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Review of: Mudlum. Ümberjutustaja. Tartu: Elusamus, 2017. 302 lk.
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Review of: Mudlum. Ümberjutustaja. Tartu: Elusamus, 2017. 302 lk.
More...infringing on democratic ideals and a cause of worry
Facebook allows users to engage in public discourse. However, debates on social network sites are criticised for damaging democracy by adding to polarisation, limiting perspectives, and promoting a derogatory tone driven by emotion and personal conviction rather than facts. Research has thus far mainly focused on visible participation on Facebook, while the experience of this public space remains under-theorised. This study provides insights into women's user experience of Facebook as an arena for public discourse by conducting qual- itative interviews with 30 female users of Facebook (aged 19-74) in Norway. The findings revealed interpretive repertoires based on deliberative ideals and negativity toward activ- ities that do not adhere to such ideals. However, the results also indicated that worry was a key factor in negotiating these ideals and sometimes unintentionally replacing them with behaviours that may be harmful to public discussion.
More...Analysis of digital news commenters’ verbal aggressiveness and means of linguistics creativity during COVID-19 pandemic in Latvia (2020 – 2021)
The main objective of this interdisciplinary study is to find out if verbal aggressiveness expressed by news commenters on the three largest digital news media (delfi.lv, tvnet.lv, apollo.lv) in Latvia fosters COVID-19 pandemic-related linguistic creativity during two state of emergency periods in Latvia (2020 – 2021). Did the commenters’ dissatisfaction with the course of the pandemic and their response to the news of the pandemic contribute to the creation of new words related to COVID-19? Using data provided by the Index of the Internet Aggressiveness (IIA), a research tool, and employing content analysis to evaluate the comments and pandemic-related words used in the comments, the study concludes that as the level of aggressiveness of commenters spikes, the use of COVID-19-related aggressive keywords and the number of new pandemic-related words increases as well. However, the aggressive words associated with COVID-19 account for a small proportion of commenters’ aggressiveness and incivility during pandemic. The most widely applied word-formation pattern to coin COVID-19 related words is the syntactic word-formation pattern, allowing the commenters to quickly create compound words, one part of which relates to COVID-19, while the other part expresses their attitude and assessment of the pandemic realities. Most of the new words are used only once and do not become a stable part of the commenters’ vocabulary, thus showing the variability, instability, and fragmented character of communication in digital public sphere.
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This study takes a broader look at the news broadcasts of private broadcasters in the Slovak environment. News is an attractive part of any radio station, which, depending on its territorial coverage and focus, adapts the content of information in individual news blocks. The text focuses on the two most listened-to private radio stations in Slovakia, namely Rádio Expres and Fun Rádio, which operate as the two ‘flagships’ of the two largest media houses in Slovakia. The ambition is to identify and define the current trends in commercial radio broadcasting, which are ascertained through the analysis of news blocks at selected specific times, especially in prime-time in November 2021. In total, there were more than 160 news blocks. In the different parts of the research, we focused on the number of news blocks broadcast, the frequency of news that repeats, the genre of the news broadcast, but also on the news presenter’s involvement in the stream of broadcasting, and thus activity outside of their main broadcasting job or position. On the basis of the data obtained, we identify current trends in radio news coverage of commercial broadcasters in Slovakia.
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In addition to the COVID-19 pandemic since 2020, there has been a pandemic of information, disinformation and fake news connected with it, referred to by the World Health Organisation as an “infodemic”. Taking into consideration that timely, accurate and transparent provision of information is highly relevant in facing health risks, the media worldwide have invested into professional coverage of the topic. However, numerous online communication platforms soon became flooded by incorrect, fabricated and sensationalist information. The aim of this study is to comparatively analyse the infodemic in the context of Croatian web portals (112 texts from 23 web portals) in the first and second wave of the pandemic. Using the method of quantitative media content analysis, two foci were developed in the instrument: one connected with the discourse of/on scientists (3 codes) and the other with iterative thematic analysis (6 codes were used to uncover topics – the source, danger, vaccine, protective masks, distancing, immunity). A Chi-square test was used to test the statistical significance of the difference between the two waves of the pandemic/infodemic. The results suggest there are four statistically significant differences – one related to the first focus (quoting scientists is more frequent in the second wave) and three to the second (the topic of the source of the virus is less present in the texts appearing during the second wave of the pandemic, while topics of immunity and danger are significantly more represented in the second wave).
