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(A)symmetry of (Non-)memory: The Missed Opportunity to Work Through the Traumatic Memory of the Polish–Ukrainian Ethnic Conflict in Pawłokoma

Author(s): Mateusz Magierowski / Language(s): English / Issue: 04/2016

During the Second World War, the village of Pawłokoma, nowadays located a dozen kilometres from the Polish–Ukrainian border, was an area of conflict between the two nations. It has been almost ten years since a ceremony was held commemorating the victims of the conflict. The ceremony was attended by the Polish and Ukrainian Presidents. Today, the village is a symbol of reconciliation between the two nations. This article analyzes the dynamics of local collective memory about the conflict, using the “working through” concept and works on social remembering as a theoretical framework. In my discussion of the causes and effects of the changes in dynamics, I use data from individual in-depth interviews with three categories of respondents: the inhabitants of Pawłokoma, local leaders, and experts. The aforementioned ceremony was an opportunity for working through the traumatic past in the local community of Pawłokoma. Although social consultations were held in Pawłokoma rather than a comprehensive working-through process, we should be talking about a symbolic substitute for this process. Despite the fact that material commemorations of the Polish and Ukrainian victims were erected, some factors essential to accomplishing the working-through process were missed, such as complex institutional support, the engagement of younger generations, and empathy towards the “Others” and their sufferings.

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(Nie)konstytucyjne przeciwdziałanie przestępczości na tle seksualnym wobec nieletnich

Author(s): Natalia Woszczyk / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 3/2018

The article addresses the issue of alterations to the bill preventing sexually motivated crime in relation to the constitutional rights. The author presents and analyses the new regulation with emphasis on the unknown for the polish legal system solutions such as Sex Offenders Registry which will be accessible in two versions: with limited access and to the general public, and a publicly available map of sexual crime threats. What is more, doubts are raised as to the effectiveness of the measures to reduce sexual offenses.

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(PO)ETIKA RATNOG PISMA I IZBJEGLIČKI KONTEKST U ROMANIMA MARSELE ŠUNJIĆ

Author(s): Naida Osmanbegović / Language(s): Bosnian / Issue: 2/2016

Two, and only novels, by Marsela Šunjić belong to two streams of war letters: war and post-war. The plot of the novel Laku noć, grade will follow three separate, delimited interpretations of truth, history and meaning. Entering text in the intimate drama documentary strategies, contributes to the total collapse of cultural values , urges apsurdity of ”our” and ’’their” narratives, and is faced with a symbolic Other, as an external decentralized starting point of decentralization. On the other hand, the second novel, Puno pozdrava s mjeseca, chronicles the lives of Bosnian refugees in America.

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10+1 Good Practices in Preventing Intolerance, Discrimination, and Group Hatred in Central and Eastern Europe

Author(s): Gergana Tzvetkova / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 2020

This compendium was created by the consortium members of the CEE Prevent Net initiative. Its development is the result of a robust exchange of good practice methods among various organizations and civil society actors in the areas of youth work and (non-formal) education aimed at preventing intolerance, discrimination, and right-wing populism and extremism in the region of Central and Eastern Europe. Initially, this volume was supposed to present 10 good practices for working with young people directly; however, the CEE Prevent Net network decided to expand this initial enterprise gratuitously. This additional section provides youth workers, educators, and other civic actors with recommendations and advocacy strategies for youth work that fosters tolerance, facilitates dialogue, and prevents discrimination and far right ideologies.

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15 TEMMUZ DARBE GİRİŞİMİ GECESİ TRT’DE OKUTULAN DARBE BİLDİRİSİ METNİNİN SÖYLEM ÇÖZÜMLEMESİ

Author(s): Yusuf Söylemez / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: Special/2016

During the coup attempt on July 15, the TRT building was occupied and the coup text, which was taught by force of arms, was analyzed and the situation of overlapping with the discourse of the publications of the FETET / PDY terrorist organization on this side from Process of 17-25 December was tried to be revealed. Data were collected by the method of document examination and the obtained data were analyzed by discourse analysis. It is thought that the work will be beneficial in terms of political discourse studies.

