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SITUAŢIA UNITĂŢILOR PROTEJATE AUTORIZATE DIN PERSPECTIVA ECONOMIEI SOCIALE – CAZUL JUDEŢULUI CLUJ

Author(s): Oana-Magda Vlădut / Language(s): Romany Issue: 2/2015

The frequent use of the concept of social economy in the national and international discourses on social inclusion of vulnerable groups and local development generated an increase in public interest regarding the opportunities that this particular form of activity can provide. This context primarily requests a conceptual clarification of the social economy, to know and understand accurately what social economy is and what is not. Also, the analysis of the present situation of the social economy at national and local levels is becoming a necessity thus to have a coherent overview on the status quo, which, in conditions of strategically directed endeavors, can be used as a resource, as a foundation for developing, quantitative and qualitative, the social economy. Currently, the position of the authorized protected units in the range of the social economy entities is not clear, given the deficiencies in the legislative provisions in the field, especially in terms of clarity and especially of their harmonization. This article presents the results of an analytical incursion focused on the situation of the authorized protected units from Cluj County, in terms of number, environment where they are established and function, organization and especially their economic behavior – important from the perspective of social economy.

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The Concept of Reconciliation in the Transitional Justice Process - Meaning and Consequences

Author(s): Dennis Michels / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2011

The article answers the question what reconciliation means as part of the theoretical concept of transitional justice. It reveals the problems of different perspectives of contemporary scientific literature regarding the concept of reconciliation and fills the definitional gap that it spots. Reconciliation is framed from a societal perspective and presented as dealing with the relational aspects between victims and perpetrators. Moreover, the article connects reconciliation with the practical measures of transitional justice like amnesties, tribunals, or reparations in order to assess which measures have a positive impact and which measures have a negative impact on the reconciliation process.

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Bilişim Suçları Kapsamında Suça Sürüklenen Çocukların İncelenmesi

Author(s): Emre Cihan Ateş,Ahmet Saluk / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 12/2018

Children are very important in our lives and are the guarantee of our future. Especially with the development of information technology systems, the presence of new games and interesting applications is an opportunity to give them better education. But it should not be forgotten that everything is good when used properly for its purpose, especially the internet environment can cause children to learn something wrong. Because criminal behavior can be learned easily. Children are more uninformed and more vulnerable than adults, crime effect on children is much greater than that of adults. Therefore, the sample of child victims of informatic crimes in Turkey has been examined by using data from Turkish Statistical Institute in this study. The information obtained from the conducted analysis is considered to contribute significantly to the crime preventive processes carried out by the relevant authorities, families and trainers.

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Validity of Durkheim's classical study concerning suicides in the XXI century Case study - Bosnia and Herzegovina

Author(s): Dušanka Slijepčević / Language(s): English Issue: 15/2018

The goal of this work is a scientific description of Durkheim's notion of suicide and collected data concerning the number of suicide cases, as well as the explanation of the suicide on the basis of overruling social context or social factors. The starting point of this work is the suicide issue as a global appearance which threatens to endanger public health in countries worldwide, and therefore it conditions the need or introducing multi- sector prevention strategies, as well as continual researches. Therefore the research subject presents the validation check on classical sociological standpoints concerning social causes for suicide and specifically in the society of Bosnia and Herzegovina at the beginning of the XXI century, in other words, searching for the answer to the question-Can Durkheim's classic social study concerning suicide explain the rate of suicides in Bosnia and Herzegovina (further in the text referred as B&H) at the beginning of the XXI century? Specifically, is the classic assumption of social conditioning concerning suicide valid? In this work I used general scientific methods: hypothetical- deductive, statistic and inductive, as well as a case study for data gathering. The research outcomes derive from verified classic assumptions about the causes of suicides in contemporary age, as well as unveiling the socially influenced causes of suicides and the possible measures for their prevention. The suicide rate in B&H at the beginning of the XXI century confirms the assumption on socially predestined suicide. The veracity of the raised rates of suicide in peaceful rather than in war conditions was proven. The influence of the economic stagnancy and age was also proven to affect the rates of suicides in B&H at the beginning of the XXI century, and the assumption on female resistance to suicide was validated as well.