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Democratic systems face several challenges, many of which are based on current societal sentiments. Western societies may enjoy life in prosperity but many of their citizens are dissatisfied as they live in fear of the future. While the established political parties are unable to respond effectively, populist parties work effectively with fear. Thus, populism has been on the rise. Although populism appears in the communication of parties at both ends of the left-right axis, in most cases it is associated with the extreme right. A key element in the success of populist parties is their communication strategy while social media have become an ideal platform for populist political communication. The single-country case study focuses on Czech politics, in which this area was occupied by the Freedom and Direct Democracy Party, led by Tomio Okamura. The study analyses the political communication of the party and of Okamura, especially its content and form.
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The submitted study points to social media and their outstanding position in marketing communication aiming at their impact on consumers’ behaviour. Attention was paid to how individual generations are affected by social media contributions and whether these influencers affect their shopping behaviour. Indeed, social networking sites are a miracle in marketing communication nowadays. Their potential to influence consumers’ behaviour is enormous. Today, almost every business has a profile created on social media such as Instagram, Facebook and YouTube. Businesses can use elements of influencer marketing within social networking, which is considered a modern phenomenon. Although influencer marketing is a relatively new element, it has quickly come to the forefront. It is widely used because it is effective, and the company can build a relationship with potential customers on social media. The present text evaluates the use of social networking sites in marketing communication by companies and their impact on consumers’ behaviour based on a questionnaire survey involving 726 respondents from Generations X, Y and Z. To evaluate the established hypotheses, statistical methods and techniques such as the Chi-square test, Kruskal-Wallis test, Share test with known constant and two-share match test were used. The research results confirmed the significant differences in consumers’ perceptions of corporate social media.
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In recent years, the world has gone through, and continues to go through, periods that no one anticipated, and on the contrary, society excluded as even possible. In 2019, COVID-19 and its global pandemic appeared. In 2022, the war in Ukraine began. The whole world and society in particular, is thus facing a completely new reality and the changes that this reality brings. More than ever, human values and psychological aspects are coming into the centre of interest and attention. Within companies and business, especially marketing and marketing communication must react and adapt to these changes and trends. Their importance is growing primarily as tools for achieving company goals. The branding phenomenon is closely linked to marketing and communication. The brand, its image, persona, values, opinions, attitudes, but also its emotional state and archetype, these are the key factors for its current success and its power. The aim of our study is to describe the current state and trends in the field of marketing and marketing communication in close connection with the brand, which is essential for the success of the company. In the next part our study focuses on the brand primarily from a psychological point of view. The theoretical part is followed by the research part, in which we analyse in detail the studies by Kantar agency, which were focused, on the one hand, on the consumers, changes in their behaviour and decision-making, and on the other hand on the brand, its position and communication in times of crisis. Our objective was to identify key factors and recommendations for these areas that are appropriate and beneficial to apply in business practice.
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The study aims to qualitatively examine the connection between problematic Internet use and academic procrastination and examine the effect of social media on academic procrastination among adolescents. The study is carried out based on an analysis of an interview with five participants. The age range of participants is 17 – 20 years old. Two questionnaires were used during the research: Procrastination Scale for Student Population – PSS and the Problematic and Risky Internet Use Screening Scale (PRIUSS). We also used a semi-structured interview, based on which we conducted case studies. Results showed that social media use might not lead to academic procrastination until it becomes problematic. We concluded that each of the cases describes the connection between the examined variables. In the study, how the subjects used the Internet to counteract performing academic tasks is highlighted. It implies that problematic Internet use is associated with academic procrastination by students.
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Review of: Vjerodostojnost medija: Doba lažnih informacija, ur. Zarfa Hrnjić Kuduzović, Milica Kulić i Jelena Jurišić, Filozofski fakultet Univerziteta u Tuzli, 2019.
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Review of: Sead Alić, Masovna proizvodnja narcizma, Sveučilište Sjever i Centar za filozofiju medija i mediološka istraživanja, Zagreb, 2019.
