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ENTELEKTÜEL SERMAYE VE TEMEL YETENEKLER ÜZERİNE ETKİ ANALİZLERİNDE ÇEVRESEL BELİRSİZLİK ALGISININ ARACILIK ROLÜ

Author(s): İbrahim Halid Elbaşı,Fatma Ayanoğlu / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 8/2020

The point where intellectual capital turns into value and gains meaning and quality in the real world is expressed as core competencies, because the concept of core competencies is described as the area where the organization emphasizes its unique features or products in order to provide sustainable competitive advantage. Therefore, it is stated that intellectual capital affects core competencies and this approach is necessary for the motive of survival and competitive advantage. In the relation between the two concepts, the mediating effect of environmental conditions and the perception of environmental uncertainty is quite determinant. Modeling the relationship except perception of environmental uncertainty regarding to the conditions and situations may prevent accurate generalizations. Based on the literature and similar empirical researches in this field, this study discusses the impact analysis between intellectual capital and core abilities within the mediating role of the perception of environmental uncertainty. Impact analysis and mediation role were analyzed using the structural equation model and an online questionnaire was used as a data collection instrument. The Covid-19 global pandemic which took place while the study was in progress, did not allow to face-to-face questionnaire method during the data collection process of the study as a result of the pandemic affecting the whole world and people being quarantined at home. The sample of the research is entrepreneurs working in startups. Online surveys were sent to 2.762 entrepreneurs from 6.614 startups, which constitute the universe of the research, and data from 245 participants were included in the analysis of the research. In the data analysis of the research, AMOS, SPSS and LISREL software packages were preferred, and hypotheses created referring to hypothetical and empirical studies were tested with the structural equation model technique. As a result of this study, it was determined that the perception of environmental uncertainty has a mediating role in the impact analysis on intellectual capital and core competencies.

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Побудова ефективних систем контролю розрахунків непобутових споживачів в умовах різних форм оплати за спожиті енергетичні ресурси

Author(s): Nataliia Holovchenko,Oleksandr Holovchenko / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 5 (38)/2020

The purpose of this article is to formulate the main direction of improvement of data about receivables generated in information control subsystems of trading companies that supply traditional energy resources (natural gas and electricity) to non-household consumers, in terms of forming a full cash flow management system in strict connection with the terms of contracts.The article systematically considers the problem of inadequate control over the payments for the consumed energy resources by non- household clients of domestic trading energy companies. The law aspects governing the contractual relations of the partners during the supply of energy resources are established. The typical conditions of payments for the consumed energy resources and ways of their adequate reflection in information subsystems of trading companies are defined.It is assumed that in order to solve the applied task, the information subsystems of accounting and control of trading companies must operate with the following information, which will be provided to the management system to make informed management decisions: a) general payment terms of each non- household counterparty; b) the current schedule of payment of each counterparty in connection with the terms of the signed contract; c) binding payment terms to the month of delivery (M); the month preceding the month of delivery (M - 1) and the month following the month of delivery (M + 1); d) dynamic change of the payment schedule according to additional agreements signed by the partners.As a result of research of the specified problem in all important aspects, practical recommendations on display in information subsystems of trading companies of the information on the schedule of payments for the consumed energy resources with a reference to a month of delivery are developed. Therefore, specific solutions are proposed for the algorithmization of procedures for controlling the timeliness of payments to counterparties and the formation on this basis of the necessary information for the management system of overdue debt. Further research in researched direction should focus on improving the final documents on the control of payment discipline of counterparties and management reporting on the timeliness of counterparties' payments for energy consumed.

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Study Examine The Effect of Monetary Policy on Income Generation in Nigeria

Author(s): Murat Akyüz,Michael Isaac Opusunju,Jiya Ndalo Santeli / Language(s): English Issue: 18/2020

The study examined the effect of monetary policy on income generation for the period of 11 years from 2007 to 2017. The adopted ex-post facto research design and used data from Central bank of Nigeria statistical bulletin. The study adopted regression with the aid of E-view statistical software package to analysed data. The found that monetary policy contributes significantly to income generation in Nigeria. This implies that there is a significant relationship between monetary policy (interest rate, inflation rate and exchange rate) and income generation (per capita income) in Nigeria. The study recommended that monetary policy in Nigeria should be regulated with strict consideration of how to control or reduce high interest rate, inflation rate and also improve exchange rate in Nigeria since it can generate or increase per capita income of the people of Nigeria.

