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İBRAHİM EL-YAZICI VE “EN-NAHDATÜ-L EDEBİ-L ARABΔ

Author(s): Ibrahim Usta / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 13/2012

Ottoman Empire that was containing different ethnic structures suffered major damages to due the nationalism movement that began both in the Balkans and in the Middle East in the aftermath of the French Revolution of 1789. The Arabian met with the idea of nationalism firtstly in Lebanon via a number of Arab Christian authors and philosophers. Ibrahim el-Yazıcı and his colleagues who are known as one of the pioneers of the idea of this movement called as "The Arab Literary Renaissance" tried to spread their ideas with essays and poetry in various journals they issued. In this study, with the aforementioned poet’s brief biography, some examples associated with Arab nationalism in his various poems will be given.

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İZMİR LEVANTENLERİ ÜZERİNE İNCELEME

Author(s): Muharrem Yildiz / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 13/2012

There isn’t a common definition of the concept of the Levantines. Usually, who have settled in the port cities of Ottoman territories for various reasons from the 17th century, are British, Italian, French, Hungarian and Slavic- based communities. Although they aren’t Muslims, by communicating with various cultures, mainly in the social, cultural and economic fields, they’ve been able to live with Muslims. Particularly they have stood out in the commercial activities. During armistice ad occupation, Levantines took part in the Turks against the Greeks. And still, in cities such as Istanbul and Izmir, political and economic activities carry on. Levantines, despite having a significant impact on the Ottoman-Turks, haven’t been searched thoroughly. In the article, Levantines who have been living in Izmir, one of the great port cities, in the time of Ottoman Empire and today, are investigated. This study is discussed by the methods of observation, interview, literature and scanning resources.

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TÜRK DÜNYASININ HABER BÜTÜNLEŞMESİ VE BİLDİRİŞİM VASITASI SORUNU

Author(s): Mirazim Haydarov / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 13/2012

Basit Türklerin yaşam şartları ve yaşam tarzı etkisinde oluşan Türk halklarının moral değerleri onların tarih boyunca yüksek askeri niteliklerine esas olmuştur. Türk toplulukları aslında hareketli ve disiplinli ordulardı. Bunun nedeniyle Türk halkları binlerce yıl boyunca muazzam alanları kapsayan imparatorluklar kurmuşlar. Bu Türklerin Pasifik Okyanusu ve Bengal körfezinden Orta Avrupa ve Magribe kadar topraklarda yerleşim alanını büyütmesini veya egemen tabaka olarak temelleşmesini mümkün kıldı. Orta Çağın çoğu boyunca Orta Avrasya fiilen Türk ve Türk-Moğol imparatorlukları tarafından paylaşılmıştı. Ancak Türk dünyası hiç bir zaman dünya sahnesinde tek bir bütün olarak çıkmamış, bilakis Türk halkları tarafından yaratıla büyük devletler güçlerinin önemli kısmını kendi aralarındaki mücadelelere harcadılar.

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TÜRK ASKERİ MÜZİĞİNİN SAVAŞLARDAKİ YERİ VE ÖNEMİ

Author(s): Timur Vural / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 13/2012

In this study, it is mentioned that military music culture’s historical adventure which based on as old as Turkish History. Military music bands have been with Turkish veterans at every time and these bands have encouraged the soldiers to fight, supreme sacrifice for the country and values which they believe. Sometimes this team has been a tactic of war; sometimes its voice has been mercy for heroes who died in wars. In this study of descriptive research, it is indicated that military music is used for what purpose and it is emphasized the importance of historical process of this team in the light of data obtained from literature.

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KUTADGU BİLİG’İN ÜÇ BOYUTU VE TOPLUM SINIFLANDIRMASI

Author(s): Ali Çavuşoğlu / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 13/2012

One of the first literary books given knowledge about the structures of culture, ethic and thought is Kutadgu Bilig in Turkish Islamic literature. Most important features of the book is being constructed around a hero called Gündoğdu and being a systematic work both for internal and external features. It shows also cultural level that Turcs reached contextually and formally. Yusuf Has Hacib is one of the important men of the era in sociology, political sciences, ethics and religion as it had been understood in his work. He had seen himself responsible about society, state government and had given advise how a good administrator and administration must be. He prepared his work to lead the society as many men of letters and thinker had done. Taking place global values in the work and opinions and judgements overlap with the indications of modern sciences increase the importance of work in addition. Works, experimentals, observations, evidences being made beforehand has a contribution in the healthy progress in every field today. Especially on culture which never will be mentioned as old this contribution grows more. Kutadgu Bilig the headstone of Turkish Islamic culture stand in front of us a concrete example that culture never will be named as old and in every culture there are portions to be benefitted.

