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ISTORIJA KONTROLE RAĐANJA U SRBIJI: SPREČAVANJE I/ILI PREKID TRUDNOĆE

Author(s): Rada Drezgić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 3/2016

This text gives a brief survey of history of fertility control in Serbia from the 19th century to present. Special attention is given to the mid 20th century, the period during which currently still prevalent model of fertility control has been constituted in Serbia. This model is marked by a combination of behavioral methods and abortion, as a backup method. The author scrutinizes structural and ideological features from different levels of social organization that have framed this model of family planning and examines its advantages over medical contraception from the users’ perspective. Finally, the text discusses the ambivalent status of abortion in society which has been at the same time rather widespread and normalized method of birth control and stigmatized.

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„Ще си затворя очите и ще опитам“ (бедността като фактор за въвличането в трафик на хора)

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„Ще си затворя очите и ще опитам“ (бедността като фактор за въвличането в трафик на хора)

Author(s): Alexey Pamporov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2019

The current article discusses the research outcomes of series case studies on pre-identification of trafficking in human beings in segregated ethnic quarters in seven settlements in Bulgaria. The research methodology bases on mixed methods approach of randomized samples among households with extensive migratory experience abroad and focused group discussions with such a migrants, grounded on gender-sensitive vignette questions. Based on the quantitative dimension the economic deprivation and poverty are illustrated. Base on the quantitative finding a typology of involvement is build, considering sham marriages of single mothers (after child marriage); commercial sex services of married women forced by their husbands or within the extended family; informal commercial sex services of male heads of households; and baby-trade in the large families.

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Cучасні світові тенденції злочинності

Author(s): Olena Shostko,O.M. Podіlchak / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 148/2020

The article describes the spread of crime and its specific classes in the world and in the regions. It is established that in most countries there is a steady tendency to decrease relative crime rates, first of all, violent crime rates. Over the past 25 years, the homicide rates in the world have been gradually decreasing. At the same time, absolute figures for the number of victims of these crimes are on the rise. According to the UN, the intentional homicide rates in Asia in 2017 are the lowest in the world (2.3 per 100,000 population), the highest rate are in South America (25). In the EU Member States from 2008 to 2017, the number of motor vehicle thefts and assaults has decreased significantly. Although the number of crimes is decreasing, the world community has faced a new configuration of crime. Cyber crime, organized crime, including drug trafficking, is on the rise. These crimes are, for the most part, transnational.In Ukraine, the crime rate increased from 780 per 100,000 populations in 1991 to 1054 in 2019. The absolute number of reported crimes in Ukraine in 1991 was 405,516, in 2019 – 444,130. Ukraine's rate of intentional homicide per 100,000 population decreases: 2014 – 10.8, 2015 – 7.5; 2016 – 4.3; 2017 – 3.8; 2018 – 3.6; 2019 – 3.5.The increase in homicide rates in 2014-2015 is related to Russia's military aggression against Ukraine and the large number of people killed in the hostilities.The perception of crime depends largely on media coverage of the issue. Public opinion polls show that respondents believe that crime in the country is increasing at the national level even when official data and victim surveys indicate that it is decreasing. In many countries around the world, official reporting is compared to alternative sources of crime information, including National victimization surveys. Representative victim surveys should be conducted at a national level to verify and supplement official report in Ukraine.

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TÜRKİYE’DEKİ SOMALİLİ GENÇLERİN GÖZÜNDEN KADIN GENİTAL MUTİLASYONU BİR İNSAN HAKLARI İHLALİ MİDİR?

Author(s): Betül Akalin / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 47/2020

Female genital mutilation, also known as female circumcision in literature, is defined as the surgical alteration involving partial or complete removal of the external female genitalia for non-medical reasons. This practice, usually carried out at an early age, can be observed in countries with different religions. It is mostly carried out due to traditional reasons and has many negative consequences. It is considered as a violation of women's human rights, the right to access the highest health standards, children's rights, discrimination, and fundamental inequality between genders. Despite these labels, the number has not decreased significantly worldwide, and according to researches, one-fourth of the 52 million women undergo female genital mutilation, which turns this practice into a medical fact. Somalia is one of the countries where the practice is mostly common. The main objective of this study is to determine how the issue of female circumcision is perceived by the young Somalis who come to Turkey for educational purposes. With the questions prepared within the scope of the study, the approach of young people to the subject is discussed. In the study, it has been determined that although women are the potential victims, they are more inclined to undergo the practice than men and that they do not regard it as a human rights violation. It has been concluded that different interpretation and perception of circumcision practice by both genders will support the fight against female circumcision, in addition to informing about the harms for health, in which social public information, where males are also let to express their point of view against circumcision and take a stance against patriarchal-based thinking ingrained in society.

