"Anti-aging" medicina: suvremene spoznaje i implementacija u svakodnevni život u cilju očuvanja zdravlja

Author(s): Jasna Čerkez Habek / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 7/2013

By the progress in diagnostics and therapy in up-to-date medicine, the length of life becomes prolonged; hence, the Republic of Croatia belongs to countries with very old population. According to the data from the Croatian Bureau of Statistics, the share of the population over 65 years of age in Croatia is 17.7 %, whereby our country “fits well” into the average of the European Union, where 17.5 % of the population belongs to this age group. By aging, the frequency of developing cardiovascular and malign diseases grows; however, a change in the life style may prevent this from happening. The paper presents the newest knowledge in the “anti-aging” medicine, the scientifically substantiated proof of its impact on maintaining health, and the possibilities for its implementation locally, adapted to the situation in the Bjelovar-Bilogora Country.

"BIO SAM NAVUČEN" – TRANSFORMATIVNO ISKUSTVO BIVŠIH ZAVISNIKA: ULOGA NARATIVNOG IDENTITETA, RELIGIJSKE KONVERZIJE I SOCIJALNE PODRŠKE U PROCESU REHABILITACIJE

Author(s): Srđan Sremac,Tatjana Radić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 3/2010

The theme of the article is the narrative reconstruction of identity among former heroin addicts in which it is necessary to replace an old, stigmatized identity with a new one. Furthermore, religious conversion and social support are seen as key aspects of this process. The authors do not claim that a narrative reconstruction of identity is the sole or most important factor in the cure of addicts, but is certainly an unavoidable aspect of successful recovery. The authors base this claim on 10 interviews undertaken with former addicts. Moreover, the authors emphasize that a narrative method makes possible an adequate approach to the analysis of testimonies of conversion and in this way helps researchers to more easily understand the psychological and spiritual transformation of former addicts, as well as a better comprehension of the role of spirituality in their narratives. In this work the authors understand conversion as an adaptive mechanism which helps a former addict to get rid of psychological conflicts and to in this way create a new self-narrative. Furthermore, the authors consider that on the occasion of telling a story, addicts are given the opportunity for reinterpreting and reconstructing their past, as well as planning their future in the context of newly-adopted religious (canonical) language. Therefore, former addicts construct their life story as a typical story of conversion.

"ETHICS BY MOVIE". AN ALTERNATIVE ETHICS TRAINING METHOD FOR FUTURE PROFESSIONALS. A PILOT STUDY AMONG ROMANIAN STUDENTS

Author(s): Daniela-Tatiana Agheorghiesei,Vladimir Poroch / Language(s): English Issue: 53/2016

The paper presents the results of an empirical research that explored the opinion of Romanian students from four different professional Master’s Degree programs, on the impact of applying the method that we have called “Ethics by Movie” (creating the students’ own video scenarios on an ethical topic in teams) on substantiating ethical knowledge, ethical attitude and ethical behavior. The final sample consisted of 395 respondents. The students appreciate several advantages of the above mentioned teaching and learning method (”an ideal practice for understanding a theoretical concept”, ”an interactive method of learning” that helped them ”to acquire ethical concepts more easily or to reflect more deeply on the importance which must be given to ethical behavior, on the consequences of unethical behavior”, etc). Our study might prove to be useful due to the fact that it revives attention to a complementary teaching method that can contribute to increasing awareness of the ethical issues around us, to learning ethical concepts in a more substantiated manner, to the need to solve the ethical dilemmas related to the fact that we must be solidarity in the fight against unethical actions and that, through everything we do, we can send out own ethical message.

"IT’S SECURITY, BUT NOT INSURANCE." CORD BLOOD BANKING PRACTICES BETWEEN BIO-COSMOPOLITANISM AND GIFT ECONOMY

Author(s): Sandra Appleby-Arnold / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2012

During the last two decades, umbilical cord blood (CB) has become increasingly accepted as a stem cellrich source which can be used in, primarily, leukaemia treatments as an alternative to bone marrow. Since then, there can be observed a worldwide development of public and private CB banks who either store donated CB units for allogeneic non-directed use, or, at a fee, for potential autologous (private) family use. Both public and private banks, however, do not only depend on local politics, legal frameworks, and medical systems, but are also embedded in the respective social environments and societies they act within, which represent divergent public discourses about professional roles and accountability as well as personal attitudes and practices towards healthcare and biomedicine. In the contested field between continuously increasing biomedical knowledge about CB, cognitive uncertainty, different role ascriptions and perceived responsibilities between public donation and private storage, the various social actors (parents, doctors, midwives, CB bank employees etc.) develop specific strategies of (non)-knowledge management and reinvent or transform "traditional" values and practices in this new biomedical context. With Germany and the UK as societies under research because of their contrasting difference in the individual perception and institutional construction of healthcare, it is revealed how the "mobility" of CB has the potential to test and blur the boundaries between putative antipodes on a variety of levels, developing everyday practices and attitudes which can, perhaps, be best described as "bio-cosmopolitanism".