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KÖK TÜRKLERDE MÜZĠK

Author(s): Feyzan Göher Vural / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 11/2011

Ġslamiyet‟ten önce Orta Asya‟da kurulan en önemli Türk devletlerinden birisi, adında Türk kelimesinin geçtiği ilk siyasal örgütlenme olan Kök Türklerdir. Kök Türkler, sağlam bir devlet ve toplum yapısı kurmanın yanı sıra, sanatın çeĢitli dallarında ve müzikte de önemli geliĢmeler göstermiĢlerdir. Literatür taramasına dayalı betimsel nitelikli bu çalıĢmada, Kök Türklerin müzik hayatları üzerine bilgiler verilmiĢtir.

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HOW DIGITAL GAMES CAN HELP SENIORS

Author(s): Martin Slivka / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2016

Today, many seniors struggle with issues of isolation and depression, often times having no friends or family around, leading to declines in their mental abilities. Paper aims to eliminate these issues and stereotypes but with a digital twist: how to help seniors become fully functioning members of society and, create inter-generational play – helping grandparents bond with their grandchildren to create common interests – through the use of digital games. The goal is to raise awareness that digital games can improve the quality of life for seniors, improving cognitive skills, and providing social and emotional benefits while encouraging lifelong and continued learning.

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COUNTRY IMAGE AND COUNTRY BRAND BUILDING

Author(s): Veronika Moravčíková / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2016

The paper deals with the issue of creating and building country brand via the so-called nation branding. Creating country brand with an international reach is part of foreign political activities pursued by individual countries. This piece further provides a theoretical background on creation of nation brand and its final perception on various levels, noting that nation brand is one of the chief tools of marketing communication employed by individual countries in their quest to achieve positive perception abroad. In addition, this contribution provides a brief outline of the current situation involving the creation of a country image and nation brand for the Slovak Republic.

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GÜRCİSTAN'DAKİ BORÇALI AZERÎ TÜRKLERİNDE ÂŞIKLIK GELENEĞİ

Author(s): Şureddin Memmedli,Gülnara Gocaeva Mehmmedova / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 14/2012

Gürcistan'da yaşayan Azerî (Karapapak) Türklerinde saz, âşıklık sanatının geliştiği, hem de âşıklığın öz biçimde korunup yaşatıldığı uzmanlarca yüksek değerlendirilmektedir. Makalede Borçalı âşık ekolünün öz geçmişine başvurulur, bu ekolün öncüleri, birincilleri hakkında bilgiler sunulur.

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KAFKASYA VE TÜRKİSTAN’DA ULUS-MODEL KURGULAMALARI

Author(s): Ergin Ayan / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 14/2012

How would we write geo-strategic and combined national histories of the Turk countries? It does not seem possible to determine what do we intend to say when we use the phrase “Turkestan countries” or to prepare a cronology about Turkish World History. Besides we don’t know what are the benefits of such studies. Nevertheless to shape the future relations of Turk countries or at least determine basic cornerstones of the strategic roadmap would be useful. One of the special points of History of the Turkish World is cronologic time. Our interest as a historian is about the past incidents and conversion mechanisms of the social structure. Real value of the history shows itself at making predictions about today and future events.

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«KUTADGU BİLİG» ESAS ALAN KAYNAKLAR

Author(s): Bakytgül Kulzhanova / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 14/2012

IX – XV yüzyıllarda Orta Asyanın kültürel gelişme seviyesi Batı Avrupa ülkelerinden üstün olup, bu devrin Türk halkları için Uyanış Çağı olduğu tarihten malumdur. Özellikle X – XII yüzyıllarda Orta Asya ile Kazakistan halklarının dili ve edebiyatının büyük çapta gelişmesindeki yeni yükseliş, müslümanlar için “ilerleme devri” olmuştu [1, 4]. XI – XII yüzyıllarda Karahanlı devletinin güçlenmesiyle birlikte kültür ve edebiyat yeni bir gelişim seviyesine yükseldi. XI yüzyılda Türk İli – Türkistanın kültürel gelişme seviyesinin daha üstün olduğunu gösteren yadigarlar az değildir. Bu asırlarda yaşamış olan baba Türkler gelecek kuşaklarına çok büyük edebikültürel miras bırakmışlardır. Türklerin manevi-kültürel ve tarihi geçmişinde bu yüzyıllarda yaşamış büyük düşünen fikir ve ilim sahipi şahsiyetler, şairler ve dil uzmanları Türk edebiyatının yükselişine, gelişine ölçülmeyecek kadar emek harcamışlardır. Şöhreti dünyaya yayılmış El-Farabi, Ahmed Yükneki, Yusuf Balasağunlu (Has Hacib), Mahmud Kaşgarlı yapıtları o devirdeki ileri fikrin yüksek zirveleriydi. Ta o zamanlarda “Türkçülük” bayrağını yükselten bilginler, öz yapıtlarıyla dünya edebiyatının ileri gelen şahısları tarafından iyi tanılıyordu.