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Traumatic bonding in intimate partner violence: A Relational Family Therapy approach

Author(s): Barbara Simonič,Elżbieta Osewska / Language(s): English Issue: 9/2019

Intimate partner violence is defined as a form of violence where, in an intimate relationship, physical or psychological acts of violence are committed by a partner or spouse against the other partner or spouse. All of these actions are accompanied by extremely emotional dynamics, which is paradoxical, as we would expect that with the gravity of abusive and violent acts the victims will understand the need for self-protection and appropriate measures. There is a strong emotional bond between the victim and the abuser, which authors call traumatic bonding. It is an emotional dependence between two people in a relationship that is characterized by the feelings of intense connectedness, cognitive distortion and behavioural strategies of both individuals that paradoxically strengthen and maintain the bond, which is reflected in a vicious cycle of violence. The termination of such a relationship or the departure from it, because of the activation of attachment system, seems risky, since the victim seeks refuge in the state of perceived danger, but experiences that - after the outbreak of violence calms down - the refuge is paradoxically offered by the bully. Here we can recognize a pattern of dysfunctional affect regulation that falsely calms difficult (basic) affects and maintains a violent relationship. From the viewpoint of Relational Family Therapy, it is therefore necessary for victims that after breaking off a violent relationship or leaving it they face their painful basic affects and develop proper regulation of these, otherwise they will remain committed to this kind of relationship. Using the case study method, the paper describes the case of a client after she left a violent intimate relationship, with an emphasis on the demonstration of traumatic bonding dynamics and the resolution of their consequences in Relational Family Therapy.

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Moving beyond the risk paradigm: Using the Good Lives Model with offenders in denial of sexual offending

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Moving beyond the risk paradigm: Using the Good Lives Model with offenders in denial of sexual offending

Author(s): Jill Dealey / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2018

Denial of sexual offending is complex, and can hinder the development of a positive working relationship between an offender and the probation officer managing their case; it can also impact on the offender’s wider life experience as they are stranded between their past offending and creating a new offence-free life. The theory of the Good Lives Model can be used as a tool to reduce both the tensions in this professional relationship and enable the offender to move forward, both in addressing their behaviour and establishing a non-offending life.

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POKRZYWDZONY JAKO ŹRÓDŁO DOWODOWE W POSTĘPOWANIU KARNYM

Author(s): Paweł Czarnecki / Language(s): Polish Issue: 24/2019

The article discusses the postulate of increasing the victim's significance in criminal proceedings, with particular regard to the principle of respect for their dignity. At the outset, the rights and duties of the aggrieved party and the concept of source of evidence in criminal proceedings were presented. The author pointed out that the aggrieved party is only the source of information in criminal proceedings. The purpose of the article is to indicate that in a Polish criminal trial the aggrieved party does not have sufficient protection of their rights. The author presents a procedure for interrogating an adult victim and witness, interviewing a minor victim and activities involving their participation. In the final conclusions, he proposes that the provisions of the Code of Criminal Procedure should introduce an obligation to obtain consent to carry out acts of evidence involving the aggrieved party and to add a ban on the hearing of witnesses who are under 7 years old.