"Luminare majus...", Veneţia, 1566. Forme farmaceutice de ieri, forme farmaceutice de azi – studiu de caz

Author(s): Lucian-Mihai Stănescu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 4/2011

ABSTRACT: The Library of University of Medicine and Pharma‑cy „Carol Davila”, Bucarest, preserves important and wonderfulmedical and pharmaceutical books from XVth –XVIth centuries.In this article we studied the first part of „Luminare majus...”,printed in Venice (1566)–(CS XVI V5). This book presents theteachings of Johannes Mesue and of Salernitan School whichremained highly important in the XVIth century. In the fif‑teen parts of „Luminare majus” are sumarized pharmaceuticalproducts with arab influence and we are informed on the tech‑nological process of drugs in Renaissance.We can affirm that the continuity through the centuries and thetherapeutical quality are preserved, (like in Romanian Pharma‑copoea 10th edition); of course there are many changes but theancient pharmaceutical nucleus is maintained.KEYWORDS: books of heritage, Johannes Mesue, Antidotary,Salernitan School, arab pharmacy

"Mislim, realno, tko voli školu?": Iskustvo školovanja osnovnoškolskih dječaka s ADHD-om

Author(s): Andreja Bartolac / Language(s): English,Croatian Issue: 1/2021

Although attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders observed in childhood, ADHD research in Croatia, especially studies involving children, are extremely rare. Therefore, the aim of this paper was to describe the personal everyday school life experiences of boys with ADHD who were studying in elementary schools. This study included a purposive sample of 14 boys with ADHD aged 8 to 11 years who attended mainstream elementary schools. Three semi-structured phenomenological interviews were conducted with each boy. Special attention was given to ensure that the methodological approach used in this study was child-centred, child-friendly, and child-safe. Interpretative phenomenological analysis was used to analyse the data. Data collected on the school experiences of the boys with ADHD are presented via two themes: (1) challenges of schooling with ADHD, and (2) support at school: the importance of recognition, sensitivity, and relationships. This study demonstrates that boys with ADHD can recognize the challenges associated with their schooling and find it very difficult to take part in school activities that require directing and maintaining attention, organization, perseverance, flexible attention, and working memory. Consequently, the boys reported that they experience failure, frustration, and reduced self-confidence in their own abilities. Boys participating in this study were able to recognize the support received at school from their teachers and teaching assistants, as well as the obstacles that occurred due to misunderstandings, lack of sensitivity to their neurodiversity, and failure to apply the Individualised Education Program. The boys also provided clear descriptions of the adjustments necessary to make their school experience easier. The results of this study illustrate that children with ADHD face specific psycho-social risks, followed by recommendation that their experiences should be considered during the development of educational policies, given their participatory rights and their role as equal stakeholders.

"Risk literacy" and social cleavages: Vulnerability in three acts

Author(s): Tom Hashimoto,Aras Zirgulis / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2021

Although recent studies show widening socio-economic divisions due to the COVID-19 pandemic, many such divisions were already identified as social cleavages. Scholars and observers tend to view the world in a dichotomous manner, overgeneralising their analyses along known cleavages. Therefore, the relevance of our work as scholars is at risk and we, the scholars of the contemporary world, are “vulnerable” to the temptation of ignoring the details, nuances, and complexities. The uneven impact of and recovery from the pandemic is not necessarily binary – for example, a refusal to follow the medical consensus (e.g. social distancing, vaccination) can be observed on both sides of many cleavages. Against such a background, this paper first characterises the pandemic as a medical, socio-economic, and information crisis. With the former two “pillars” resembling the known cleavages, the third pillar goes beyond the physical access to information and deals with the people’s perception of various risks. Such a behavioural angle to the vulnerability – labelled “risk literacy” – highlights the phenomenon of “digital divide” and shows a promising feature as an additional analytical tool. By familiarising ourselves with the people’s varying risk perceptions, we increase our own literacy against the risk of overgeneralization.