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Research in the field of economic crime in Slovakia

Author(s): Ladislav Suhányi,Alžbeta Suhányiová,Jarmila Horvathova,Martina Mokrisova / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2016

Consequences of the crime influence the life of the whole society, it permeates to all areas of social life, as well as it penetrates into the lives of ordinary citizens of Slovakia. One of the most significant crimes is the economic crime. The relevance and the seriousness of the economic crime are expressed by its immediate threat of economic life and of the prosperity of society. The relevance of this issue is underlined by the fact that in the recent years there is an increase of new and more dangerous forms of crime.The aim of this paper is to examine the overall number of economic crime and the damages caused by these criminal activities in Slovakia during the last ten years. The emphasis will be put on the analysis of the number of business entities influenced by the economic crime, on the analysis of economic crime by the sectors of national economy and by the forms of economic crime in Slovakia. We will analyse the most common ways of committing tax frauds and accounting frauds, that distorts the business environment and it represents also a significant threat to the public finances. The complex accounting and tax issues enable the defrauders to commit accounting frauds and tax frauds; this is because of the deficiencies in the legislation, inefficient control processes and complexity of management. After that we analyse the number of Slovak companies with the owner from a tax haven. Within the analysis of secondary data in this paper appropriate mathematical and statistical methods will be used. Based on the evaluation of the results of research, conclusions and suggestions will be drawn.

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The Impact of a Going-Concern Audit Opinion on Board of Directors

Author(s): Igor Todorović,Jelena Poljašević / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2016

Paper examines the impact of a going-concern audit opinion on the corporate governance, measured by the changes in board of directors’ composition. External auditor’s opinion is used as a measure to address agency problems in companies. We examine this impact on sample of 55 companies listed on the Banja Luka Stock Exchange which have received going-concern audit opinion for 2013 financial reports. In this paper, the relationship between going-concern audit opinion and the corporate governance is investigated observing changes in board of director composition and additional requests for rigorous board performance evaluation after the shareholder’s assembly have received external auditor’s report. Results show that board of directors of companies that received going-concern audit opinions have not suffered serious consequences such as rigorous board performance evaluation, reduction of board size or changes of board members. This highlights the importance of measures that need to be put in place in order to increase of external auditor’s role in corporate governance.

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Інформаційне забезпечення маркетинг-статистики інноваційних підприємств

Author(s): Yuliia Horiashchenko / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 5 (38)/2020

Ukraine continues to actively develop a civilized business environment, including by means of marketing promotion as a factor that determines the economic development and well-being of the country, support to small and medium-sized businesses through the implementation of marketing principles in economic activity, effective Standards of marketing research UAM 91.12.0-2108654-001-2002 in order to promote fair competition. In combination with the global trend of network society development – Internet – marketing, digital marketing and marketing statistics are nowadays becoming a special source of intellectual resources. The problem remains the complexity of obtaining and integrating data, the volumes of which continue to grow.The purpose of this study is to substantiate the relevance of the study of marketing statistics and to seek optimization of modern methods of processing and analysis of marketing information in order to simplify the acquisition and integration of data.In the process of research such methods of scientific cognition were used: observation and abstraction, comparison, analysis and synthesis, methods of historical and logical analysis of socio-economic realities. Modern marketing statistics tools include a variety of SMM (Social Media Marketing) cases, guides, Search Engine Optimization, hashtags, UTM tags, custom auditing, analytics, and social advertising programs networks, project management, context tools.The main results of the study were the argumentation of the relevance of the study of marketing statistics and proposals for the optimization of modern methods of processing and analysis of marketing information to facilitate the acquisition and integration of data. The main ones are: 1) marketing information should be relevant, accessible and understandable to all market participants; 2) in the market conditions, higher education institutions in the respective field of training should train special specialists – highly qualified analysts with the necessary skills; 3) consumers of marketing services will not be completely satisfied until marketers are able to accompany them at all stages of the life cycle; 4) marketing statistics methods should be consolidated, systematized and optimized; 5) analytical tools should become key success factors in marketing statistics; 6) other factors for success should be establishing an effective data analysis at a particular enterprise.