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Validnost Dirkemove klasične studije samoubistva u XXI vijeku Studija slučaja – Bosna i Hercegovina

Author(s): Dušanka Slijepčević / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 15/2018

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Duchowni jak aniołowie ziemscy?

Author(s): Sebastian Duda / Language(s): Polish Issue: 674/2018

Święta doktryna z pomocą wzniosłych i uładzonych zdań przechodzi do porządku dziennego nad nieświętą krzywdą ofiar. Być może dlatego, że wyrządzający krzywdę strażnicy świętej doktryny wielokrotnie używali jej do usprawiedliwiania własnych wstrętnych postępków.

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Teologiczny rachunek sumienia Kościoła

Author(s): Sebastian Duda,Andrzej Kobyliński,Zuzanna Radzik / Language(s): Polish Issue: 674/2018

Mówiąc o wykorzystywaniu seksualnym dzieci przez księży, mówimy nie tylko o dramacie moralnym, ale w istocie dotykamy samego jądra Kościoła katolickiego i jego przyszłości. Skandale obnażyły niewydolność systemową Kościoła katolickiego.

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Les atteintes à la dignité humaine au lieu du travail

Author(s): Roxana Radu / Language(s): French Issue: 26/2010

Human dignity is a fundamental value of the human society, being stipulated both in the international and national norms. The fundamental principles of law, the guaranties of citizen rights and liberties, fruits of a long evolution, aim to assure the dignity of the human person, the liberty and equality between all the citizens. The right to dignity can not be divided and concerns equally the biological life, private and personal life and, of course, professional life of every human being. Although the antidiscrimination legislation plays an important role for the protection of employee’s rights, it is not enough because the discrimination and employers’ abuses in the labor field have different forms and types of manifestation. The possible violations of the employee’s dignity are: discrimination, moral harassment, sexual harassment, violation of the intimacy of private life, violation of personal life etc.

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Święta czy grzeszna? – kobieta średniowiecza

Author(s): Jan Wiśniewski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 15/2017

The life of medieval women was characterized by an inner conflict between the awe and charms of the mundane, material world on the one hand and the ardent desire of salvation on the other hand. This made the woman – continually dependent on her father, brother or husband, succumbing to weakness, with limited opportunity of total devotion to God the Creator (marriage, political activity) – seek to unite with God. The woman was held responsible for sins, scandals, cunning, seducing men, because of the role Eve played in the appearance of the original sin. Later, perceived as a source of the carnal sin, she was considered a seductress, an obstacle on the path to holiness. Although at the end of the Middle Ages, some theologians defended the woman, assuming that since she was the companion in life rather than a slave of the man, it is he who is responsible for the crime, because the woman was subordinated to him. Previously, St. Augustine, whose theology had a strong influence on the Middle Ages, on the example of his of own life, saw promiscuity as a great obstacle to his conversion, which consequently aroused in him feelings of hatred and contempt for the body. Thus he condemned indecency (prostitution, adultery) and dissipated life, also in marriage, and emphasized the importance of innocence and conventual life, as a derivative thereof. This is why these values impressed a strong mark on the sexuality of Christianity in the West. It is worth noting that thanks to God’s grace, the admiration for the beauty of the body and nature can be combined in life with the desire and pursuit for excellence and holiness, that is a union with God, because it was he who created them. In the works of medieval mystics (St. Hildegard of Bingen, St. Clare of Assisi, St. Catherine of Siena, Blessed Dorothea of Montau) the desire to encounter the “Bridegroom” (as in the Blessed Dorothea’s case) is expressed using the language of the senses, with which the woman’s body was recovered from humiliation.