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15-17 amžiaus moksleivių delinkventinis elgesys ir viktimizacija Lietuvoje

Author(s): Svetlana Justickaja,Vaidas Kalpokas,Laura Ūselė / Language(s): Lithuanian / Issue: 62 (4)/2008

This article deals with the results of the first (national) stage of International Self-Report Delinquency Study (ISRD-2). On the ground of collected data the aspects of Lithuanian students’ delinquent behaviour and victimization are analysed. The data about prevalence and structure of delinquent behaviour and victimization is presented; also, correlations between delinquency, victimization and such social-demographic factors as age, sex, residence (town size) are subject of this analysis. The research also covers influence of the attitudes towards violence and self-control on the delinquency and victimization indicators, and data that allows us to disclose and examine socialization and social control agents’ (family, school, peers) role on the forming of juvenile delinquent behaviour.

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4-6 Yaş Arasındaki Çocukların Ebeveynlerinin İstismara Yönelik Farkındalığı

Author(s): Elif Ünal Bozcan,Bengü Berkmen,Nihan Koran,Eşmen Tatlıcalı / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 97-1/2019

The aim of this research is to investigate the awareness of the families about abuse. The families in the target of the research are the families who have children between 4-6 years old. This research was carried out as cross-sectional study. Personal Information Form developed by researchers and Parent Awareness Scale" developed by Pekdoğan (2017) were used as data collection tool. The population of the study was formed by the parents of children between the ages of 4 and 6 who received pre-school education in the Nicosia region. The sample consisted of 321 parents who were randomly sampled and voluntarily participated in the study. The data of the study were analyzed by SPSS 21.0 program. The relationship between the averages of parental abuse awareness scale and the socio-demographic characteristics of the study group were analyzed by t Test and one way ANOVA. For the reliability of the scale Cronbach Alpha was calculated as .65. As a result of the study, it was determined that the awareness level of abuse is medium level. When the scale items were analyzed, it was determined that the parents did not have enough knowledge about sexual abuse. The analyze results of the scales points that the families have medium level of awareness about child abuse. Also the results of the study indicates that the awareness about abuse is not connected with socio demographic issues. According to the results of the study family trainings about child abuse can be recommended.

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49. међународни конгрес војних историчара „Am Rande Europas? Der Balkan – Raum und bevölkerung als Wirkungsfelder militärischer gewalt”

Author(s): Dmitar Tasić / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 2/2008

49. међународни конгрес војних историчара „Am Rande Europas? Der Balkan – Raum und bevölkerung als Wirkungsfelder militärischer gewalt”, Потсдам, 15-17. септембар 2008. године / 49th International Congress of Military History „Am Rande Europas? Der Balkan – Raum und bevölkerung als Wirkungsfelder militärischer gewalt”, Potsdam, September 15–17 2008,

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75. rocznica akcji „Reinhardt”

Author(s): Dariusz Libionka,Jacek Leociak / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 13/2017

W nocy z 16 na 17 marca 1942 r. o godzinie 22.00 getto w Lublinie zostało otoczone przez SS i formacje pomocnicze1. Na zaciemnionych ulicach włączono oświetlenie. Przedstawiciele Policji Bezpieczeństwa zakomunikowali zebranym pospiesznie członkom Judenratu decyzję o przesiedleniu większości mieszkańców, wyjąwszy posiadaczy wydanych tydzień wcześniej kart pracy. Mieli oni zostać przeniesieni do wydzielonej części getta. Pozostali mieli podlegać deportacji. Wszelkie próby uchylania się od wywózki miały być karane śmiercią. Z miejsca przystąpiono do realizacji tego planu. Oprawcy wdzierali się do mieszkań, wypędzając zdezorientowanych Żydów na ulice. Zastrzelono kilkadziesiąt osób, a 1500 zapędzono na rampę kolejową.