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Розвиток методу аналізу ієрархій як механізму вибору інвестиційного проєкту на підприємстві

Author(s): Serhii Nisfoian,Nataliya Sysolina,Hryhorii Savelenko / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 5 (38)/2020

It is important for companies to choose the optimal project, considering the impact of the most important criteria on the common goal.The article investigates the mechanism of choosing the optimal of the three proposed investment projects at the production enterprise: production of foam blocks, production of paving slabs, production of concrete mix.To solve the problem of choosing the optimal project, the method of hierarchy analysis proposed by T. Saati was used. The method of analysis of hierarchies is considered to be a general theory of measurement, it is used to derive a scale from pairwise comparisons in multilevel hierarchical structures. Comparisons can be made on the basis of real or approximate values. The method is widely used in tasks related to multicriteria decision making, strategic planning, forecasting, etc.The method of hierarchy analysis allows to quantitatively and qualitatively compare alternative projects. The criteria for comparison were: the total amount of investment required for the project, product demand, expected profitability and payback period of the project.A multicriteria matrix model based on the method of hierarchy analysis is constructed. The relationship between the criteria was established and the consistency of results was assessed at all levels of the model. According to the results of the analysis, the optimal project was determined, which has the greatest value of the component of the vector of global priorities - 0.56529 (for the project involving the production of concrete mixtures). For this project, the criteria of "Demand" and "Profit" have the highest priorities of the vector of alternatives.The application of the method of analysis of hierarchies allows to reduce the amount of before the project work and numerically confirm the choice of the project.

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Factors that affect quality of work life of the millennials linked to the commercial sector in Colombia

Author(s): Laura Martínez-Buelvas,Olga Jaramillo-Naranjo,Enrique De La Hoz-Dominguez / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2021

The present investigation has two aims: (1) to empirically examine the factors that affect QWL among the millennials working in the commercial sector in Colombia and (2) to investigate the role of a set of individual differences as moderators (for example, gender, educational level and type of contract) in a complete QWL model, based on the methodology of (Tarhini, Hone, & Liu, 2014). The instrument used was the Work Quality of Life Tool (Wage and Subjective Conditions) which has been validated in the previous studies. The total of 1,163 surveys were conducted with workers from the commercial sector in Colombia who belong to the generation Y or the millennial generation, that is, born between 1981 and 2000. The results show that training, promotion, wages and the relationship of the individual with their work directly and positively affect the quality of work life in the study sample. We conduct a confirmatory factor analysis based on structural equations, revealing that the majority of the hypothesis associated with gender, educational level and type of contract were supported. This study serves to support the establishment of programs, projects and management plans to generate adequate use of the talents and skills of the millennials and thus create challenging and satisfactory jobs that increase organizational productivity.

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OVERVIEW ON THE DEFENCE PLANNING PROCESS, ON THE MILITARY BUDGETS AND ON THE DEFENCE EXPENDITURES DATA OF DIFERRENT STATES

Author(s): Radu Stănicel / Language(s): English Issue: 7/2012

The present study begin from a simple analysis of the defence planning processes, the planned budgets and military expenses of the states and intends to identify in those information indicators determining the military posture of states.

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THE EFFECT OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION STUDENTS’ INDIVIDUAL VALUES ON THEIR ENTREPRENEURIAL TENDENCY IN ISTANBUL

Author(s): Cafer Şafak Eyel,Burçin Kaplan,Gülümser Ünkaya / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2020

Individual values' effect on the entrepreneurial tendency is an important research topic in the field of entrepreneurship. This research aims to investigate the effect of individual values of business administration students on their entrepreneurial tendency, and to compare the effects of public and foundation university2 Business Administration students’ individual values on their entrepreneurial tendency in Istanbul. Individual values are measured through Schwartz Values Inventory which has 58 items, and entrepreneurial tendency is measured via a scale which has 50 items and is the combination of four different scales developed by Yılmaz and Sünbül (2009), Börü (2006), Bozkurt and Baştürk (2011), and Bozkurt (n.d.). The research was conducted at Istanbul University, Marmara University, Bogazici University, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul Aydin University, Istanbul Commerce University and Yeditepe University with 504 final-year students studying at Business Administration departments. As the result of validity analyses, 6 factors for individual values scale were identified, and 9 factors – for entrepreneurial tendency scale. In the course of multiple linear regression analyses, it is found that there is a significant effect of university students’ some individual values on their entrepreneurial tendency, and this effect partially differentiates between public university students and foundation university students.