More...Прво јављање синтагме „српска филозофија”
The paper refers to the beginnings of the academic philosophy in Serbia and to the circumstance that reports about its development. These were the part of the program of the respectable philosophical Hegelian journal Der Gedanke, 1861–1863. It refers to the contributions of Dimitrije Matić and the cooperation of this prominent Serbian philosopher, jurist and politician with the editor of the journal Karl Ludwig Michelet, who was the first to use the expression “Serbian philosophy”. The author reminds us that never later, when the academic philosophy in Serbia realized remarkable progress, a foreign publication followed with such attention and according to plan the philosophical life in Serbia.
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Global crisis events like the coronavirus pandemic can have an effect on the media and the habits of their audience. The need to find information about the virus and imposed restrictions, as well as the intensity of the COVID-19 coverage and the need to verify the truthfulness of news, make people use many different sources of information. People use media in different ways depending on where they live and the type of political regime and model of media system in their country. This paper aims to analyze whether the model of media system affected people’s selection of sources of information on the virus in Poland, Italy, France, Czech Republic, Sweden and the United Kingdom, and if the pandemic could have changed the media consumption. Based on an online survey conducted with 9541 respondents from six countries, and reports on media use in Poland in 2019 and 2020, we argue that the model of media system did not determine the changes we observed in media use. The nature of the pandemic was more important in this respect, and, as our research shows, led to an increase in media use in the studied countries – especially websites and social media. The case of Poland also showed that the use of public service increased, which can be interpreted as the need for the public to learn about the government’s opinions and restrictions, and to verify news found online. The increase in online media and public service use are the most noticeable changes in media consumption in Poland during the pan-demic compared to 2019.
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Many philosophers and sociologists such as Kant, Hegel, Mill, Marx, Arendt, Habermas, Heidegger, Häberle and others write about the public. France Vreg considers the public to be statistically defined social strata, while Philip Kotler defines it as any group that has acurrent or potential interest or influence on the organization's ability to achieve its goals. Jürgen Habermas, the author of one of the most significant studies on the public, defines the concept of the public by placing emphasis on private citizens gathered in the public audience. Relevant scientific literature mentions a whole range of public spheres. In addition to the political public sphere, there are also cultural, scientific and sports public spheres, then the local public, the world public, the internal public audience, the media public audience, the voting public shpere, the parties public sphere, the active public, the qualified public audience, the expert public audience, the general and the partial public audience. The public sphere will be divided depending on which criterion is applied, whether according to the subject, or the way of communication, or the communication space or the specificity of the audience.
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With the development of virtual reality technologies, the research on how human beings interact with this type of audio-video media and their effects has become more and more relevant. Scholarship in the field of 360-degree videos, cinematic VR, and immersive journalism gained momentum within the last year. However, an in-depth understanding of the impact of user engagement with 360-degree videos as well as how the new technologies are adopted is needed. The present research explores the perspective of experts on the present and future of immersive journalism and cinematic VR. In line with previous research, emphasized the key role of spatial and self-presence in the reception of immersive media. Furthermore, they highlighted the role of immersive media in enhancing emotions. Overall, the engagement with immersive journalistic and cinematic VR was described as a memorable experience. The perspective of experts was that memory lasts long after exposure to immersive media and there is a feeling of being in a mediated world that resembles the real world. Even though the relevance of immersive technologies was pointed out, experts highlighted that the penetration of these technologies is rather limited in the German market. However, the experts expressed an optimistic future perspective having in mind that the technology will become more affordable and easier to use.
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This paper focuses on propaganda as a form of one-sided, manipulative communication. We are exposed to various types of manipulation every day. Given that every form of manipulation involves some kind of interest, it is necessary then to tackle the very core of the issue i.e., to clarify the ways in which propaganda works to implicitly reach predetermined and desirable goals. Propaganda, as one of the communicative aspects of manipulation, has got an extremely complex content value and therefore the strongest influence on communication. It is important to note that communication as a category related to propaganda is, as such, mostly considered at the level of social groups, communities and the public. Propaganda communication, therefore, affects public opinion and can change the very course of communication. This paper aims to describe the relationship between propaganda and communication first, while correlating them to some other, similar concepts, such as informing. Further in the paper, we focus on the idea of propaganda as a planned and organized form of manipulation. In the final part, propaganda is considered within a broader framework of communication.