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ПРЕВЕНЦИЈА НАСИЉА НАД ДЕЦОМ

Author(s): Sunčica Dimitrijoska / Language(s): English Issue: 5/2020

As stipulated in Article 19, paragraph 1 The UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, „violence“ may be „all forms of physical or mental violence, injury or abuse, neglect or negligent treatment, maltreatment or exploitation, including sexual abuse". Violence does not recognize any cultural or social differences and is not necessarily always reflected in the same form. No matter in what conditions or forms it occurs, violence leaves behind long-term, devastating, and indelible consequences. In developed countries, the problem of violence is considered a national problem and there are programs that coordinate different sectors of the society (education, health, justice, social work and others) that carry out various synchronized activities and take various measures to restrain and prevent violence against children. In the literature you can find suggestions for programs designed to prevent or reduce violence against children, but also treatment of emotional and behavioral problems in children and adolescents. Prevention should contribute for raising public awareness on the situation of violence against children, familiarizing the citizens with the rights of children and a healthy family, successful parenting, protection of children from addictions, perceiving and overcoming problems related to education and upbringing of children. The analysis of the data collected by associations of citizens indicates that we can draw a conclusion that there is a harmonization of the national legal framework with international documents and standards on children's rights and their protection, and above all, with the Convention on the Rights of the Child. There is a lack of coordination in the planning and implementation of preventive activities, both in terms of time distribution and in terms of geographical coverage. There is a big difference in the intensity of the implementation of campaigns in different municipalities. Most campaigns are conducted in larger municipalities but not in continuous manner.

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SEXUÁLNE RIZIKOVÉ SPRÁVANIE - PROSTITÚCIA

Author(s): Zuzana Kotlárová / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 2/2020

Introduction: The behaviour of many juvenile women often lacks elementary ethical principles for their intimate life and, last but not least, their careless approach to their own health. Generally, prostitution is a phenomenon very closely linked to violence, crime, drug addiction, poverty, human trafficking or other accompanying socio-pathological phenomena. Objective: Promoting of this issue - contribute to public awareness regarding the prevention and to eliminatehuman trafficking, as well as to highlight the importance of prevention and the severity of the consequences of prostitution in juvenile women. Core: We discuss the issue of prostitution as sexual risk behaviour in its current definition and characteristics of its causes, and consequences resulting from the current knowledge of this phenomenon. We point out the risky behaviour of juvenile women and pay attention to the prevention of prostitution. Conclusion: Prostitution is a serious socio-pathological phenomenon, so it is necessary to try to eliminate the violent and forced form of prostitution and put more energy in supporting those who want to stop doing this activity. For this reason, fundamental steps need to be taken to tackle the problem and put in place adequate preventive measures to eliminate the risks associated with prostitution.

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PRZEMOC WOBEC KOBIET W ŚWIETLE ORZECZNICTWA EUROPEJSKIEGO TRYBUNAŁU PRAW CZŁOWIEKA

Author(s): Sabina Kubas / Language(s): Polish Issue: 28/2020

Violence against women is one of the more and more frequent acts sanctioned both on the basis of internal and international regulations. Undoubtedly, these are violations of human rights and fundamental freedoms. European regulations include, above all, the right to life and health, as well as respect for private and family life. Therefore, the use of violence against women is an absolute violation of the prohibition of inhuman and degrading treatment and is an obvious form of discrimination against man and citizen on grounds of sex. For many centuries, women were mentally and physically dependent on their husbands and fathers, so violence was more often used against them. Considering the indicated topics, it should be emphasized that cases concerning aggression against women and their humiliation based on gender have repeatedly been and still are the subject of complaints considered by the European Court of Human Rights.