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THE BOARD AS AN EXAMPLE OF JAPANESE CORPORATE GOVERNANCE SYSTEM HYBRIDIZATION: AN OUTLINE OF THE PROBLEM

Author(s): Magdalena Jerzemowska,Yoji Koyama / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2020

This paper argues that hybridization is a process that has been going on for decades in Japan and has contributed to improvement of Japanese corporate governance, and that the regulations regarding the board of directors are a good example of this hybridization process. The paper outlines the main changes within Japanese corporate governance system and identifies their determinants. Three main waves of hybridization of Japanese regulations and corporate governance are identified, along with three functioning structures of Japanese boards, and their strong and weak points. The company with statutory auditors (with Kansayaku Board), the company with Three Committees - nomination, audit, and remuneration - and the company with an Audit and Supervisory Committee are presented as evidence of this hybridization process. The paper addresses the research question: why has hybridization rather than convergence resulted in an improvement of Japanese corporate governance? The method of critical analysis is applied to academic literature sources, legal acts, and corporate governance regulations. The article contributes to a reduction in the research gap in Polish academic literature in the field of Japanese corporate governance, especially with respect to Japanese boards.

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FACTORS INFLUENCING THE SETTING OF EDUCATIONAL PROCESSES IN THE CONTEXT OF AGE MANAGEMENT AND CSR

Author(s): Hana Urbancová,Pavla Vrabcová / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2020

Age management plays an important role in addressing the age distribution among employees in an organisation and their management as a result of the increasing share of 50+ people in the population. Organisations must inevitably adapt to this trend, and one of the objectives of age management is to cope with demographic changes. Parties involved in age management have different ambitions at different levels. At the organisational level, however, it is necessary to emphasise on the development of human potential through continuous education and labour productivity. Employee age management can be seen as part of corporate social responsibility. More and more organisations are connecting responsible business with human resource management. The article presents age management as an opportunity to link human resource development to social responsibility. The main objective of this paper is to identify the factors influencing the setting of educational processes for 50+ y.o. employees and to support the development of CSR in education. The data were obtained using quantitative research (n = 207) and then evaluated using descriptive and multivariate statistics methods. The results show that employees prefer when employers themselves suggest them participating in educational courses. The most frequently used courses are professional lectures and self-education, while the least used ones are internships in foreign branches or videoconferences.

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DOES FAMILY CEO ENHANCE CORPORATE PERFORMANCE? THE CASE OF JORDAN

Author(s): Zaid Saidat,Tareq O. Bani-Khalid,Lara Al-Haddad,Zyad Marashdeh / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2020

There is a high level of family ownership among Jordanian firms, which is perceived to be the reason why family members are often appointed as CEOs. Advantages and drawbacks of having a family CEO, who tends to concentrate corporate control within the family and minimize ownership dispersion, continue to be debated widely. This study adds to this debate by focusing on the under-researched Jordanian context, where family companies are prominent. A sample of 56 Jordanian listed family firms and 392 firm-year observations for 2009 to 2015 have been used to determine that overall family CEOs are negatively related to corporate performance. This finding is applicable to both accounting-based and market-based performance, stemming from the ROA and Tobin’s Q test results. Further analysis shows an increased negative effect in family firms where non-family shareholders have greater ownership. The study concludes that increases in the level of ownership concentration leads to devaluation among Jordanian family firms.

