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The study is based on analysing Praktická žena, a popular women’s magazine that was successful enough to survive the “times of transformation” on the Czechoslovak media market in the 1990s. It is focused on the relationship between the content of the magazine and the official ideology of the 1980s, defining women’s role in the society of that time, women’s everyday life problems and social changes after 1989. The text follows the development of Praktická žena as an ideologically controlled “lifestyle” magazine of the socialist era to the hobby magazine of the present, and deals with the changing evaluating of DIY activities, such as homemaking of clothes and interior decoration, in the Czechoslovak society.
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This paper examines the thematic structure of written media texts published in two national Polish and British dailies, namely Gazeta Wyborcza and The Guardian. The investigation, based on traditional content analysis methods, includes over a thousand articles published between January 14, 2010 and February 10, 2010. The analysis of data includes a study of frequency of occurrence of individual topics. Results are interpreted with reference to Hofstede’s 5D model and Hall’s division of societies into high-context and low-context cultures. The investigation reveals significant correlation between the frequency of occurrence of individual topics and cultural patterns characteristic to na- tional culture, especially in the dimensions of uncertainty avoidance and individualism vs. collectivism. It is argued that the results of the study support a belief that culture wields an influence on language. The author concludes that the impact that culture has on language in press starts at the level of news values the criteria of prominence of media texts.
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Social, political and economic changes experienced by Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries generated a plethora of new problems which are typical to young democracies. Twenty-five years after the abolition of censorship in the majority of CEE states, we pose questions on the current challenges to media freedom in a selection of national cases. Professor Andrei Richter elaborates on the notion of media freedom and the ways in which media freedom might be measured and analyzed in the context of online media and the development of ‘Open Journalism’?
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The view on the communication process as a process in with something is communicated (transmitted), is a collective view and as such must be regarded as a subject to historical changes. This article aims to analyse the metaphorical conceptualizations, which form part of the collective view, and which are important research subjects of communicology. A new division introduced in the article is the distinction between the pre-theoretical and the theoretical metaphorical conceptualization in relation to communication processes. This procedure allows for an analysis of the relationship between pre-theoretical views (conduit, container metaphor) and theoretical ones (transfer metaphor). The author suggests how the introduction of the diachronic perspective to the study of defining of communication helps to better understand the genesis of the modern understanding of communication practices.
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Russian journalism has certain peculiarities based on deeply rooted traditions and state of the modern media system. It has developed a double professional culture; on the one hand it has been serving state interests and on the other hand journalism has been a mission of enlightenment and education in the tradition of the ?intelligentsia?. New technologies drastically affect media work. Since the mid-2000s the introduction of social media challenged journalists? role in society as well as professional practices and norms. This paper discusses an existence of pattern of using social media by Russian journalists based on historical roots and socio-cultural and political background.
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The long peroid of current isolation of Russian researchers from an international context ? due to political reasons – has come to an end. However, their work continues to be relatively unknown abroad. Theoretical concepts from West are poorly suited for understanding of local journalism with its original traditions and professional characteristics. The objective and subjective reasons of such a state of affairs are considered. The Russian research school should take the place of an equal partner in the international community and act according to principles of mutually adventageous exchange. A de – Westernization trend in media studies creates good conditions for this.
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This paper discusses the consequences of news aggregation in mobile applications. These applications retreive news items from the Internet, rank them and subsequently stream in the theme channels automatically. While doing so, they transform the original layout and context of the news. As a result, the news is situated beyond the control of the authors and editors. Is therefore the reference to the news as being “enslaved” justified? The conducted analyses allowed the author to draw different conclusions. News enslavement is abot its being protected against aggregators through licences and paywalls. Antoher question then arises: does observing only selected channels with many newsitems but on a limited number of topics limit or hel the reader? Habing considered all the pros and cons, the balance is positive: mobile applications enable readers’ acces to the news published on small, unknown and local sites.
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This article analyzes the methods of electoral communication during the 2014 European Parliament election in Poland. Are Polish candidates to the European Parliament stuck with the old habits and patterns of communication or habe they adopted all the available technological innovations? Constant technological evolution and increasing Internet usage-rate are not giving the candidates new possibilities to reach potential voters, but they also pose a challenge. By using content analysis, we have analyzed the structure of candidates’ websites and their official Facebook and Twitter profiles. We also analyzed the level of interactivity with candidates’ fans on Facebook and openess to two-way communication on websites a “must” in the late web 2.0 era.
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This paper discusses the rise of citizen journalism in Turkey. By using the example of Otekilerin Postati (The Post of Others) – a Facebook page that makes citizen journalism and collective reporting – it argues that citizen journalism in the country was born because the citizens needed news that was not being reported in mainstream media. The state of Turkish mainstream media became obvious during the Gezi Park protests, where news flow to citizens did not occur especially on the first day, 31 May 2013. The approach of mainstream media opened up alternative ways for news to be disseminate, such as the use of sovial media for receiving news during and ater the events. This chapter will discuss the central importance of citizen journalism by showing the ties between media owners and the Turkish government and the benefits that both enjoy as a result of this relationship, which prevented citizens from having freedom of information.
