Sećanje na ratne zločine: mogu li žrtve da govore?

Author(s): Obrad Savić / Language(s): English,Serbian Issue: 1-4/2006

In the text, Memory of War Crimes: Can the Victims Speak? I proceed from a foundational belief that political evil should be dealt with in the absence of denial, submissive bearing and silence. In the first section, Can the Victims Speak? I will articulate the position of victims, their undisputable right to dignity, truth, justice and reparation.

Dobývání kriminality: Reflexe viktimizačního šetření v českých sociálně vyloučených lokalitách

Author(s): Václav Walach,Petr Kupka,Ľubomír Lupták,Kateřina Tvrdá,Laco Toušek,Alica Brendzová,Ondřej Plachý,Klára Vanková,Tereza Dvořáková / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2019

In the present article, we reflect on the victimization survey conducted as part of the research project BRIZOLIT (Security Risks in Socially Excluded Localities). Our main focus is on the methodological, epistemological and ethical problems which appeared during the survey among inhabitants ofthe so-called socially excluded localities in April — August 2016. More specifically, we will deal withthe issues related to the construction of our research object, interviewing strategies, as well as problems of validity of survey data with regard to the complex processes of victimization in socially excluded localities. In other words, we will try to answer three rather basic questions: „Who did weresearch? How did we do it? How did we record our findings?“ and hope to provide clues for futureresearchers facing similar problems.

A Combined Model of Ecological Systems Theory and Social Learning Theory to Understand the Acquisition of Intimate Partner Violence

Author(s): Xiaomin Sheng / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2020

Intimate partner violence (IPV for short), like other aggressive and abusive behaviors, is acquired from observing, interacting with, and engaging in a social environment. Once this violent behavior is learned, it will persistently resort as a way to resolve interpersonal issues during the life trajectories of an individual. Therefore, in order to prevent IPV from being acquired from the risky social environment, it is necessary to look at the trigger factors that can lead an individual into perpetuating or accepting IPV within the context he or she is growing up. To do so, Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems theory (EST) will provide an examination of how an individual’s complex inter-relationships within the five layers’ environmental systems (miro-, meso-, exo-, macro-, and chronosystems) can result in his or her tendency to form IPV behaviors. Similar to Bronfenbrenner’s EST, Aker’s social learning theory (SLT) also argues that an individual’s interactions with others provide the context in which the IPV learning process occurs. While different from Bronfenbrenner’s EST, Aker’s SLT exposes an individual’s cognitive learning process that either favor or against an observed behavior and whether or not to imitate it. Therefore, this paper attempts to combine Bronfenbrenner’s EST and Aker’s SLT to provide a theoretical model from which the knowledge in the field of IPV is constructed and to establish a theoretical explanation of an individual’s IPV behaviors acquisition.

Domestic Violence: The Situation Assessment of Crimes Victims with Disabilities

Author(s): Rokas Uscila / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 2/2020

The aim of this article is to reveal situation and level of the victimization of persons with disabilities in Lithuania, also to present the victimology characteristics of victims with disabilities and to formulate proposals, recommendations for the development of help and support system.The article presents an analysis of victims’ statistics, still very fragmental data on the violent victimization of victims with disabilities, its prevalence, and dynamics for 2013–2019 years. The victimological discourse presents and analyses the victimization of victims, their risk and the likelihood of becoming victims. The emphasis is put on the situation of women with disabilities,which requires a review of the scope, specialization, and accessibility of services provided to victims. The research shows that the current practice of law enforcement institutions does not focus on the assessment of the situation of victims with disabilities, they remain unidentified, and so the latency of their victimization processes is extremely high. This is evidenced by the comparison of statistical data with international victimological research. Thus, there is an emphasis on the extremely high vulnerability of victims with disabilities, which should lead to more attention for this category of victims by identifying them, investigating and ensuring their protection, providing quality services and support.

VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN IN NORTH MACEDONIA: Period of Analysis 2018-2019

Author(s): Ali Musliu / Language(s): English Issue: 13-14/2020

Violence against women is widely accepted as normal, and it is underreported in the Republic of North Macedonia. The negative developments of domestic violence in North Macedonia include that nearly half of all women believe that domestic violence is a private matter, and that three in ten believe that victims exaggerate claims of abuse or rape. To combat this situation, North Macedonia on 23.03.2018 became the 29th state to ratify the Istanbul Convention. The convention entered into force on July 1st, 2018. North Macedonia was amongst the first to sign this convention on July 8th, 2011. After ratification the Ministry of Labour and Social Policy adopted the Action Plan for implementation on October 9th, 2018. The plan entails preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence for the period from 2018 to 2023. This paper will put emphasize to the implementation process of the Istanbul Convention in the North Macedonia, and derivation of legal obligation and needed actions to fully implement the convention. Also, paper analyze current situation of shelters services in the state level. We argue that A lack of shelters and the financial sustainability of existing services are crucial problems. There are not enough shelters, and they do not have sustainable funding. There are a lot of barriers to women accepting existing shelters. Women from rural areas are at increased risk due to their distance from support services and lack of financial independence.

ŞİDDET VE TELEVİZYON: ŞİDDETİN TELEVİZYON ÜZERİNDEN DENEYİMLENMESİ

Author(s): Saniye Vatandaş / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 17/2021

Since both the perpetrator and victim of violence is the human being, there is violence almost everywhere where people are. Violence is therefore synchronous with the Since both the pe rpetrator and victim of violence is the human being, there is violence almost everywhere where people are. Violence is therefore synchronous with the history of humanity and it constitutes an individual and social phenomenon that people ought to struggle c onstantly with. Violence, previously experienced mostly in daily life, has recently become widespread enough to fill in almost every aspect of human existence due to the rise of mass media, especially cinema, television, and the internet. Television plays a primary role in mass media with regard to the emergence and spreading of violence because it has a relatively long history compared to the internet and is more commonly and intensely watched compared to cinema. Violence on television affects every indivi dual, including children who, with their extremely vulnerable social position, can easily transform the elements of violence, which they encounter on television, into a model of existence.

Application and coherence of the model of restorative justice in Europe

Author(s): Antonio Iudici,Elena Faccio,Jessica Neri / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

Even in a spirited debate about its effectiveness and sustainability, restorative justice is now considered a new systematic legal proposal. The requirements of this meta-model include a criminal phenomenon through relational and inter-subjective reading, considering the crime in terms of injury to people. Also, they pose considerable attention to the needs of the victim and programme restorative actions on authors of the crime. This approach is sometimes considered difficult to apply. Starting from the legal environment to existing literature, this research investigates the coherence between the metatheoretical framework of reparative justice and some operational practices implemented in different European countries. With a systematic review of practices considered, it has outlined the state of the art of its application, describing critical issues and strengths, as well as providing important points, to be considered for theorists, professionals and experts involved in the development of alternative models to punishment.

PREGLED UPOTREBE PASIVNIH SENZORSKIH SUSTAVA U DETEKCIJI I BORBI PROTIV ŠUMSKIH POŽARA

Author(s): Amer Smailbegović / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 2/2021

The report presents an overview of certain technical advances in the realm of wildland fire detection and monitoring with the use of new multi-sensor passive surveillance systems that can be land-based or airborne. Using the basic observable signatures of fire (light, smoke, heat), modern photocell or heat-sensing infrared detectors can spot fires from a considerable distance and allow for their early detection, sense of direction and spread as well as the effectiveness of applied suppression methods. Most fires in Bosnia-Herzegovina are often in an inaccessible and rugged, mountainous terrains, frequently in unsafe areas that are mined, littered with unexploded ordnance or are otherwise too dangerous for access and any firefighting procedures, hence the aerial action remains the preferred option. Described sensor systems can be adapted to the requirements and capabilities of various organizations and can offer significant advantages in firefighting, especially within a complex operating environment such as BiH. The use of infrared sensors should be particularly considered when planning for and procuring aerial surveillance and suppression equipment as described in the previous studies. With relatively little investment in equipment procurement and training, firefighting procedures and approaches can be significantly improved at various levels of the organizational command chain.