"Sоциологи в белом": конструирование профессиональной позиции в медицинском поле

Author(s): Anastasia Novkunskaya,Daria Litvina,Anna Temkina / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3/2021

This article presents research reflections on the fieldwork conducted in a medical organization in Russia. We emphasize how our professional positioning in the field was changing as a result of the ethnographic immersion into the empirical work. Addressing the insider/outsider dilemma and testing some of the feminist principles of interactions with research participants, we find that we neither become “insiders” nor remain “outsiders” in the organization we study but obtain a temporary position of svoi (literally,”ours”) for its “inhabitants.” We focus on the construction of our own positioning in the field, which is accomplished through the participants’ perception of and interactions with us: they identify, examine, (un)dress, and trust (or do not trust) us. We believe that the “making” of the feminist sociologist is accomplished through the process of research reflection and care happening in the field. We use the metaphor “a sociologist in white” (as an allusion to the classic 1960s book Boys in White: Student Culture in Medical School) to denote this particular kind of positioning of the researcher. The article is written in an experimental format: In the first (analytical) part we discuss the basic principles that help to analyze the experience of being a researcher in the medical field. In the second, “operational” part we reconstruct conditions in which the research and our professional positions have become the subject of our reflections as well as the reflections of other participants of the study. In the article we reconstruct conditions and situations of the actual fieldwork and, drawing on our individual experiences, show different interpretations of our professional positions.

"Tıp Öykücülüğü" Üzerine

Author(s): Hasan Erbay / Language(s): Turkish Issue: Special/2017

Medicine is a discipline with its own rules and manner of operation. Literature is one of the dozens of kinds of art. The common point of both fields is that they touch human stories from within life. Human stories in the field of health are about the processes in which a person lives, may live or is able to live. With the definition of medical story, it is narrative which are written by medical staffs, especially physicians. Medical narratives are fictitious narratives connected with medical realities, interpreting the health environment from the perspective of a physician or health care provider. Such is the primary concern of the works in the literary concerns. The medical narratiation is a field with a limited number of examples in both Turkish literature and world literature. Due to the diversity of medical education models in recent years, there is a growing interest in the relationship of medicine with literature and social sciences. Both in terms of medical education and in the context of literary and medical literacy, “Medical Narratiation” as a product of “quest of beauty” is a new and distinctive area in Turkish literature.

"Zdravo je biti Amerikanac": Rana hrvatska imigracija u SAD, prakse na otoku Ellis i stvaranje hrvatske dijaspore

Author(s): Tanja Bukovčan / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 29/2006

From 1892 to 1954 more than 12 million immigrants entered the United States through its famous gateway, Ellis Island. They were processed through immigration procedure and majority of them, from that period, were allowed to enter the US and become the citizens of their choice. Poverty, scarcity and hard field labour forced many Croats to seek better life in America. Almost four millions of them went through the Ellis Island in the period from 1880 to 1930. Very young, of average age not more than 22, most of them single males, together with all other steerage passengers, underwent the quick medical examinations, "six seconds physicals" through which they were checked for signs of infectious diseases, insanity, "feeblemindedness" of physical defects. To avoid the trap of being too easily critical 100 years after Ellis Island happenings, it has to be said that they were a practical solution to immigration admission. The number of people entering the US through Ellis Island could reach 5000 up to 11000 people per day during America's peak immigration years from 1890-1924. However, Ellis Island practices legitimatized and deepened the division between the ethnically desirable (North and Western Europe immigrants) and less desirable (South-Eastern Europe and Asia). Furthermore, they provided a mass demonstration of power and political practices, which used health as an instrument of separation between those who were eligible to become the members of a politically stable, healthy labour force, and those who were not. This paper tries to examine in what way did such "segregatory" practices, which already at the entrance to the New World, defined Croats and other immigrants as possibly unhealthy, insane or inapt, influence the formation of Croatian Diaspora in North America as a culturally distinct ethnic group. It also raises the question as to how will the newly emerging medical borders affect notions of ethnicity and the ways in which dispersed/displaced peoples construct their identities in the time of "global ethnoscapes" (Appadurai) The fact that this first "legalized" segregation on the basis of a six-second medical examination was going on under the shadow of the Statue of Liberty, shows to what extent it was assumed as "scientifically" reasonable and politically correct, and explains the existence of its current practices of creating medical borders. Who remains on the other side of the medical border? The ethnical and cultural "Others", or, just "the ill"?