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The Protection Order Seeking and Accessing: A Mechanism in Combatting Domestic Violence

Author(s): Roxana Gabriela Albăstroiu / Language(s): English Issue: 46/2015

The necessity to protect the victims of domestic violence determined the appearance of the Law no. 25/2012 – The Protection Order. The social reality that goes beyond the juridical one determined the legislator to regulate many ways of domestic violence: starting with the physical one to the social, economic and spiritual violence. The area of the victim and the aggressor is pre-established, being determined by the legislator under the terms: “family member”, without a limited configuration of the Protection Order towards the family members, as it was established by the general civil law, but a wider field of action, which includes the persons which are living together, even if between them it is not a legal relation of kinship or affinity. The Protection Order is, in fact, an injunction pronounced in specials conditions: urgency, it is adopted in secret room, with the citation of the parties. This judicial decision will offer to the victim of domestic violence the necessary protection against the aggressor, in order to guarantee her integrity and personal freedom, both physically and mentally. Besides, by the way wich this protection mechanism is designed it interferes with the principles and rules relating to the protection of human rights, the privacy and family life, the principles enshrined in the Basic Law, rules of civil law, criminal law or procedural law.

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ОСНАЖИВАЊЕ ЖРТАВА ПОРОДИЧНОГ НАСИЉА: МЕРЕ АФИРМАТИВНЕ АКЦИЈЕ У ЗАПОШЉАВАЊУ

Author(s): Slobodanka Kovačević Perić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 80/2018

“Domestic violence” is defined as any act of physical, sexual, psychological or economic violence that occurs within a family or a household, as well as between former or current spouses or partners, regardless of whether a perpetrator is sharing or used to share residence with the victim. Domestic violence is not exclusively a phenomenon of our time, nor of contemporary globalization. Almost every society has historically nurtured and perpetuated socially unequal relations between men and women, thus harming gender equality and equity and gender identity. Cases of domestic violence experienced by men are not a myth. Approximately 7 to 9 % of men are abused by “the gentler sex”. Therefore, the principles of gender equality require that we address the victims in terms of gender and sex. However, given that women and girls are at greater risk of violence, the aspect of “women” as victims of domestic violence prevails in practice. In this paper, the author analyzes affirmative action in employment, i.e. positive discrimination as one of the institutional measures for empowering victims of violence, particularly considering the 2015-2016 statistics stating that 9% of women living in domestic violence shelters in Serbia returned to their abusers. The author aims to raise awareness of the fact that domestic violence is the most primitive form of human rights’ violation and that being a victim of domestic violence is not a shame; in fact, it is humiliating to suffer violence. Thus, the author aims to contribute to preventing femicide as a result of domestic violence or, at least, to ensure that no woman suffers violence.

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АНАЛИЗА ПРИМЕНЕ ЗАКОНА О СПРЕЧАВАЊУ НАСИЉА У ПОРОДИЦИ ПРЕД ОСНОВНИМ СУДОМ У НИШУ

Author(s): Aleksandar Mojašević,Bojana Arsenijević / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 80/2018

This paper analyzes the results of the application of the Act on Prevention of Domestic Violence (hereinafter: the PDV Act) in cases filed with the Basic/Municipal Court in Niš. Considering that one of the primary aims of this Act is to prevent any form of domestic violence (as a criminal offense), the key issue is whether the PDV Act has achieved this goal in the first several months since entering into force on 1st June 2017. In order to answer this question, the authors examine the effects of applying the provisions of this Act and, in particular, the procedural efficiency of competent state authorities, organizations and institutions in the prevention of domestic violence, as well as the effectiveness of t he newly introduced institutes (risk assessment of violence, imposing urgent measures, etc.). The staring hypothesis is that the PDV Act has significantly contributed to the prevention of the criminal offense of domestic violence. To prove this hypothesis, the authors have collected and analyzed data from official records of competent state authorities (courts, prosecution offices and the police) on the subject matter of this research, which will provide the first comprehensive overview of domestic violence cases within the specific territorial jurisdiction and time frame. Upon identifying and comparing the distinctive features of individual domestic violence cases, the authors provide expert observations on the regular practices and exceptions that may be observed in the application of the new PDV Act.