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НАСИЛИЕ В СЕМЬЕ КАК СОЦИАЛЬНО-ПЕДАГОГИЧЕСКАЯ ПРОБЛЕМА

Author(s): Alla Ganicheva / Language(s): English Issue: 5/2020

The problem of the phenomenon of violence has always acquired special significance during periods of economic, social, and political changes in the development of society. Today, in the period of the coronavirus pandemic, the transition from the established way of life, the financial crisis that has engulfed the whole world and radically new conditions of social life, the problem of violence is again very cute. Child abuse at the stages of development of society has been characteristic of many historical periods of different times and peoples. The author based on the analysis of the causes of violent actions. The types of violence in the modern Russian family are identified; the forms of support for society in the fight against violence are described. The problem of child abuse is multidisciplinary. Currently, the problems of violence have become the subject of scientific research. The author study educational approaches as measures to combat violence, legal aspects, considered the importance of preventive work with dysfunctional families. Analysis of scientific literature has revealed that the history of mankind is often associated with violence in the broad sense of this definition. The historical experience of the development of many European States clearly shows that violence cannot serve as a tool for creation. Violence affects the most important and significant values for each person - their life and health, and the dangerous consequences cannot be compensated by any means. The research highlights the need to prevent domestic violence and support society in the fight against this phenomenon. It is necessary to consider the issue of effective organization of medical, social, pedagogical and legal support for children. There is a problem of building a unified system of interconnected institutions and services of various profiles that would collectively solve the problem of social and pedagogical support for children.

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Rola biegłego psychologa w przesłuchaniu dziecka w trybie art. 185a Kodeksu Postępowania Karnego

Author(s): Katarzyna Osiak-Krynick / Language(s): Polish Issue: 40/2019

About 6 million children live in Poland. Unfortunately, according to statistics, about 10,000 minors are killed each year. These are only estimates because we will never know how many children actually become victims of crime, because very often the fact of committing a crime is not reported to the police or the prosecutor’s office. If criminal proceedings are instituted against the perpetrator of abuse of a minor, then his / her participation in the trial and thus his / her hearing as a witness may be necessary. In art. 185a of the Code of Criminal Procedure, a special procedure of interrogation of a minor victim has been regulated to protect him against secondary victimization. The hearing takes place at a court meeting in which a proficient psychologist also participates. The aim of the article is to present the role of a proficient psychologist in interrogating a minor victim.

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УСЛУГИТЕ НА ПРВИОТ СЕМЕЕН ЦЕНТАР НА ГРАД СКОПЈЕ ВО ВРСКА СО ЖРТВИТЕ И СТОРИТЕЛИТЕ НА СЕМЕЈНО НАСИЛСТВО

Author(s): Makedonka Radulovic,Vladimir Ilievski,Irena Avirovic Bundalevska / Language(s): Macedonian Issue: 5/2020

Domestic violence is a very serious and complex problem which every country faces, including the Republic of North Macedonia. The complexity of this problem results in enormous consequences for individuals, families, and the general development of societies. The most common causes of domestic violence can be identified in: lack of material resources of the family, unemployment, presence of addictive alcoholism, drugs and other psychotropic substances, gambling, infidelity, and in some situations the poor mental state of family members, etc. Domestic violence most often occurs within the family community, whether it is a marital or extramarital union, between marital and extramarital partners, children, the elderly in the family, or between family relationships resulting from damaged family relationships, resulting in one of the most widespread forms of violence. In order to prevent and fight domestic violence in North Macedonia, in the past years the country is undertaking specific multilevel activities at national and local level. The main activities are aimed at preventing violence, protecting victims from domestic violence and implementing adequate national and international legal framework. This paper will analyze the current state of domestic violence in the Republic of North Macedonia and the categories of domestic violence. Special attention will be given to the services provided by the First Family Center of the City of Skopje, which is the only specialized counseling center for victims of domestic violence, perpetrators of domestic violence, minors living in families with domestic violence which are direct or indirect victims of violence, as well as other family members who assist in the counseling process. Finally, the paper will also present a case study in order to show the activities, services and results achieved in the area of professional work with victim of domestic violence.

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Тимчасовий доступ до речей і документів: проблемні питання правозастосовної практики

Author(s): O. Kaplina,Volodymyr I. MARYNIV / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 149/2020