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A Combined Model of Ecological Systems Theory and Social Learning Theory to Understand the Acquisition of Intimate Partner Violence

Author(s): Xiaomin Sheng / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2020

Intimate partner violence (IPV for short), like other aggressive and abusive behaviors, is acquired from observing, interacting with, and engaging in a social environment. Once this violent behavior is learned, it will persistently resort as a way to resolve interpersonal issues during the life trajectories of an individual. Therefore, in order to prevent IPV from being acquired from the risky social environment, it is necessary to look at the trigger factors that can lead an individual into perpetuating or accepting IPV within the context he or she is growing up. To do so, Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems theory (EST) will provide an examination of how an individual’s complex inter-relationships within the five layers’ environmental systems (miro-, meso-, exo-, macro-, and chronosystems) can result in his or her tendency to form IPV behaviors. Similar to Bronfenbrenner’s EST, Aker’s social learning theory (SLT) also argues that an individual’s interactions with others provide the context in which the IPV learning process occurs. While different from Bronfenbrenner’s EST, Aker’s SLT exposes an individual’s cognitive learning process that either favor or against an observed behavior and whether or not to imitate it. Therefore, this paper attempts to combine Bronfenbrenner’s EST and Aker’s SLT to provide a theoretical model from which the knowledge in the field of IPV is constructed and to establish a theoretical explanation of an individual’s IPV behaviors acquisition.

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A COMPREHENSIVE CHARACTERIZATION AND COROLLARIES OF BULLYING AT WORK

Author(s): Tinuke M. Fapohunda,Felicia Omotayo Soares / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2018

Workplace bullying is a phenomenon that affects employee performance and productivity. Its non-illegal status makes it easy to go unnoticed and is becoming an issue for HR managers and other actors in the employment relations. This paper examines workplace bullying to determine its types, features, prevalence in the Nigerian work environment and its effect both on the employees and on the organisation. 200 participants were selected from different departments of a Lagos area office of a federal organisation. Three hypotheses were tested. There was significant relationship between workplace bullying and staff performance. It was also discovered that there was a relationship between gender and the exposure to verbal abuse and there was a relationship between workplace bullying and job satisfaction.

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A Culture of Violence? Women in Twentieth Century Bengal

Author(s): Senjuti Jash / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Violence is one of the primeval instincts of human kind. It is not restricted by spatio-temporal frontiers and majority of human beings, irrespective of their gender, age, nationality, orientation, etc. are subjected to some form of violence during their lives. However, as the societal conditions have always enabled the subjugation of the “weak” by the “powerful”, violence against women has been identified globally as one of the most systematic and widespread human rights violations. Using three short stories authored by Jagadish Gupta, Tarashankar Bandyopadhyay, and Mahasweta Devi in twentieth century Bengal as case studies, this paper seeks to examine the diverse trajectories of violence perpetrated against women in the aforesaid period. Analysing particular modes of violence like dowry-based homicide, witch-hunting, and rape as political instrument of oppression, this study intends to qualify Michael Taussig’s thesis on “culture of terror” by situating it against the wider backdrop of the “culture of violence” and the discourses of resistance that simultaneously emerged in twentieth century Bengal.

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A Framework for a Restorative Society? Restorative Justice in Northern Ireland

Author(s): Vicky Conway,Brian Payne / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2011

Presenting findings of an unparalleled study, mapping the extent of restorative practices in Northern Ireland, this article argues that while some examples of the use of restorative justice in Northern Ireland have been researched in detail, it is in fact being employed in a much wider range of contexts, including schools and children’s care homes. This diversity in restorative justice deployment is used to frame arguments for restorative justice to be given stronger footing by government citing the great potential for Northern Ireland to become a ‘restorative society’. Key findings from the mapping research are presented as an explanation for previous growth in restorative practices to date and as a facilitator for further growth both in Northern Ireland and in other jurisdictions. These include recognition that the definition and application of restorative justice must be determined by situation and context, and that the continued expansion of restorative practices is dependent on the cross-fertilisation of ideas both from abroad, but also between organisations within a jurisdiction.