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The development of technology has brought some new forms of communication and placement of information. Media content from the print media has moved to internet platforms, ie web portals and social networks. Thus began the era of online journalism. However, who to trust and how to choose the best quality content when deciding between thousands of similar sites? Credibility is the biggest issue in the business of online journalism. As a rule, all information should be verified, but in many cases this is not the case. That is why journalists often use the word “allegedly”. The advantage is of course the large number of the public who can read the news. The aim of this paper was to determine how the portals Klix.ba, Avaz.ba, Bljesak.info, Večernji.ba, Glassrpske.com and Srpska info are Bosnian. Presented content on coronavirus. The contents were analyzed according to the basic parameters that determine the credibility and objectivity of media reporting.
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Forty years ago, German scientist Elisabeth Noelle – Neumann developed a spiral of silence theory to describe the process of forming public opinion, that is, to explain why some social groups do not express opinions on controversial and moral issues, while other groups do not hesitate to express opinions on the same topics. As part of the theory, Noelle – Neumann set out five hypotheses on which to test the theory of the spiral of silence. The hypotheses are formulated based on prominent theories and basic concepts from the domain of public opinion. Studying the literature and the theoretical starting point on which the empirical research is based on the validation of the assumptions of the theory, we can conclude that the original theoretical scope of the spiral of silence theory was sufficient to determine the concepts that form the backbone of the theoretical basis and the whole research. Through decades of subjecting the theory to numerous studies, the theoretical scope of the spiral of silence has been optimized by additional scientific-theoretical settings. The spiral of silence continues to spark debates among scientists and is applied today in research that most often tests the spiral of silence and its assumptions in the new media environment of online media and social networks. From previous research, it is evident that the theory obviously has some weaknesses and inconsistencies that need to be subjected to further testing.
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The text problematizes, from the perspective of media philosophy, the relationship between the philosophical concept of freedom and the possibility of practicing freedom today in the media.The concept of freedom is one of the central themes of all philosophy, while the media is a newer field of research in philosophical-critical thought. Freedom in the media, which we propose in our article, is understood as a selfevident phenomenon. It is mostly spoken of on the basis of segmented, bureaucratically articulated “standards”that are often reduced to numbers,that is, quantitative criteria. Modern media, which are primarily an industry (mainstream media, Internet, and social networks), and thus quantification, can also hardly contribute to any kind of human emancipation, since they unquestionably serve profit, i.e., large corporate systems. Moreover, they have recently been significantly infused with artificial intelligence, and social networks are the main training ground for its use. Therefore, it is absurd to expect emancipation through algorithms, which are increasingly used in modern media. It should also be emphasized that free journalism has been banished from the media scene, so to speak, if we exclude the few alternative media that are being systematically pushed out of the public sphere. After all, how can modern media be said to be working in the public interest (even for freedom), and Julian Assange, a symbol of the presentation of relevant facts in the global media space, has beenbimprisoned for a decade as a political prisoner or criminal, similar to many others, less known, like him?
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The paper deals with the elements of violent communication in the headlines of daily newspapers in Serbia when it comes to the topic of traffic. Recent media research in Serbia shows a trend of increasing aggressive communication in the media, which has far-reaching consequences for all elements of society. The time sample for which the analysis was performed is the entire year 2020, which was specific because for almost two months a state of emergency was introduced due to the corona virus. The aim of the work is to indicate how much and in what way the use of violent language is noticeable in the daily press, as well as that it is applied in sensitive topics such as the topic of traffic where, according to the standards of professional media ethics, there should be respect for the victims. the injured and their families. The method used for research is content analysis and comparative method. The analysis shows that violent communication dominates in the tabloid media, while it is almost absent in the serious press. Aggressive communication occurs when reporting negative events such as traffic accidents and traffic violations. Jargon language and hyperbole are most often used as a tool for violent communication. Indeed, it was noticed that the topic of traffic is more dominant in the tabloid media. Only the daily newspaper Večernje novosti pays equal attention to news from the black chronicle related to traffic, but also to service information that is important to readers.
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