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Social Dimension and Inequality Problems in the European Union

Author(s): Elena Dubra / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2016

The purpose of this paper is to introduce evaluation of social development convergence between EU–28 member states in the context of the EU cohesion policy. The main tasks of this study is to assess social dimension and inequalities problems in the European states by applying theory of convergence for real estimations social situations in EU countries. Additionally the development challenges are discussed for improvement of the socio–economic well–being of EU states and to avoid social disparities. The research methodology is based on the convergence theory, on the EU strategies, European Commission legitimate documents application, on the calculations and socio–economic forecasts analysis of the welfare level in the EU states. This research present information about various different socio–economic indicators, indexes and scheme of information flows for social situation estimation in the EU states. This study contain changes of key concepts related to the cohesion policy of the European Union and compares objectives and general outlines of period 2014–2020 in the framework of Europe as a whole, as well as its impact on EU member states economics and living conditions. The speed of convergence depends on the initial discrepancy of the development level in the EU states. The efficiency of European convergence policy can also be improved by significant economic growth and by clever choice of the country–specific social activities. This research investigate major information for social situations estimation in EU states as well as GDP growth, population’s income level, unemployment and welfare condition indicators. The key results reflect the overall social situation analysis in the EU countries and present current and future’s European convergence policy’s impact on social development in the European states. The conclusions consist of national social development inequality problems estimations in the EU states and of new challenges of EU convergence and social policy goals.

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TÜRK DÜNYASI VE MİLLETLERARASI ÖRGÜTLER

Author(s): Mehmet Karagül / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 14/2012

İçinde yaşadığımız süreçte uluslararası örgütleri tanımadan mevcut dünya sistemini anlamak mümkün olmadığı gibi, yine söz konusu örgütlerde etkin bir rol alamayan milletlerin küresel sistemde kendi milli çıkarlarını koruyabilmeleri de olası değildir. Dolayısıyla bu bildiri çalışmasında öncelikle uluslararası örgütler teorik düzeyde ele alındıktan sonra Türk Dünyasının parçaları olan milli devletlerin mevcut uluslararası örgütlerdeki konumları ortaya konacaktır. Devamında ise Türk Cumhuriyetlerinin bölgesel ve küresel ölçekte daha etkin bir rol alabilmeleri için uluslararası örgütlerle olan ilişkilerini yeniden ele alması konuları irdelenecektir. Bu çerçevede, Türk Cumhuriyetlerinin bölgesel ölçekte kendi aralarında oluşturacakları örgütlerde özellikle karşılıklı çıkara dayalı bir sisteme oturması gerekliliği ortaya konacaktır.

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ÇOCUK EDEBİYATININ GELİŞİM VE KALIPLAŞMA DEVRİ

Author(s): Rısgül Abilhamitkizi / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 14/2012

Çocuk edebiyatı Kazak edebiyatının bir dalıdır. Onun kendine has gelişme, ilerleme yolları vardır. Önce genel edebiyat miraslarıyla birlikte geliştiyse sonradan ayrılırak kendi özellikleriyle tanınmaya başladı. Çocukların yaş seviyesi, eğitimöğrenim özellikleri, psikolojik gelişim süreçleri dikkate alındı.

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TÜRK DEVLET VE TOPLULUKLARININ ORTAK ALFABEYE ZAMAN KAYBETMEDEN GEÇMELERİNDE YARAR VARDIR

Author(s): Rasim Özyurek / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 14/2012

Sovyetler Birliği’nin 1991 yılında dağılmasıyla Azerbaycanlılar, Kazaklar,Kırgızlar, Özbekler, Türkmenler bağımsızlıklarını kazanmışlar. Kendi devletlerini kurmuşlardır. Türk dünyasında aynı dili kullanan soydaşlarımız birbirlerinden bağımsız olarak hareket etmemişlerdir. Birçok alanda birbirleriyle işbirliği içinde olmak için olağan üstü gayret göstermişlerdir. Bilindiği gibi Türk devlet ve topluluklarında yaygın bir biçimde kullanılan lehçe Oğuz Lehçesidir. Türk nüfusunun yüzde altmış beşi Oğuz grubundan olduğunu hepimiz iyi biliriz.

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ÇİN HALK CUMHURİYETİ

Author(s): Mehtap Altunsabak,Ayşe ÇAPKIN / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 14/2012

Avrupa’da bulunan bir Uzakdoğu ülkesidir. Nüfus sayımlarına göre dünyanın en kalabalık ülkesidir. Ülkenin başkenti pekindir. Yüzölçümü itibariyle dünyanın üçüncü, nüfus itibariyle en büyük Güney Doğu Asya ülkesi, Doğusunda Güney Kore, kuzeydoğusunda ve kuzeybatısının da Rusya, kuzeyde Moğolistan, güneybatıda Afganistan ve Pakistan, güneyde Hindistan, Nepal, Butan, Birmanya, Laos ve Kuzey Vietnam, doğusunda ise Büyük Okyanus ile çevrilidir.

