights movement has dedicated a significant number of their campaigns to protesting against it. Despite this opposition to the practice, however, there is still legal protection of the practice on grounds of preserving it as a national tradition. This contestation and legality has led bullfighting supporters to actively try to defend and rationalize the practice. This paper analyses this defence and rationalization by exploring a case study of the quasi-lobbyist Portuguese organization, Pr˘toiro. The aforementioned case study is analyzed through the use of critical discourse analysis and neutralization theory. The conclusion reached in this article is that the analysis of speech reveals that Pr˘toiro and its supporters try to morally disengage with the harm done to the bull by using justifications that bullfighting is an ethical activity

A Different Russia: From Serbia's Perspective

Author(s): Milan Subotic / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

A Force for Good? Mapping the Private Security Landscape in Southeast Europe

Author(s): Arjan Dyrmishi,Rositsa Dzhekova,Donika Emini,Gentiola Madhi,Marko Miloševic,Predrag Petrovic,Atanas Rusev,Mentor Vrajolli / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 2015

The volume explores and assesses the origins and current state of the private security sector in four Southeast European countries (Bulgaria, Serbia, Albania and Kosovo), with specific reference to principles of good governance and the protection of human rights. In particular, the authors examine when and how the first private security companies developed and whether and how PSCs, their clients, and other factors such as relevant legislation determined the services private security offer today, and which companies were established/have survived in the market. The studies look into the economic importance of private security especially as a source of employment. They also explore if PSCs are able to provide quality security services by looking at the background and qualifications of managers and employees. A number of important questions are addressed: who are the people who work for PSCs, what is their level of expertise and professionalism and what are their working conditions? How important are (political) relationships for the success of a PSC and do domestic political considerations have an impact on which PSC receives contracts and how well they work? How is quality defined and enforced by both PSCs and their clients, especially public sector clients? Finally, do PSCs and state security providers coordinate, cooperate or compete with each other?

A gyermekvédelem peremén

Negatív életesemények hatása a kamaszok és fiatalok egészségkárosító magatartására

Author(s): Éva Huszti,Péter Takács,Lajos Hüse / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 4/2016

The paper studies how negative life events affect risk behaviour of children and young people. Calculations on the database of the ‘Hungarian youth 2012’ research suggest that negative life events are strong predictors of different types of risk behaviour like alcohol, drug abuse and suicide. According to the data people who have experienced several and more serious negative lifevents, more likely refuse and turn away from the norms of the adult society than those whose life proves to be less stressful. To place these results into child protection context, the study calls attention to the fact that the Hungarian child protection system does not treat each group in the fragmented society equally, although, on the basis of the incidence of threat it should. Another important message of this paper is to highlight that in addition to scientific values large-scale sociological research studies have professional and practical values as well. To support it, from the questions of the well-known Holmes-Rahe scale the authors re-developed an exploration scale (Reduced Life Events Scale). The application of the Reduced Life Event Scale (or the original Holmes-Rahe scale) allows experts to focus more on the studied issues in the process of planning services, prevention and case work. The tool might propose solutions to use the insufficient resources in a more targeted way.

A kontaktusalapú előítélet-csökkentés lehetőségei és korlátai

Egy intervenció tapasztalatai

Author(s): Anna Kende,Nóra Anna Lantos / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 2/2016

Intergroup contact is the most effective method of prejudice reduction according to a vast number of studies conducted in various intergroup situations. However, it is not contact, but its optimal conditions which are difficult to attain in societies lacking a general acceptance of egalitarian social norms, facing strong segregation, large status differences, and endorsing strong prejudicial attitudes. Therefore, the optimal conditions for intergroup contact are rarely available when attempting to reduce prejudice against Roma people in Hungary. We present two studies in which we tested the influence of an intervention based on intergroup friendship – a highly positive example of intergroup contact – to reduce anti-Roma prejudice among university students. The research builds upon the so-called “fast friends” method which refers to a short closeness generating procedure based on mutual self-disclosure which creates an experience resembling real friendships. First year psychology students participated in our first study (N = 132) within an experimental, an extended contact, and a “control” group. We found some overall improvement in attitudes based on the comparison between the pre- and the post-test questionnaire results. In a second study (N = 61) we tested whether the findings of Study 1 were the direct result of the intervention, or its indirect influence through promoting non-prejudicial institutional norms. This time we worked with an experimental and a naïve control group, and found significant differences in attitude change between the groups along some attitudinal variables and in the perception of institutional norms. We discuss the scope and limits of anti-Roma prejudice reductions methods.