Restorative Justice: Victim’s Needs and Compensation Policy Potentials

Author(s): Zoran Pajić / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2009

Second Class Victims

Author(s): Sandra Orlović / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2009

Restorativna pravda: potrebe žrtava i mogući dometi politike obeštećenja žrtava u praksi

Author(s): Zoran Pajić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2009

Žrtve drugog reda

Author(s): Sandra Orlović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2009

VIOLENCE AGAINST PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES: THE “DARK NUMBER” OF CRIME

Author(s): Filip Mirić,Aleksandra Nikolajević / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2021

People with disabilities are a particularly vulnerable to victimization by violence. This risk increases due to their dependence on other family members. This negative phenomenon has to be observed not only from the criminological perspective but also from the sociological perspective because violence does not happen outside the society. In this paper, the authors will indicate the “dark number” of crime of violence against people with disabilities, with specific reference to violence against people with mental disabilities in residential institutions. The aim of this paper is to point out to possible social responses to violence against people with disabilities.

КРИВИЧНО-ПРАВНА ЗАШТИТА НА ДЕЦАТА ОД СЕКСУАЛНО НАСИЛСТВО

Author(s): Nataša Todorovska,Stefan Budzakoski / Language(s): Macedonian Issue: 16/2021

Children are often the victims of various forms of abuse that can occur such as sexual, domestic, psychological violence and the like. What is needed is a priority for the parents and the institutions and protection of the identity of the children as well as taking all the steps that should help in the process of rehabilitation of this type of victims. It is not uncommon for children to hide it for years and not report sexual abuse or harassment that has lasting consequences for their psycho-logical development. Our country in its legislation places these types of abuses in the substantive criminal legislation as well as the special ways of dealing with these victims through special guarantees provided in the criminal procedure legislation.

OPERATIVNO TAKTIČKO - TEHNIČKE MJERE TRAGANJA ZA NESTALIM OSOBAMA

Author(s): Mia Šćuk / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 1/2022

The disappearance of persons, as one of the significant social problems of today, is attracting a lot of attention from the police professions, but also from the public. The public (citizens, media) pays special attention to reports of the disappearance of children and minors, and this is one of the reasons why the work of the police is often criticized and under pressure. and this is the reason why police work is often criticized and under pressure. The situation of a missing person is not defined in the existing legal provisions in the legislation of BiH, which affects the search for missing persons. This situation is being judged by the police officer in each case based on his own experience, knowledge, attitude, his ability of identification, but it is also based on the reviewing of initial information which is often given by the person who reported the disappearance. Although the operational work of police officers at first glance it seems simple, it is a very complex process composed of many procedures, dilemmas, questions, objective-subjective obstacles and the like.This paper directly shows the complexity of this professional work when it comes to the segment of taking operational tactical-technical measures.In the first stage of the investigation, the person who reported the disappearance of another person is the first, the main and most important source of information. The key to an efficient investigation is that the report of disappearance is adequately filled with true data. Based on this data, police officers start operational and technical measures of searching for a missing person, such as the plan of searching, searching the field, collecting notes from other persons, organization of surveillance, constant monitoring of certain records, strategies and media relations .Even though a lot of missing persons are found after the criminal investigation, there is a great number of mysterious disappearances that unfortunately end up with no success in finding the person or with murderSuch cases are present every day, both in our country and in the region, which is why the efficiency and expediency of police officers in applying operational tactical-technical measures is the key to finding a missing person.

Zachowania suicydalne w opinii młodzieży licealnej (wybrane aspekty). Sprawozdanie z badań empirycznych

Author(s): Natalia Wojak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2022

Currently, we live in conditions known as a risk society, in which, apart from various amenities, our everyday life and related attitudes and behaviors are exposed to increasing uncertainty and crises – including suicidal behavior. The subject discussed in this report is set in the context of the confusion of contemporary youth and concerns the suicidality of young people as one of the manifestations of social and identity disintegration and the breakdown of social control. The study summarizes the results of one of the stages of the author’s research, in this case as a questionnaire. The opinions of high school students about suicide, including its determinants, consequences, the range of impact on the youth community and post-emergency actions, are presented.

