Simpozij: Starost – izzivi historičnega raziskovanja
Conference report: Simpozij Starost – izzivi historičnega raziskovanja (Ljubljana, 8. in 9. november 2016)
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Conference report: Simpozij Starost – izzivi historičnega raziskovanja (Ljubljana, 8. in 9. november 2016)
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This paper describes contemporary changes in marriage, relationships and family in European populations, and then their evolution from the last decade of the twentieth century till present day, as well as various forms and types, in which plurality of contemporary partnership unions is revealed. The other goal of this supplement was to provide a wider theoretical-hypothetical, explanatory framework for understand-ing what is happening in population (on appearance level) but now in the context of contemporary societies. Three variables are introduced: macro (paradigm of modernization, namely social, i.e structural and cultural changes), micro (paradigm: resources-limitations-behavior) and mezzo (differences in social and demographic development of countries of North, Western, South and Central and Eastern Europe (former socialistic countries in transition).Cautious predictions on what could be expected in future concerning: empirical documented differences of living arrangements of European populations of the West, but also of the East, as well as relative demographic consequences. On the macro level (paradigm structure/culture) the responses depend on the rate the two main social processes will develop: 1) development of "European society", and 2) the birth of "world" (global) society. Most of the authors conclude on the convergence of social and demographic development on the territory of Western, but not Eastern Europe (and especially the Balkans). This conclusion concerns even the countries of the South European region, considering that it is uncertain in which direction and speed will their integration into the European Union develop.With regards to the trend of decreasing fertility, a continuance of existing secular tendencies may be expected in future as well, even on the whole European territory, and that it will be supported by social changes of (post) modernization, individualization and rational behavior, so that it will become a general model. For now it is evident that convergence of social and demographic development may be demonstrated on the territory of Western but not Eastern Europe as well (and especially of the Balkans). The later is also valid when the Southern European region is in question, considering that it is uncertain in which direction and at what speed will their integration into the European Union develop.With regards to the trend of decreasing fertility, a continuance of tendencies may be expected in future as well, on the whole European territory, and that it will be supported by social changes of (post) modernization, individualization and rational behavior, so that in most cases parents will satisfy their needs with only one child. On the contrary, family forms and life styles will probably reflect differences between countries of the North and Western Europe in future as well on the one hand, and Southern on the other hand, and Central and Eastern Europe (former socialistic countries) on the third hand.Readiness for marriage, partnership styles, as well as aspirations to forming families will depend on individual decisions, which will result from personal resources and limiting factors (macro, mezzo and micro). On the aggregate level of population, the result will be polarization between non-family and family households. Social conditions of foregoing modernization (increase of risks, job uncertainty, country prosperity crisis) as well as globalization will probably contribute to increasing the polarization process. The same conclusion may be derived for the group of former socialist countries of Central and Eastern Europe (and the Balkans) as well, whose key problem now is finishing the process of transformation towards market economy.
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The reasons for the custom of bride kidnapping in the North Caucasus are investigated. The analysis of statistical indicators of the number of kidnappings, the number of criminal cases, the unemployment rate, the dynamics of per capita income in the region. There are three main reasons for the bride’s abduction: lack of time or desire for courtship; lack of money for redemption and holding a wedding celebration; the inability to obtain consent to the marriage of the bride’s relatives. The authors pay special attention to the socio-economic reasons that characterize the standard of living in the North Caucasus region. The results of sociological research show that the vast majority of abductions lead to extremely negative consequences — unhappy marriages, broken families, broken lives, a vendetta, murder and suicide, etc. To prevent this it is necessary to make use of complex approach: from crime prevention to criminal prosecution.
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The article considers such a layer of everyday life of Russian women belonging to the bourgeois class, which was associated with their dependence on their husbands. Such a dependence was established through the need to obtain an internal passport, which made it possible to move around the Empire, only with the consent of their husbands. Both the tactics and strategies of daily resistance of women to this legally provided form of dependence are investigated. The modernizing Russian city and the gradual destruction of patriarchal family relations in the period of widely conducted reforms forced women to actively seek work necessary for survival. This was prevented by the “passport addiction” from husbands and from local authorities. The cut of everyday women’s bourgeois practices allows us to see how the woman was emancipated from her social environment, using small tactics for adaptations to her social “caste” and family status.
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Introduction: Natural family planning is a way of life employed by married couples who respect it's physical sphere. Natural methods that take account of woman's fertile days, which serve this purpose, are based on reading the signs of fertility (temperature, mucus, cervix) and refraining from sexual intercourse during fertile window when you do not want to conceive a child. Withdrawal method, mentioned in the title, means pulling the penis out of the vagina before ejaculation to prevent pregnancy. This study aims to answer the following question: Can the popular withdrawal method be included in natural methods and thereby in natural family planning due to the lack of necessity to use external chemical or mechanical means hampering conception of a child? Method: Analytical method will be used for purposes of this study. Analysis will include the substance of natural family planning and the withdrawal method. Conclusions: The analysis will show why withdrawal method cannot be included in natural family planning. This study will additionally mention the possibility of nonconsummation of marriage, due to the method used, in the light of the Canon Law of the Catholic Church.