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The leadership of National Democrats (ND) appreciated the significance of political press publications, creating many party press organs. The leaders of ND headed by Roman Dmowski, Zygmunt Balicki and Jan Ludwik Popławski were themselves experienced editors and publishers of nation-wide and local periodicals. They raised a number of younger political journalists who expanded the press system of ND in the independent Poland. Those journalists proved skilfull in (1) coding and decoding of communiques, (2) using imaginative forms of thinking, (3) quick interpretation of political phenomena and instantenous reacting to them, (4) carrying out languistic negotiations. In the political propaganda battles, ND was capable of employing slogans, using shortcuts and simplifications. The party proved that it was able to use the political language to manipulate social moods and attitudes. The language of political defavourisation in the ND publications was a language of political exclusion. It exclued from the national life members of political groupings which competed with ND (in particular the members of the political group of „Sanacja”), national minorities (mainly Jews and Germans), as well as members of secret associations (masonry) and illegal political parties such as communists. This language built up rigorous conditions and procedures in the conceptions of Polishness, the Nation, national interest, national identity etc. It was to protect the nationalist system of values against enemies: political, ideological, religious, cultural. It reflected the spirit of the historical era with its characteristic socio-cultural, political and economic transformations.
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The subject of this paper is a multimodal presentation of the European Union through written texts published by the media, from Serbian speaking areas, between 2004 and 2014. The analysis of multimodal means was conducted from a social semiotic perspective, by applying multimodal critical discourse analysis, which implies an analysis of the coordinated use of diverse semiotic resources such as language, images, colours and gestures. All the elements whose function is to produce a particular effect on a heterogeneous group of readers or viewers were analysed. The aim of this study is to interpret the manifestation of the European Union ideology in contemporary media in a new way. Therefore, a particular selection of multimodal texts related to this topic was made. The theoretical and methodological framework of the research is critical discourse analysis which deals with language as a form of social practice, which means that it views language within its social context. Since this paper looks at a media discourse of the data collected from the Serbian language, the principle of statistics was applied. As a result, significant information was isolated in the use of language and multimodal elements. In corpus analysis, methods based on hermeneutics were used, particularly the ‘hermeneutic circle’, in which pre-understanding ensures understanding, and prior understanding of the text is being corrected and updated with subsequent understanding of the whole (part-whole relation; whole-individual part relation). The corpus analysis is accompanied by corresponding statistical measures which, expressed both numerically and as a percentage, refer to the representation and frequency of the chosen language and multimodal units in the analysed texts. The research was conducted on the corpus consisting of texts published by the most eminent domestic agencies, publishing or media houses, which were chronologically analysed in order to establish whether the social and political changes in Serbia were reflected in the discourse of the European Union. All the elements of the texts, both language and multimodal, were analysed on the basis of a defined plan and research model made of a three-layer text analysis which comprises a) analysis of language (linguistic analysis), b) image analysis accompanying the discourse and c) gesture analysis (the body language of people in pictures). As all the analysed texts from Serbian speaking areas, show a certain degree of ‘patternising’ in regards to the use of multimodal elements and attitude towards the European Union presented in a text (affirmative, neutral and negative), this paper presents conceptual patterns of texts. The theoretical contribution of this research paper represents the establishing of mathematical correlations which lead to the conclusion that a text message is more precisely encoded if it is followed by multimodal means, and that the greater amount of information obtained by multimodal resources contributes to the intensifying of a text message meaning. Considering the defined relations between multimodal elements and texts, as well as the identified forms and patterns of multimodal texts, this paper can contribute to the creation of diverse marketing materials.
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The Article reflects on the influence and distortion of mass media in modern days. Its original role of a bearer of truth, accurate information and its role, nowadays, used mainly to manipulate the audience to achieve a specific reaction. The overwhelming forces of media are illustrated on the examples of the American conflict with Iraq from 003 to 2010 starting with the World Trade Centre Attack and ending with the opinion of the polish audience concerning the American-Iraqi conflict. The article is divided in two parts, analyzing mass media and the foreign policy of George W. Bush over Iraq after September 11, 2001 and the role of US and Polish media in the process of citizens’ preparation for the conflict in Iraq. The first part approaches the importance of mass media for U.S. foreign policy against Iraq, created by President George W. Bush, especially after the September 11, 2001. It shows also how far society is involved in the maintaining of this policy. The article focuses on the influence of media during conflicts and how the public opinion and military actions influence one another. The second part focused on the supposed role of media to inform and prepare the people for conflicts. Instead, the society is overwhelmed with information so the risk shows, that the necessary news get partially lost. To prove this distortion a survey was made showing an accordance to the given information with different newspapers, radio and TV stations. Regarding the increasing of fear and misleading public opinion the Polish media did not react differently than the American. This process resulted in the opinion of polish society that their military forces should join the conflict in order to protect their freedom and safety.
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Prijelaz iz 19. u 20. stoljeće za Antuna Gustava Matoša (1874. — 1914.) prošao je u bježanju od vojne obveze i četrnaest godina emigracije — prvo u Srbiji, koja mu je pružila »prvo utočište«, a nakon kraćeg zadržavanja u Beču, Münchenu i Ženevi, u Parizu, na Zapadu, za kojim je »žudio i odavna čekao«, pa »da budem bliže Zagrebu, po drugi put u Beograd 1904.« otkuda potajno navraća u Zagreb — i tako sve do amnestije 1908. kada se napokon vraća u domovinu.
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