A Magyarországi Munkások Rokkant- és Nyugdíjegyesülete

Author(s): Monika Kozári / Language(s): Hungarian / Publication Year: 0

A nemi szerepekkel kapcsolatos attitűdök a 2000-es években Magyarországon

Author(s): Anikó Gregor / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 1/2016

PhD theses of Anikó Gregor on attitudes concerning gender roles in Hungary in the 2000s

A normák mint integrációs mechanizmusok a mai magyar társadalomban

Author(s): Vera Szabari / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 3/2015

The study aims to sketch the theoretical and methodological background of former Hungarian norms and values studies, and their relation to the question of social integration. We can identify two, seemingly unrelated research fields in Hungarian sociology: one of them is the sociology of deviance having a collectivist theoretical and methodological background; the other one is the domain of values studies primarily focused on individuals. Between these two main research approaches there is a significant discrepancy. In my study I propose a joint examination of the two areas, interlinking the micro and macro levels. In particular, I model a joint anthropological examination of the different systems of values and the concrete actions.

A Personal View and Timeline of Women’s Sexual and Reproductive Lives in Romania

Author(s): Daniela Draghici / Language(s): English / Issue: 9 (23)/2017

ABORTUS

Author(s): Delila Hasanbegovic,Tanja Grabovac / Language(s): Bosnian / Publication Year: 0

Pojam abortusa ili pobačaja (lat. abruptio graviditatis) definira se kao spontani ili izazvani prekid trudnoće izbacivanjem ploda prije navršenog 28. tjedna trudnoće. Tema izazvanog abortusa je tema koja se kroz povijest doživljavala kao sasvim uobičajena stavka svakodnevnog života ili pak najgora kontroverza koja direktno pogađa ljudski život. Kao takav, abortus može biti legalan ili ilegalan te se proučava kroz razne aspekte (povijesni, sociološki, kulturološki, pravni, psihološki, moralno-etički, itd.). Iako se povijest abortusa prati još od antičkog doba može se reći kako je pitanje abortusa rodno određeno, te više pogađa žene. Riječ je o djevojkama i ženama koje uglavnom same stoje pod upitnikom abortusa.

Adopcja dzieci na tle handlu ludźmi

Author(s): Angelika Gajek / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 3/2015

The paper presents the legal bases for adoption and the threat for children whose parents do not want or cannot bring them up. It also discusses possible ways of fighting the violation of minors’ rights. For the common benefit, the policy of cooperation among different institutions was implemented, which were specially founded to guard the legal order. However, in times of globalization, the action taken by a single country would not be sufficient. Thus, the cooperation among the other countries has become indispensable. The legal basis for this, ratified at the beginning of the 20th century, are international agreements, commonly worked-out legislation and relevant procedures, which can be effective in the battle against the violation of the basic human rights, especially those of the children.

Alt kültür gruplarında suç ve toplumsallaşma ilişkisi: Karaman Çingeneleri örneği

Author(s): Ismail Güllü,Kerim Yildirim / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 1/2016

In this study, the relationship between crime and the socialization process in Gypsy subculture is examined. This is is a qualitative study analysing the relationship between crime and the socialization process among Gypsies in different parts of Karaman between the years 2014-2015, especially the “Yeni” neighborhood known as Abdali district. In-depth interviews helped us to group Gypsy families into four different family types. It can be said that during unique socialization process of Gypsy subculture, Gypsy individuals’ attitudes to crime is shaped in the context of its unique dynamics through their families, relatives and friends. Unlike other social groups, the Gypsy subculture allows forming a habitus conducive to be involved in crime. Although they have common social characteristics with Gypsies living in different parts of Turkey, Gypsies in Karaman have a distinctive lifestyle and habitus due to their unique socialization process.

Alternatív életstratégiák értékvonatkozásai és azok integratív szerepe

Author(s): Ágnes Kapitány,Gábor Kapitány / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 1/2016

During the research, 241 interviews were made between 2007 and 2011. The interviewees were members of different social, gender, and age groups, with different world-views, social status and political attitudes. Their common denominator was the representation of any alternative life strategies compared to the profit- and success-oriented mainstraim. The hypothesis of the authors was that these ˮalternative” people have further common attributes, which play an important role in the social integration process, too. The article summarizes the typical (integrative) values of these alternative life strategies.

ALTRUIZAM, FILANTROPIJA I HUMANIZAM – pojmovnoistorijski aspekti solidarnosti –

Author(s): Todor Kuljic / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 4/2016