When the judiciary disbelieves the victim: Stereotypes and their influence on assessments of the credibility of victims of sexual abuse – a case study

Author(s): Małgorzata Wojciechowska / Language(s): English Issue: 129/2022

This paper addresses the psychological assessment of victims and the credibility of their statements in cases of child sexual abuse. With reference to the presence of manifestations of stress and to how victims behave when giving a statement, it discusses issues associated with assessment in such cases. It then considers existing inventories of possible physical and psychological consequences of sexual abuse and the frequency of PTSD symptoms among victims, before examining how these manifestations are modified by the context of the abuse, the characteristics of the offender, the characteristics of the victim, and how those in the victims’ life contexts react to disclosure of the abuse. Finally, the paper presents a case study illustrating these issues.

Czym jest sprawiedliwość naprawcza? Istota i zarys problematyki

Author(s): Magdalena Łukawska-Malicka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2022

The subject of the article is the issue of restorative justice. The essence and exemplary definitions were presented to answer the question of what restorative justice is. Selected instruments are characterized, including mediation, negotiations and restorative justice conferences, which strengthen the position of the victim and allow the perpetrator to mitigate the consequences of the committed crime. Some elements of mediation and negotiation are characterized, with particular emphasis on redress and reconciliation. In these solutions, the conflict is handed over to the entities most interested in resolving the case, and the positive effects of the corrective procedures are visible not only for the aggrieved party and the perpetrator but also for society.

Childhood Sexual Abuse (CSA): moving past the taboo and into the postcolonial

Author(s): KORINNA MCROBERT / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

This paper defines the practice of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) specifically, explaining the choice of words and giving accepted definitions, as well as offering a definition of its own, i.e. that CSA is the disempowering and overpowering of children through sexual means. The paper aims to give an overview of the societal factors contributing to how CSA is framed and received in mainstream society. Throughout this piece of writing the concept of a taboo is used as an analytical category. The paper aims at presenting a wide-ranging view of the practice of CSA, using the writer’s main societal reference point, that of the Anglo world, specifically calling on examples from the United Kingdom (UK) to contextualise the argument. The discussion frames CSA as a taboo, illustrating this through historical inquiry, with a focus on the evolution of morality surrounding the sexuality of children and the nature of acceptable sexual relations during the period of childhood. A (CSA) survivor perspective is offered in the form of personal biographical confession, as well as survivor narratives that are explored more broadly, pointing to those that society deems acceptable, or not. A triangulation between the taboo nature of the practice, the stigma it generates and the effect it has on childhood is drawn up. The impending effects of shame in processing CSA are explored in respect to disclosure and rehabilitation for those disclosing, but also for those being disclosed to, and society at large. Finally, a nuanced postcolonial approach is proposed, whereby CSA is framed as an invasion or overpowering of a body in much the same way one nation-state invades, land-grabs or takes legislative and governmental control over another landmass during the process of colonisation.

Pupils’ view on socio-pathological phenomena

Author(s): Jan Viktorin / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

The main goal of the research was to determine the degree of occurrence and prevention of socio-pathological phenomena in primary school pupils established according to Paragraph 16, Section 9 of the Education Act. Based on the main goal, partial goals were set, which were focused mainly on finding the most common socio-pathological phenomena at the primary school established according to Paragraph 16, Section 9 of the Education Act, as well as how pupils perceive primary prevention at the primary school established according to Paragraph 16, Section 9 of the Education Act, and which topics in the field of prevention of socio-pathological phenomena are most often dealt with by teachers, educators, parents and legal guardians at the primary school established according to Paragraph 16, Section 9 of the Education Act. Three hypotheses were based on the goals given, which were verified in a research survey. To achieve the objective of the research survey, a quantitative method was used in the form of a self-designed questionnaire. The sample consisted of 83 respondents who participated in the research survey. The research survey showed that the appearance of socio-pathological phenomena in pupils in selected primary schools established according to Paragraph 16, Section 9 of the Education Act is more frequent than expected. Most of the pupils in selected primary schools face socio-pathological phenomena, most of them substance abuse and aggressive behavior. On the other hand, the issue of cyberbullying occurs the least among primary school pupils established according to Paragraph 16, Section 9 of the Education Act. From the point of view of pupils, primary prevention in selected primary schools is sufficient.