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The aim of this study; analyzing, with family reference, the projection of state and government on the results and reflections of the entrance to a compulsory interaction with a social life of people who cannot put forth their presence and purpose of creation by themselves. The evaluation of the family as the smallest structure in the society shows the absence of the functional structure of the individual. First and foremost, socialization is possible by providing a necessary harmony around certain rules of continuity of togetherness. The aim and reality underlying the concept of unity, in terms of individual and its context, is the necessity of being one and together in spite of many different understandings and beliefs in terms of physical, spiritual, religious, political and ideological and so on. There is no doubt that it is possible to achieve such a conflict-free differences only through a state-centered mechanism which approaches the set rules in a human-centered manner. The core of the human-centered understanding in the state organization is hidden in the reality of the concept of democracy.
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Introduction: Each canonical marriage is characterised with the attributes of unity and indissolubility which, as stipulated by the ecclesiastical legislator in cannon 1056 of the Code of Cannon Law, acquire particular force due to their sacramental nature. Such attributes permit the achievement of the objective of marriage, which is the welfare of the spouse, and the welfare of the offspring. In the study, apart from elaborating on the interpretation of the cannon, I wish to point to the fact of increasingly frequent elimination of such attributes by particular believers, which exclusion results in the invalidity of marriage. Another problem is the incapacity, independent of one’s will, to undertake marital duties, which include the care for such understood relationship.
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Income inequality is an important indicator of the modern Russian economy’s development. Economists and sociologists actively discuss the issues of reducing income differentiation and poverty on the global arena within the framework of approaches studying the so-called “new inequality’. At the same time, income inequality leads to new forms of inequality in household incomes. The article aims to assess the forms in which one generation’s financial success is reproduced in subsequent generations.Moreover, we examine to which extent a university degree provides social mobility. We analyzed the data on income inequality in Russia for the period from 1980 to 2015, presented in the World Database on Wealth and Income (WID), supplemented by the results of graduates’ monitoring we conducted. To process the data, we used classification and expert assessment methods.The analysis of the data on income inequality has revealed the stagnation in middle- and lower-class incomes due to increased incomes of the 10 % richest population. The study’s key conclusion is that investments (both state and private costs from family income) in obtaining a university degree by families with moderate financial success are effective and justified in the long term. The applicants from middle-income families require support: in such families, 49 % of university graduates already have a similar level of income at the start of their careers, and another 16 % are financially successful. This group’s graduates are motivated to work in their professional sphere after graduation. The results are applicable for optimizing the admission process in leading universities, taking into account the approaches to income inequality. Such method can contribute to enhancing human potential in the Ural region and to ensuring effective investments in the development of higher education by state authorities.
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Since 1880s, early childhood education which started with emergence of kindergartens and which is a subject educationists have dealt with for centuries has proceeded recently in our country. Early education is education which is done to support 0-6-year-old-children ’s physical, mental, emotional, social and moral development in home and institutional environments. During this period, children ’s development is rather fast and they are ready to learn several skills. Till school age, family is an important institution regarding which values will be acquired. Children are more affected by what is done than what is said. Comperative surveys show that most of the children who have been educated early are more compatible and have acquired most of the skills better than the ones who haven’t educated and have similar characteristic when they start going to school. Children are unique and rather recipient creatures who are different from adults in terms of emotions, behaviours, thoughts and development properties; open to learning, improving and changing. Thus, early confrontation with stimulus and getting well planned and qualifıed education in a good environment is quiet important for them. Surveys show that %50 of mental development till 17 years depends on education they get till 4 years, %30 of it depends on education from 4 up to 8 years and %33 of school success till 18 years depends on education from 0 to 6 years.
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The aim of this research is analyzing of family life and child rearing attitudes of mothers whose childeren continue their pre-school education. The samples to conduct this research were collected from 334 families live in city center, counties and villages of Sivas. Parental Attitude Research Instrument (PARI) method and general survey were used by collecting data. The research ’s results showed that family life and child rearing attitudes of the mothers are affected by age, occupation and educational level of the mother, educational level and occupation offather, age of child, family type and dwelling place of the family.
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Defining a family as a system of related elements that are in mutual relations with each other, it is assumed that understanding its individual parts is not possible in separation from the whole. Breaking the bond by isolating one of its members leads to system disturbances and the need to reorganize it. If the unit is placed in a penitentiary institution, it is condemned to long-term exclusion from its family, which in turn leads to dysregulation of the system, and even - in the situation of inability to cope with change - the break-up of the family.
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The aim of this study is to investigate spiritual support services implemented in institutions that are related to social work. In this context, four institutions were determined to be investigated. These institutions are affiliated with family and social policy, justice services, health service and religion service. Institutionalisation of spiritual support services and what kind of spiritual support services are implemented in these institutions are examined. Historical process of spiritual support services in these institutions are handled. Moreover, what are being implemented relating spiritual support services are investigated. According to the results spiritual support services are performed by Religious Affairs Directorate. Furthermore, it was seen that until 2000’s spiritual support services were conducted on religion basis, after that date these services have partly been split from religion and implemented as spiritual support services.