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A Home on the Range and the (Near) Extinction of the American Bison

Author(s): Tadeusz Rachwał / Language(s): English / Issue: 04/2017

Fredreric Jackson Turner’s seminal essay on the significance of frontier in American culture interestingly posits the development of railways as extension of the buffalo trail. The presentation of his ideas in 1893 not only followed the announcement of the closing of the frontier by the superintendent of the U.S. Census (1890), but was also the time of the near-extinction of bison whose number declined from about 600,000,000 at the end of the 18th century to 300 in 1900. In the paper I will try to tone the Indian traders’ transformation of the buffalo trail into a railway with the replacement of buffalo herds by cow droves as well as the popularity the song “Home on the Range” which in a way mythologized the domestic coexistence of people with the roaming buffalo. Drawing from Thoreau’s hypothesis that cows are buffalos within and capable of reasserting their “native rights,” I will look at some examples of the return of the buffalo in the 20th and 21st centuries as, however simulated, attempts at a return to homes on the range, and at living on the frontier, even if the frontier has been relocated to the vicinity of the Fermilab bosons where a small buffalo herd is maintained.

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A nők elleni erőszak témája a színpadon Dugonics András Bátori Mária című szomorújátékában

Author(s): Katalin Szabó P. / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 11/2019

One of the best works of András Dugonics is considered to be Bátori Mária (1794). Although the drama is based on Soden’s Ignes de Castro that takes place in Munich in 1784, Dugonics’s play is set in the Hungarian Middle Ages. In Kálmán Könyves’s medieval court, the dramatic conflict arises when duke István frees himself of his first marriage that was arranged for political reasons, and he does not want to mourn his deceased wife, but instead he wants to raise his affair with Mária Bátori to the level of approved marriage by the Church. The specific motifs of the Hungarian literature of the 18th century can be found in the text of the sad play, but, opposed to Kálmán and István, Dugonics did not put on the stage only an element of the era like the rejection of the parental will, but also the conflict for the throne between father and his son. In my study, I reveal how the motive of violence against women appears in András Dugonics’s drama, and I intend to add contributions to the dramatic tradition of József Katona’s national tragic drama of Bánk bán.

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A positive hero for everyone? The memorialization of Srđan Aleksić in post-Yugoslav countries

Author(s): Nicolas Moll / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2016

Despite various attempts, the memory of persons who helped and rescued endangered persons “from the other side” during the breakup wars of Yugoslavia is rarely publicly acknowledged. There is, nevertheless, one exception: the case of Srđan Aleksić, a young Bosnian Serb who was killed while saving a Muslim acquaintance in Trebinje in January 1993. Since2007, Srđan Aleksić has not only become publicly known, but his memory is also widely positively connoted in different countries and by groups ofvarious political and ethnic backgrounds in the post-Yugoslav space. This article analyzes the emergence of this memory and the narratives around it, how fragile or strong the consensus which has emerged around his memory is, and what this memorialization indicates about the current memory culture in post-Yugoslav countries and its evolutions.

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A Reflection on the Survival of Fahrudin Meminović

Author(s): Keith D. Doubt / Language(s): English / Issue: 4/2020

It is difficult to understand the executioners of the genocide in Srebrenica. What were they doing? Why were they doing it? What were they thinking? How could they have done what they did? In Srebrenica MCMXCV [2017], Emir Suljagić recounts a testimony from an executioner told to the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia after a massacre near Srebrenica in July 1995: From that pile, that heap of dead bodies that did not resemble human bodies any more, a human being emerged. I said human being, but it was actually a boy, five or six years old. It was unbelievable. Unbelievable. A human being came out and started walking towards a path, a path along which men were standing, doing their job, carrying automatic rifles… And then, out of nowhere they all put their guns down and all of them were just paralysed. And it was only a child in front of them. . . . And this child was covered in the tissue and intestines of other humans . . . And this child emerged from the pile of executed people, calling: «Babo»…. this is their word for father. The boy said, «Babo, where are you?»