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JOB SATISFACTION AMONG SMES EMPLOYEES IN FIBRES & TEXTILES OF THE CEE COUNTRIES

Author(s): Małgorzata Smolarek,Łukasz Sułkowski / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2020

Purpose. The purpose of this study is to identify the determinants affecting employees’ professional satisfaction at small and medium-sized enterprises in the fibres and textile industry of the CEE countries. Design/methodology/approach - This empirical research is quantitative. The project investigated employee satisfaction at small and medium-sized enterprises. The sample consists of the data on 295 employees in fibres & textiles. The research was conducted in four countries belonging to the CEE countries, i.e., Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia and Lithuania. Findings - A number of positive answers regarding satisfaction with work corresponds to the social capital index. While assessing the factors affecting job satisfaction, workers’ relations and company communication as well as constancy and stability of employment were positively assessed by the employees. The incentive and remuneration systems in force were evaluated negatively. Research limitations/implications - The study was limited to the selected job satisfaction factors. The size of the research sample was not large enough to generalize the conclusions. The study was conducted using a self-designed questionnaire. Practical implications - Employers in the fibres and textile industry should pay more attention to their workers’ satisfaction, assuming that an increased level of satisfaction can contribute to an increased work efficiency, bringing measurable results. Originality/value – Although there are many studies dedicated to job satisfaction, a relatively limited number of such researches are focused on employees of small and medium-scale enterprises operating in the fibers & textiles branch. The article is, hence, an attempt to fill the aforementioned gap. Conducting the research in more than one country is sufficient enough to learn about the relationship between social capital and employee satisfaction.

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DETERMINING FACTORS IN BECOMING A SUSTAINABLE SMART CITY: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY IN EUROPE

Author(s): María Teresa Nevado Gil,Luísa Carvalho,Inna Paiva / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

This paper aims firstly to identify differences and similarities between cities according to the activities which are necessary to become a smart city and secondly to identify relevant factors that could influence positions in the smart cities ranking. To achieve these goals, this study uses a quantitative analysis applied to 73 European cities to identify the factors that influence differences between smart cities. The results suggest the formation of clusters around European smart cities and also that cities located geographically in the west of Europe and with governance by women present higher levels in the European Smart Cities rankings.

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Отчитане на промените в договорите за оперативен лизинг в условията на пандемия за предприятията, изготвящи финансовите си отчети на базата на Международните счетоводни стандарти

Author(s): Slavi Genov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2021

The purpose of the study is to examine and analyse the main accounting approaches to treatment of operating leases by lessees and lessors, which are affected by the new requirements of IFRS 16. Furthermore, the resulting effects of the current pandemic situation are to be observed. The amendments to IFRS 16 Leasing created reliefs for lessees who applied the new requirements in 2019 and in 2020 should have reported changes in leasing contracts. The issues of reporting a practical expedient treatment introduced are the subject of consideration in the accounting of lessees and lessors. Moreover, the issues of adequate disclosure of approaches and policies are discussed, which in parallel with the practical expedient treatment of changes in leasing contracts provide useful information about the effect that leasing has on the financial condition, financial results and cash flows.

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EVALUATION OF THE SELECTED ECONOMIC PARAMETERS OF CZECH COMPANIES AND THEIR POTENTIAL FOR OVERCOMING GLOBAL CRISES DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

Author(s): Michal Kudej,Beata Gavurova,Zuzana Rowland / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

The aim of the study is to evaluate the potential of Czech companies in overcoming the pandemic crisis caused by Covid-19 on the basis of the selected economic parameters. To achieve this aim, development of Czech companies in the period of 2004-2018 has been analysed, which includes the periods before and during the financial crisis and the period of Czech economy growth. A thorough analysis of this period allows us to create an evaluation platform and formulate the assumptions as to what extent Czech companies are able to cope with another crisis caused by the Covid-19 pandemic. The research sample consists of 25,501 financially stable Czech companies of various sizes. 184,548 pieces of financial data from these companies are analysed using standard statistical methods, namely Kruskal–Wallis test. The results of the analyses show that in the case of Czech companies, the hypothesis of a significant impact of the financial crisis and the subsequent long recovery period is not confirmed. Czech companies show a relatively high resilience to the effects of the financial crisis of 2008 and the ability to overcome this crisis. Government measures to support the economy will play an important role in crisis management processes, enabling companies to survive in the worst stages of their operation and thus bridge the period of revenue losses and other negatives associated with the crisis. Based on the evaluation of the post-crisis development, we can state that Czech companies with appropriate government support will be able to overcome the negative consequences of the pandemic crisis caused by Covid-19. The results of the study have several implications for policy-making and are also beneficial for the development of a methodological platform and the creation of national and international benchmarking indicators.