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“The more things change the more they stay the same”: Decision-making in Zimbabwean transnational families

Author(s): Admire Chereni / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2014

Whereas studies have documented socio-cultural changes connected to migration dynamics, there is a dearth of knowledge about decision-making in transnational families. This article seeks to understand transformations in decision-making in six Zimbabwean transnational families. This is done by examining qualitative data generated through semi-structured interviews with members of the migrant families. While accentuating the need for more research on interpersonal processes in transnational families, the article illustrates that shifts in gender roles may occur alongside gender-normative behaviours that maintain women in subordinate decision-making roles.

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Първи април в музея. Изграждане на желани образи, търсене на публики и политики за достъп до наследството

Author(s): Nikolay Nenov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2016

The article directs attention towards the images constructed in the museum, implementation of new policies of access to heritage and attraction of new and diverse audiences. The emphasis is on the intellectual provocations of the audience, the development of mobility of collections in Bulgaria, as well as the opening of the museum collections to wider audiences. The analysis is illustrated with examples of effective museum strategies bringing the society and the museum activities closer to each other, the turning of the museum into a place for interactive work, the maintaining of memory and access to new knowledge. With the assistance of the particular “breach” in time – April Fools’ Day, the text searches the place of the Bulgarian museums by way of analyzing of the extreme “media” presence of the visiting exhibitions from the museums of Orhan Pamuk or Dubravka Ugrešić. These mock visits turn into an intellectual provocation for the audience and help to construct desired images in the museum.

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Музеите – видими и невидими участници в туристическите изложения

Author(s): Sonya Alexieva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2016

The participation of key audiences in the most prestigious tourism and travel expositions, trade fairs and forums is an opportunity to present the best practices in Bulgarian tourism and to promote a wide range of tangible and intangible heritage. Museums as visible or invisible participants in these expositions have embarked on a difficult journey to gain credibility with both organizers and customers. On the one hand, participants and visitors meet at these events which are the most popular ones in the field of tourism to exchange information on unique events, festivals, museum collections, and handicrafts and, on the other hand, they communicate stories, legends, and mysteries increasing the tourist’ interest and knowledge.

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Eros i Psyche. Mit opowiedziany na nowo

Author(s): Edyta Szczurek-Maksymiuk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 7/2014

Till we have faces: The myth retold is the last novel by C.S. Lewis, who was one of the greatest Christian writers in the twentieth century. The novel tells the story of Orual, daughter of king of Glome, which is a little barbarian country that lies behind the borders of the Hellenistic world. The story is based upon the myth of Cupid and Psyche. The first written version of this myth appears in the chapter of The golden ass by Apuleius. Lewis himself makes a statement in afterword of his book that he “felt quite free to go behind Apuleius”. Apuleius was rather a transmitter than inventor of the tale in Lewis’s opinion. As he says later “[Apuleius] in relation to my work he is a source, not an influence nor model”. Till we have faces is a re-telling of the myth of Cupid and Psyche from the point of view of Orual, Psyche’s ugly sister. I decided to point out differences and similarities in the telling of the tale of Cupid and Psyche by Apuleius and by Lewis. Generally the plot is the same. In both versions there are symbols easy to point out: Psyche as a Soul, Cupid as a Love, Venus-Ungit and also Redival as a Flesh and Orual as something between Psyche and her younger sister, Redival. There are some threads treated differently, as for example jealousy of gods and Psyche’s sisters. Psyche’s sisters in The golden ass are jealous of Psyche’s wealth, her palace and the fact that she is probably married to god. Therefore they decide to take her happiness away by deceiving her. In Till we have faces Orual is jealous of Psyche herself and her love. She thinks that gods have taken Psyche from her and therefore she writes accusation against them. The most important difference is that Orual cannot see Psyche’s palace. As Lewis says in his afterword: “The central alteration in my own version consists in making Psyche’s palace invisible to normal, mortal eyes – if making is not the wrong word for something which forced itself upon me, almost at my first reading of the story, as the way the thing must have been. This change of course brings with it a more ambivalent motive and a different character for my heroine and finally modifies the whole quality of the tale.” Despite differences both tales tell about a union with God. In Apuleius’ version Psyche, after her service for Venus, is united with Cupid. In the ending of Till we have faces Orual is united with Psyche and gods. Also both stories are about journey. In The golden ass there is a spirit journey to a union with god, which one can achieve through beauty. In Till we have faces there is no allegorical journey, but Orual makes her way to self-understanding by writing a book about her fight with gods. In the end she meets God face to face and gains peace.

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