This paper presents two main versions of altruism: the filantrophy and the humanism, their most developed historical forms and ways of legitimation. It is shown why private property, market and profite maximization are not inconsinent with the philantrophy and why it is not in accordance with the humanism. One should consider the role of philantrophy in the apology of capitalism.The paper compares two clasical writings: Marx-Engels’ „Manifest of the Communist Party” and Andrew Carnegies essay „The Gospel of Wealth”. In addition, it explores historical development, main features and the limitations of solidarity both in humanism and in philantropy in religious and in secular life as well as the types of philantrops and humanists and the contemporary philantrocapitalism in USA and Germany. There are two kinds of the philantropy criticism: (1) Non systemic one, which warns on the different abuses of philantrops, but which doesn’t deny the system’s foundations, and (2) Systemic one, which does’nt separate the criticism of philantropy from the criticism of capitalism itself. Special attention is dedicated to the usage of symbolic capital in the philantropy and to different doubts about the sincerity of benefaction.There is difference between apstract humanism which only comdemn the inhumanity, on the one side, and the theory of real humanism, as the lever by means of which one should put down exploatation and oppression of human beings. One is able to differentiate between ideological explanations of charity, philantropic and humanistic attempts in the epochal consciousnesses of the different historical ages from the antiquity to neoliberalism. Humanism prevailed during the Cold War in socialism, whereas philantropy has become hegemonic since the collapse of European socialism. Humanism was rooted in critism of the private property, while philantropy serves to promote and the bouergoies values. The conclusion is that the philantrophy relieves misery on the level of distribution, while humanism tries to annihilate the misery on the level of production.

American Jewish Altruism in Support of International Humanitari-an Intervention and Kosovo Peace-building

Author(s): Samet Dalipi / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2015

At the end of 20th century, parts of Europe get caught again by xenophobia’s which were hidden under the rug of the Cold War. Balkans was again at the heart of eruptions of nationalistic ideas and hegemonist aspirations. In resolving the last unsettled Kosovo case in the Balkans, west democra-cies corrected the mistake made at the beginning of the same century. In this direction gave input the Jewish community of USA. “We need to come out in defense of the defenseless victims ... can-not let people like Milosevic to continue killing men, women and children. We had to do this earlier, but not later or now”, said Elie Wiesel, the most prominent Jewish Nobel Prize winner, in a meeting with Holocaust survivors and veterans. This was not the only voice of the Jewish members in defense of Kosovo Albanians. A significant number of elite American-Jewish prominent politicians and diplomats, senior U.S. administration, from public life, have been cautious in pursuit of developments in Kosovo before the war. Altruism within Jewish elite influenced or advised U.S. policy makers on the necessity of intervention in Ko-sovo, to prevent scenarios prepared by the Serbian regime to de-albanize Kosovo. They decided and implemented the diplomacy of dynamic actions in stopping the repetition of the similarities of holocaust within the same century. What prompted this perfectly organized community in the U.S., with distinctive culture and other religious affiliations to people of Kosovo to support them during exterminating circumstances? Which were the driving factors on influencing the policy of most pow-erful state in the world in support of Albanians? This paper aims to illuminate some of the answers on the raised question as well as analyze the activities of most prominent American-Jewish personal-ities, some of their philanthropic actions that are associated with emotions, their principles and be-liefs to prevent human suffering and exodus of Kosovo Albanians, similar to their holocaust but with different actors.

An evolutionary logic towards the convergence of international business ethics

Author(s): Boon Seng Tan,Stephen Ko / Language(s): English / Issue: 4/2014

The fundamental problem in developing a theory of international business ethics, without imposing ethnocentric assumptions, lies in the inherent conflict between the need for universal ethics and the reality of diverse national cultures. Integrative social contracts theory holds an intermediate position between ethical universalist and relativist positions – recognizing universal hypernorms on the one hand and moral free space on the other. We argue that all businesses share a common objective of sustaining long-run economic value for their stakeholders. We develop this argument using an evolutionary logic into a hypernorm along three propositions: First, the firm influences, and is influenced by, members of the society (social context proposition). Second, managers maximize profit subject to joint constraints of technical feasibility and ethical norms (managerial decision proposition). Third, ethical norms evolve from interactions among the stakeholders without a central authority. Natural selection favors norms that maximize long run economic value for the society (natural selection proposition). We show that the hypernorm can spawn widely agreed authentic ethical norms. However, moral bounded rationality when interpreting the hypernorm generates different authentic norms in the moral free space. The evolutionary logic is testable along the dimensions of variation, inheritance and selection of ethical norms.

Analiza procesu socjalizacji osób niepełnosprawnych fizycznie uprawiających sport

Author(s): Jakub Niedbalski / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 60/2017

Purpose of the conducted research was to analyze a processual dimension of transformations of a disabled person’s life, which take place under influence of experiences related to sport practicing. A basis for realization of the purpose mentioned above were personal experiences of the researched individuals. Hence, the research exploits qualitative data, collected during unstructured interviews, conducted among the disabled practicing sports. Analysis and interpretation of the research material was performed in accordance with procedures of the grounded theory. The article has been prepared as a consequence of research carried out between 2012 and 2015, among a society of the disabled, who practice professional sports. This research poses an attempt to develop a general characteristic related to the sports career path, which regarding its specificity, is strongly rooted in the institutionalized inclusion practices, as well as continuing and maintaining the main actions, which is sport practicing by the disabled individuals.