The article explores the issues of the victim’s involvement in the process of obtaining temporary access to things and documents. The current legislative provisions were analyzed, according to it only the parties to criminal proceedings have the right to appeal to the investigating judge during the pretrial investigation or the court during the court proceedings requesting temporary access to things and documents. It is established that when a victim is not a part of the criminal proceedings, he is not empowered to apply to the investigating judge with a request for temporary access to things and documents. However,the practice of applying the law evidences about application another one approach to the solution of this issue, in particular, the existing court decisions on granting the investigative judge permission to the victim to temporary access to things and documents. This practice has led the Supreme Court to find that there is a lack of clarity, uncertainty about the legal rules regarding the victim’s status and his rights in criminal proceedings, which constitutes an exclusive legal problem. In order to resolve this issue and to ensure the development of the law and the formation of a single law enforcement practice, the panel of judges concluded that it was necessary to refer the criminal proceedings to the Grand Chamber of the Supreme Court. In order to resolve this problem and to ensure the development of law and the formation of a uniform law enforcement practice, the panel of judges concluded that it was necessary to refer criminal proceedings to the Grand Chamber of the Supreme Court and to ask questions for clarification of the legislative provisions. On the basis of the generalized case law, it was concluded that there is no unity in approaches to granting the victim permission for temporary access to things and documents. It is concluded that the issues raised in the article are theoretical and practical issues of granting the victim permission for temporary access to things and documents which need their legislative solution.

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SINOVI UBICE MAJKI

Author(s): Zorica Mršević / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 5/2020

The subject of the paper is the matricide - femicide of mothers committed by their sons. The case study provides an insight into the typical portrait of murderers who are most often middle-aged life losers, (untreated) addicts and / or psychiatric patients, although in the criminal law sense they are mostly completely sane. According to their social profile, they are typically structurally unemployed for many years, dependents supported by their parents, with not utralized education. From the criminological point of view, they are usually long-term perpetrators of the type of hegemonic masculinity, which no one, neither on the private nor on the institutional side, has effectively opposed. Analysis of matricide is placed in criminologically defined two contexts, the social position of older women and domestic violence against women. Through the analysis of 25 cases that occurred in the observed period (2013-first half of 2020), a clear typification is observed, ie. there are no differences between these acts with regard to the year, nor do they differ in regard to different national affiliation of the family members, and the different geographical or urban-rural typology of the settlement as the place of execution. Attention is drawn to the brutality of the execution, which exceeds the force necessary for deprivation of life. In most cases, it is stated that the institutions responsible for combating domestic violence, as well as the whole social environment, were mostly aware of the many years lasted agony that the murdered mother went through due to her son's violence and abuse. The main feature of all analyzed cases is their significant mutual criminological and phenomenological similarity and the continued shortcoming of the institutional system to act preventively. The aim of the paper is to act mobilizing precisely towards the direction of more efficient institutional prevention, pointing out that the escalation of domestic violence of this type can predictably lead to a lethal outcome. In methodological terms were applied the qualitative criminological analysis of cases from continuously longitudinally monitored publicly available data on individual cases of matricides, analysis of domestic and foreign academic criminological literature on domestic violence, on aging and on the position of older women, as well as foreign theoretical analyzes of matricides.

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KRIMINOLOŠKI DISKURS PORODICE I PORODIČNIH ODNOSA

Author(s): Marina M. Simović,Miomira P. Kostić / Language(s): Bosnian,Serbian Issue: 5/2020

The main role of the family is to create a basis for socio-cultural and personal formation of newborn members. The family appears as a mediator between the personality of its adult members and children, on the one hand and the community, on the other hand. Children will become a private person against the cultural heritage and social life, which first met in his own family. The manner in which the child will look to the outside world, to which active is yet to enter depends on what and how his parents, older siblings and other adult family members are transferred from that world, how themselves and their environment are to be seen by them and by their experience and how they participate in it and whether to accept or reject their environment. Modern family kept many features of patriarchy. Interconnection of family members, the implementation process of socialization and interest in children sometimes has characteristics of “bizarre expressed feelings” - from excessive restraint and the need to give children “provide all” at all costs to complete neglect children's need for love and expression of indifference in contacts or overt and covert forms of child abuse. Previous studies have undoubtedly confirmed that the etiology of crime necessary to consider the family as a criminogenic factor. A criminogenic family influence is explained by the different concepts, ranging from highlighting the family as the only and most important criminal factors, to the observation of family backgrounds as part of other criminal factors at the macro and micro levels of causality. The harmonious development of the child's personality can be achieved only in a relatively stable emotional atmosphere in which the child grows. The characteristic way in which parents show their mutual affection and love for their children is the most important for determining the emotional atmosphere in the family. In the family environment of the child is going through the most important process of their development - through socialization.