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BOARD COMPOSITION AND FIRMS’ PROFITABILITY: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY IN INDIA

Author(s): Najib H.S. Farhan,Mosab I. Tabash,Faozi A. Almaqtari,Ali T. Yahya / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2020

The current study aims to assess the effect of board of directors’ composition on the profitability of Indian pharmaceutical companies. The analysis is based on 82 companies, analyzed over ten years, from 2008 to 2017. The least squares regression model is used for analysing the data. One accounting-based measure (return on assets, ROA) and one marketing-based measure (Tobin Q) are used as proxies for firms’ profitability. Leverage, firms’ size and age are used as control variables. The findings reveal that board of directors’ composition as measured by the percentage of independent board members negatively and significantly affects firm’s profitability measured by ROA. On the other hand, board of directors’ composition positively and significantly affects profitability measured by Tobin Q. Furthermore, firms’ size and age positively and significantly impact profitability. This topic is largely neglected by researchers of Indian origin at home and abroad. The present study provides an insight for pharmaceutical companies to consider a high level of professionalism of their board members. Greater board independence could bring more expertise, improving profitability. Accordingly, the current research has implications for board members of pharmaceutical companies, especially government-owned ones.

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BREAKING FOOD SAFETY AND QUALITY STANDARDS IN THE EU: FINANCIAL ASPECTS WITHIN POULTRY PRODUCTS MANUFACTURERS IN VISEGRAD 4 COUNTRIES

Author(s): Andrea Komínková,Jan Vavřina,Josef Polák / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2020

Under changing consumer preferences towards the need to increase qualitative side of food consumption,the level of meeting EU food safety and quality standards can be discussed as a specific factor of competitiveness for food manufacturers. The EU member countries use an information exchange instrument named Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASSF) for sharing information with both public authorities and consumers. An increasing number of food safety and quality problems was observed in the year 2019 regarding the industry branch EU NACE 1012 - poultry meat and poultry meat products in CEEC countries. This paper aims at the identification of common factors in the financial performance of businesses active in the industry mentioned above within Visegrad 4 member countries focusing on a specific distinctive period between 2009 and 2017. The authors employ factorial analysis of variance approach together with a post hoc Scheffé test for revealing similarities/dissimilarities within the selected key financial performance indicators for the sample of poultry meat and poultry meat products manufacturers. Namely, factors to be researched are country of business entities´ settlement, economic size and time proxy variable element of the observed years. The sample consists of different size categories of manufacturers, which were active in the Visegrad 4 countries during the period from 2009 to 2017, to cover both the period of economic downturn and the period of economic growth renewal. The source of harmonized secondary corporate financial data was the database ORBIS of Bureau Van Dijk. The presented results support the need for the existence of the EU food safety and quality policy on both consumers’ side and the side of producers to create and sustain equal and fair competitive environment in this industry. The conducted empirical analysis on financial microbusiness data of poultry meat and poultry meat products manufacturers in V4 countries proved a prevailing cost efficiency and productivity focus before safety and quality of production (measured by the number of the reported incidents in EU RASFF). The authors claim that accessible microfinance data on food manufacturers and their respective branches could help enhance the processes of effects´ identification for safety and quality food governance, not only at the EU level but also at the level of respective EU member countries´ authorities.

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Ujmowanie i pomiar przychodów ze sprzedaży w świetle MSSF 15 i regulacji polskich – analiza porównawcza

Author(s): Jerzy Gierusz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 113/2021

Purpose: The aim of this article is to assess the scale of differences between IFRS 15 and Polish GAAP in terms of revenue recognition. Methodology/approach: The methods used include studies of professional articles and legal acts, including the Polish Accounting Act, Polish Accounting Standards and relevant IAS/IFRS. Findings: The research has proven that Polish regulations can be categorised into two segments. The first segment is KSR 15, which, compared to IFRS 15, contains very similar regulations regarding the general criteria for revenue recognition, including time point and measurement basis. The second segment comprises the Polish Accounting Act and KSR 3, which are based on international standards which are already superseded – IAS 11 and IAS 18, which dealt with revenue recognition over time. Practical implications: The article points out the differences between Polish and international regulation in terms of revenue recognition, which may play an important role for entities changing the basis for preparing their financial statements from Polish GAAP to IFRS. Originality: The article is the first attempt to compare the scale of similarities between the two sets of regulations in terms of revenue measurement and recognition.

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