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Stampedo inhumaniteta

Author(s): Nermin Sarajlić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 1-3/2005

Prastara već, aforistična konstatacija, amalgamirana gorčinom, olovnom težinom i rezigniranošću, u riječima kako sve više ima davljenika, a sve manje slamki, takvim se osvježavajućim inovacijama i inventivnostima afirmirala u realnom životu, da se podmuklo instalirala kao običajnost kurtoaznog pozdravljanja, ozbiljnijeg oslovljavanja. Jer inače, kako drugačije rastumačiti prizore zagnjurenih glava u kontejnere sa smećem, uskakanje u red za javne kuhinje kao dnevni fitnes, čak otimanje s golubovima za sve rjeđe bačene mrvice, i da narcisoidnoj patetici, omražene socijalne angažianosti stanemo ili na žulj ili na kurije oko, i izmamimo krik-pitanje: zar se život potpuno opredijelio na sve istanjenije, ekspeditivne odgovore urgentnim prohtjevima stomaka, koji su za dužinu “nebeskih ljestava” odijeljeni od skromnosti.

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ONLINE AGGRESSION TENDENCIES AND COGNITIVE EMPATHY TOWARDS THE VICTIM OF CYBERBULLYING IN ADOLESCENTS

Author(s): Dana Balas Timar / Language(s): English Issue: 02/2018

Empathy is an adaptive phenomenon in the act of inter-human communication, allowing a certain way of entering the psychology of the other as a means of elaborating own behaviour pattern. Through empathy, we have the opportunity to better understand the other, to intuitively sense alterity’s thoughts and affections, to anticipate behaviour and even to act accordingly. In real, as in online environments, there are always two sides of this story, the best part is when the communication intention is good and the worst part is when manipulation interferes and the empathy serves to better understand victim’s weaknesses to better use it against them. Our research team has developed the project Keeping youth safe from Cyberbullying, ID 2016-3-TR01-KA205-036619 aiming to deeper understand the dynamics of different cyberbullying aspects in online environments among youth, by creating an online questionnaire assessing core concepts and perceptions about cyberbullying motives and effects. Our focus is in analysing the effects of aggression tendencies on victim cognitive empathy in cyberbullying incidents, in 140 high school students. This research’s conclusion brings an answer to the question of just how much empathy is needed for understanding cyberbullying victim’s feelings and activating a prosocial behaviour instead of turning it into a cruel act of psychological dominance all over the online pavement.

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STUDENTSKA PERCEPCIJA SEKSUALNOGA UZNEMIRAVANJA

Author(s): Tina Balenović,Ivana Hromatko,Jerko Markovina ,Vedrana Perica,Alma Paratušić,Sanja Poljanić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 50/2000

The goal of this study was to explore differences between male and female perceptions of sexual harassment, depending on the sex and the reaction of the victim. The participants in the study were 159 male and female students from the University of Zagreb. They assessed a hypothetical sexual harassment story on five 4-point Likert scales. The significant differences between men and women were found in their perception of the incident as well as differences concerning the sex of the victim. Women generally assessed the stories more negatively. The assessment was generally more negative if the victim was female. Male and female participants also differed in the kind of punishment they would see as just for the perpetrator, and in the way they would feel and act in such a situation.

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SOME FUNDAMENTAL FLAWS IN THE DESIGN OF SEXUAL HARASSMENT POLICIES

Author(s): Michael George / Language(s): English Issue: 50/2000

This paper suggests that the current social issue/problem concerning sexual harassment is exacerbated by some theoretical problems found in sexual harassment policies. There are a number of ethical considerations that need to be considered but in particular the distinction between the social and the individual is problematic in the liberal tradition. Practical problems in the application of policies arise from this, both in the matter of public accountability and the actual procedures of resolving instances of sexual harassment. The paper is exploratory in nature rather than prescriptive and does not intend to be comprehensive. Further questions need to be formulated by ethicists, social scientists, administrators, and those responsible for the implementation of such policies before an adequate response to sexual harassment will be possible.