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Child abuse and neglect are defined as all actions and in actions that are directed to a child by an adult and are qualified as inconvenient and detrimental limiting the child development. Child abuse arises from the sophisticated relationship among personal, familial and social risk factors and it is examined under four main titles as physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse and neglect. Child abuse and neglect are the case also in our country like the case in other countries and it is a sensitive issue that all governments and various institutions should cooperate on it. Therefore, the view of the adults on the issue is very important for the determination of precautions. Based on this reality, this study aims to determine the knowledge level of adults in the society on child abuse and neglect. 'The adults who apply to Çorum Family Health Center constitute the attendee of the study and 425 adults applying to the family health center are the scope of study.
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The research was conducted to compare attitudes towards dementia between the medical staff and general population. The sample consisted of a total of 129 persons, of which 23 medical workers who have working directly with elderly including persons with dementia and 106 people from the general population. The subjects responded to questions from the Dementia Attitude Scale. The results have shown that there are statistically significant differences between the general population and the medical staff at the average values of the attitude towards dementia both on the factor of comfort and on the factor of knowledge. Additional informing and education for general population and for medical workers can lead to the modification of attitudes and contribute to the formation of dementia friendly community.
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Review of: RUSKİN John (2016). Susam ve Zambaklar, Translation: Türkan Turgut, Ankara: Doğu Batı Yayınları, Review by: Şaziye Dinçer
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Family; Mother, father, and their children. The bond and structure between the family and the family members who change with time are different from the culture. Family institutions, like individuals, are affected by environmental, biological, psychological and social processes. When women entered the working life, serious changes occurred in the family structure. The time for working with children and housework has been reduced in relation to the decrease in the amount of wages the working woman has spent at home. As a result, some of the jobs that are seen as women's tasks in our society are also involved in men.
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This article discusses the changing current employment structure and its impact on working family’s chances to balance personal life and paid work and to reconcile personal, economic, social and psychological interests. Because of the changing employment nature manifested by flexible, less formalized market relationships and growing social insecurity, working families increasingly experience normalization and institutionalization of precarious employment forms in the job market and political sphere. On the one hand, the appearance of new employment forms creates new possibilities for some people but, on the other hand, they also accelerate very intense social problems such as the increasing number of divorces or distanced families, the expansion of depression, overwork, burnouts or even work-based suicides, late childbirth, working people’s poverty, the intensifying sense of social insecurity and gradually decreasing possibilities to ensure appropriate life chances to live a “liveable life.” For this reason, it is very important to stimulate an interdisciplinary and deeply contextual dialog about such dimensions as family, care, paid work and time. The article examines all these dimensions by attempting to elaborate ideas for further discussions and to stimulate more humanistic narrative about a “liveable life” and work-personal life balance in contemporary society.
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The purpose of the present study was to examine the mediational role of self-esteem on the associations among parental attachment, perceived mother/father attitudes and peer relationships in adolescents. Another aim of the study was to investigate whether peer relationships differ to parental styles and gender in adolescents. The sample of this study composed of students who participated from different secondary schools and high schools in Mersin. The participants of the study consisted of 399 students whose age ranged from 12 to 18 years. The results indicated that there was a partial mediation role of self-esteem between parental (mother) attachment and peer loyalty. In addition, self-esteem partially mediated the relationship between perceived father acceptance /interest /love attitude and peer loyalty. Analyzes was conducted to investigate whether the sub-dimensions of peer relationships differed to different parenting styles and sex. The findings showed that peer relationships differed in terms of different parenting styles and sex. The implications of the findings and future research are discussed. In the light of the obtained results, attachment patterns and parental attitudes towards adolescents are considerably important on peer relationships. Therefore, it is suggested that future studies will consider parental attitudes along with father-child relationships in the child-rearing process.
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The aim of this study is to compare young adults with and without substance use disorders in terms of their self esteem and family environment. It is aimed to find out what the distinguishing factors are in terms of the perceived parental acceptance-rejection and parenting styles from mother and father. The sample of the study included 140 young adults (129 male, 11 female) aged between 15 and 25 years (Mean = 20.9) who were admitted to Ankara Alcohol and Substance Dependency Treatment and Training Center Clinic (AMATEM), and 146 (140 male, 6 female) young adults without substance use disorders matched in terms of demographic variables. The data were collected with the Personal Information Form containing demographic information, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSS), the Parental Acceptance-Rejection Questionnaire (PARQ) and the Parenting Style Inventory (PSI). According to the results, participants with substance use disorders perceived significantly more maternal and paternal rejection, control, strictness/ supervision and less acceptance/involvement than the comparison group. Young adults with substance use disorder had lower self-esteem scores than participants without substance use disorders. Comparing groups in terms of parenting styles, participants with substance use disorders perceived both parents as authoritarian. Parental acceptance-rejection, parenting style, family environment and self-esteem have been found to be important factors in young adults substance use disorder.
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The paper presents the impacts on family functioning from the view of parents of a child born with a disability. Caring for a disabled child is a stressful situation for parents, with which they deal differently. The focus of the paper is on family preparedness and awareness, and the ability of parents to accept a child with a disability.
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