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A Study of the Understated Violence Within Social Contexts Against Adolescent Girls

Author(s): Shivangi Nigam,Niranjana Soperna / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2017

Violence against women is linked to their disadvantaged position in the society. It is rooted in unequal power relationships between men and women in society and is a global problem which is not limited to a specific group of women in society. An adolescent girl’s life is often accustomed to the likelihood of violence, and acts of violence exert additional power over girls because the stigma of violence often attaches more to a girl than to the  perpetrator. The experience of violence is distressing at the individual emotional and physical level. The field of research and programmes for adolescent girls has traditionally focused on sexuality, reproductive health, and behaviour, neglecting the broader social issues that underpin adolescent girls’ human rights, overall development, health, and well-being. This paper is an endeavour to address the understated or disguised form of violence which the adolescent girls experience within the social contexts. The parameters exposed under this research had been ignored to a large extent when it comes to studying the dimension of violence under the social domain. Hence, the researchers attempted to explore this camouflaged form of violence and discovered some specific parameters such as: Diminished Self Worth and Esteem, Verbal Abuse, Menstruation Taboo and Social Rigidity, Negligence of Medical and Health Facilities and Complexion- A Prime Parameter for Judging Beauty. The study was conducted in the districts of Haryana (India) where personal interviews were taken from both urban and rural adolescent girls (aged 13 to 19 years) based on  a structured interview schedule. The results revealed that the adolescent girls, both in urban as well as rural areas were quite affected with the above mentioned issues. In urban areas, however, due to the higher literacy rate, which resulted in more rational thinking, the magnitude was comparatively smaller, but the difference was still negligible.

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A WORD FROM THE EDITOR

Author(s): Adib Đozić / Language(s): English / Issue: 8/2019

In Volume 6 of the edition “Monumenta Srebrenica“ we talked about the phenomenon and meaning of the culture of remembering for the whole socio-historical existence of social groups, first and foremost, nations and states. In the last, Volume 7 of the edition “Monumenta Srebrenica“, we discussed only one, specific form of collective consciousness of Bosniaks, that has developed recently, and that is self-shame, and we can also call it self-hatred, auto-chauvinism and the like, but that form of consciousness is very similar to the inferiority complex, that essentially degrades one’s own and values other cultural, traditional, political, religious and other life values.

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ABD İSTİHBARATINDA YAŞANAN DEĞİŞİMLER

Author(s): Sait Yılmaz / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 13/2012

Dünyada istihbaratın güvenlik, dış politika, savunma, özel şirketler ve teknoloji ile dansı her gün yeni örnekler ile başımızı döndürüyor. Geçtiğimiz döneme Wikileaks, El Kaide lideri Bin Ladin’in öldürülmesi damgasını vururken, Arap Baharı adı verilen Orta Doğu ayaklanmaları ile savunma-sosyal medya-istihbarat işbirlikleri bir kez daha öne çıkıyor. Siber alanda her gün yeni bir teknolojik gelişme ile karşılaşıyoruz. 11 Eylül 2001’den beri Batılı istihbarat servisleri büyük bir değişim geçirmekte, yeni güvenlik ortamına adapte olabilmek için teknolojiyi önlerine katarak yarışmaktadırlar. Görüntü ve sinyal istihbaratı için uzayda yapılan yarışa, ekonomik istihbarat alanındaki yarış eklendi. Son 50 yıldır istihbarat alanındaki reform girişimleri sadece teşkilat düzenlemeleri ile istihbarat örgütlerinin bir yere varamayacağını göstermiştir. İstihbarat reformları sadece prosedürel değişim değil, yeni durumlara kendini adapte edebilecek şekilde kültürel değişimi de gerektirmektedir. Bu makalede önce istihbarat alanında reform çalışmalarına daha sonra CIA’dan başlayarak, Amerikan istihbarat sisteminde son dönemde yapılan çalışmalara yer vereceğiz.

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