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LIVING IN ABUSIVE FAMILY RELATIONSHIPS

Author(s): Mira Čudina-Obradović,Josip Obradović / Language(s): English Issue: 42/1999

The research was performed on 402 fathers and 438 mothers with the goal to test how parental experience of being verbally abused by spouse affects child's mood instability. In fathers' sample 592 children of different age, birth order and sex were included while in mother's sample 640 children of different age, birth order and sex were included. Three sets of variables: independent (experience of being verbally abused by spouse), control (child's gender, child's birth order, child's age and parental exeperience of being physically abused by spouse) and dependent variable (child's mood instability) were defined. ANOVA and ANCOVA statistical procedure was used to analyze data. According to the obtained results mother's experience of being verbally abused by spouse did not affect child's mood instability after control variables were introduced in the analysis. In contrast to these, the results for the father's experience of being verbally abused by spouse produced different effects. After statistical control was performed, the father's experience of being verbally abused by spouse did affect child's mood instability. Explanation of the results is offered in accordance with the existing theories and previous research data.

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STRUKTURA DRUŠTVENIH STAVOVA U HRVATSKOJ

Author(s): Stanko Rihtar,Goran Milas / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 38/1998

In this paper the authors attempted to reveal the basic organizational determinants of social attitudes in Croatia. The problem was interpreted in two levels, the methodological and cultural. The survey was conducted at two time points, during the war in 1992 and after the termination of war operations in 1996/97. In the first part of the research a representative sample of Croatia was examined (2366), and in the second a sample of Zagreb highschool students (444). Two measuring instruments were used representative of social attitudes, Eysenck’s (1971) and the Key Social Issues Scale (Milas, 1998). Factor analysis indicated three fundamental ideological dimensions, ethnocentrism, religiosity and sexsual freedom, consistently appearing regardless of the sample examined, measuring instruments used and social context of the research. The differences with regard to theoretical models and research carried out in Western countries can be explained by the specific social position of Croatia as a transitional country affected by war.

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UČESTALOST PTSP-a U SKUPINI PROGNANIKA I MOGUĆA POVEZANOST SA ZATOČENIŠTVOM U LOGORU

Author(s): Dragica Kozarić-Kovačić,Tajana Ljubin-Golub,Mirjana Grubišić-Ilić,Sunčanica Ljubin-Sternak / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 28+29/1997

The aim of the study was to explore the prevalence of PTSD in refugees from Croatia and investigate the relationship between PTSD and the number of experienced traumas, especially with regard to being held in detention camp, as well as the relationship between PTSD and demographic variables. A group of refugees, consisting of 34 men and 54 women, mean age 43, were studied. Trauma Questionnaire and Watson's PTSD Interview were applied. The group experienced three traumas, on average; whereas after two years of life in captivity the prevalence of PTSD was 45.45%. It was established that the total of PTSD symptoms grow with the increasing number of traumas and with the refugee's age, but decrease with the person's higher education.

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ZLOSTAVLJANJE DJECE: OBLICI ZLOSTAVLJANJA I NJIHOVO PREPOZNAVANJE

Author(s): Renata Miljević-Riđički / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 18+19/1995

Child abuse is present in all societies. There are plenty of cases of child abuse reported in public, but the fact is that just a few of the abused children are recognized and properly treated. Four main types of abuse and symptoms of abuse are described: physical abuse, emotional abuse, sexual abuse and neglect. If we recognize symptoms of abuse and give victims proper treatment, that is also preventive work. Most abusers, no matter what kind of abuse they have been involved in, have something in common: they have also been victims of abuse. It is obvious in adult abusers, but we can recognize it in child abusers, too. Since victlmlzation is a complex problem, it could be solved only through the cooperation of various experts. Unfortunately, the number of experts who are involved in solving this problem in practice, is still very low.

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