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Bullying of Students in Academic Institutions: A Qualitative Study

Author(s): Faieza Chowdhury / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2020

Every student has the right to feel safe within their academic institution. However, many experience frequent bullying and undergo mental traumas, alienation and selfdestructive behaviors. Bullying is largely an unreported and unaddressed issue in many academic institutions, which can result in long-lasting effects on students’ lives. A study conducted by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), reported that 23% of school students in Bangladesh had been victims of bullying. This statistic clearly indicates that bullying is an alarming issue in Bangladesh which needs to be addressed urgently and properly. This qualitative study was conducted with 60 undergraduate students in order to explore their perceptions and experiences on bullying practices within the academic institutions of Bangladesh. Drawing on the findings of the study, a number of recommendations for the prevention and monitoring of bullying practices within the educational setting are suggested.

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Исследование взаимосвязи размеров тела и социального статуса детей и подростков в коллективе сверстников (на примере русских школьников)

Author(s): Valentina Nikolaevna Burkova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 6/2020

Introduction. Studies of correlation between body size and social status indicate that morphological parameters (height, weight, body mass index) have an impact on the popularity and unpopularity of children and adolescents among peers. However, the available research investigations are controversial and have a range of limitations. The drawbacks of previous studies include mixed samples and little attention to the ethnic factor in the analysis, while morphological and behavioral indicators in different ethnic groups can differ greatly. The purpose of this work is to study the correlation between body size (height, weight, body mass index) and social status of schoolchildren in a peer group (with the main focus on Russian schoolchildren). Materials and Methods. The research was conducted in Moscow (the Russian Federation). The sample consisted of 1077 schoolchildren (507 male and 570 female) aged between 10 and 18 years. At the first stage of the research, all students completed a demographic questionnaire (gender, age, and ethnicity). The sample included only schoolchildren who consider themselves Russian. For assessing social status, a rating scale method was used: each participant completed a rating-scale sociometric to index popularity within the class. Next, anthropometric measurements of each respondent were made - body length, body weight, followed by the calculation of the body mass index (BMI). Results. The data analysis revealed the relationship between morphological parameters (body size) and the social status of schoolchildren within the group. The data were obtained on a homogeneous sample of Russian schoolchildren. However, this relationship was significant only for adolescence and was determined by gender. In addition, the authors revealed that low social status is determined by both overweight and underweight. Conclusions. The results show that morphological indicators (height, weight, body mass index) affect the popularity and unpopularity of children and adolescents among peers. The findings enhance our understanding of the relationship between body size and social status and related problems of victimization and aggressive behavior in adolescent groups.

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Kobne posljedice društvene tranzicije: seksualna eksploatacija žena kao posljedica trgovine ljudima u Hercegovačko-neretvanskom kantonu

Author(s): Merima Jašarević / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 15/2020

Human being trafficking is a burning social issue, especially considering the fact that sexual exploitation of women / children is currently the most economically profitable social criminal activity of any other activity in BiH, especially after the last war. Human being trafficking existed in the Balkans before, but the spread of this phenomenon occurred primarily as a result of the war and the disintegration of the SFRY, which was accompanied by great destruction, displacement and uncontrolled migration of the population in the presence of a large number of different domestic and foreign military formations. Wars and poverty have contributed to greater visibility and representation of this phenomenon in our society. Some authors, in the context of the links between war and the collapse of the state, on the one hand, and human trafficking, on the other, accept that these correlations have only recently begun to be discussed openly.

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Prijestupništvo i viktimizacija mladih u BiH: dinamika u periodu 2005-2015 i implikacije za prevenciju

Author(s): Almir Maljević / Language(s): Bosnian,Croatian,Serbian Issue: 1-2/2020

Purpose: This study examines dynamics and extent of juvenile delinquency in Bosnia and Herzegovina as found in two rounds of ISRD research projects in the country. Design/methodology/approach: The current study relies on self-reported survey data from International Self-Report Delinquency Study 2 (ISRD2-BiH) and the Inter¬national Self-Report Delinquency Study 3 (ISRD3-BiH). Findings: Results indicate changes in prevalence of property, violent and cyber-related delinquency. Theoretical and practical implications stemming from these results are discussed.

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