"ZOVITE IH PO OČEVIMA NJIHOVIM": MUŠKA STERILNOST I NOVE REPRODUKTIVNE TEHNOLOGIJE U SVETLU ISLAMA

Author(s): Marko Pišev / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2012

Generally speaking, many patrilineal and patrilocal communities highly appreciate male fertility. In islamic societies Qur'an dogma givs strict preference to patrilinearity over matrilinearity, and ascribes primary importance to the biological fatherhood. The reader of Qur'an will, in the Surat Al-Ahzab, come across the verse "Name your adopted sons after their fathers, that is more just with Allah", while one of the experts on Arabic literature emphasizes the fact that male characters in many stories stand out through their fatherhood, especially the one expressed in relation to their sons. In such social context – shaped mainly by the absolute authority of faith – reproductive "incompetence" of an individual is reflected through specific biological "defect" which primarily stigmatizes male population. Thus, women are those who most often take over "the guilt" of infertility. Discussing some elements of islamic bioethics this paper shall focus on the issues whether and how new reproductive technologies are being used for treatment of male sterility in these societies, as well as whether it is – by their practical use – possible to decrease tensions that emanate from the conflict of male reproductive "unfulfillment" and traditional notions of the purity of the descent (nasab).

"По-русски говорите": сообщение информации и обратная связь во взаимодействии врача-генетика и Пациента

Author(s): Aleksandr Shirokov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2019

The article is devoted to the analysis of interactions between geneticists and patients through the perspectives of ethnomethodology and conversation analysis. The focus of the research is on how geneticists deliver medical information to their patients and how patients are involved in this process. The primary data are audio recordings and ethnographic observations of genetic counseling sessions conducted in July–December 2018. The study also uses materials from interviews with geneticists and from genetics textbooks that deal with issues of patient-provider communication. The author criticizes some features characteristic of the research on “information delivery” in a medical context. First, such studies are often one-sided: although they analyze how the patient understands information and what it means to him/her, the patient is represented as a passive recipient of information. This article, conversely, argues that the patient is also an active participant in the process of formulating information through various kinds of promptings, clarifications, and responses. Thus, communication of information is a joint achievement of doctor and patient. Secondly, when analyzing information delivery, various expressions, for example, “yes,” “aha,” “ooh,” and such, are considered signals of epistemic status change in conversation analysis. That is, it is assumed that these are signals that the recipient has received the information and understood the message. The question of which part of the message the recipient understood is hardly addressed. This article highlights a specific feature of the interaction between geneticist and patients: the difficulty of achieving mutual understanding. For the doctor, a description of the patient’s condition and his/her diagnosis is “packed” into abstract medical concepts, the explanation of which is problematic during the consultation process. Hence the difficulty of reaching an understanding, which happens either when the doctor himself/ herself begins to use everyday language or when the patient begins to ask for clarification in everyday language (although this can lead to tension). Using medical terms, the doctor gives a report, but it does not explain everything to the patient, and because of the problematic nature of the demonstration of misunderstanding, the patient has almost no way to tell the doctor about it.

"Съвременни аспекти при болестта на Бехтерев"

Author(s): Troycho Troev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 01+02/2016

#ostanikodkućeslobodan

Author(s): Jelisaveta Blagojević / Language(s): Serbian

Ne pišem nikakav dnevnik, nemam dobre savete za naredne dane, nikakve sudbonosne ili ohrabrujuće misli, ništa od toga. Verujem da poprilično mediokritetski prolazim kroz ovaj period: loša koncentracija, u potrazi za odgovorima, čitanje između redova, histerija, tuga, paranoja… pa novi krug. Loše spavam, loša sam i kad sam budna, ali ništa vredno pomena. Kad pogledam kako su nas sa svih strana prignječili, i nisam tako loše. Eto, da znate.

(Ana)lfabeta u ružnoj akciji

Author(s): Rodoljub Šabić / Language(s): Serbian

„Gledao sam ovo sa Anom. Stvarno idu predaleko. Naručeno pitanje, neka leva TV, pa odgovor – nizak napad na vas.“Ovo je jedna od više sličnih poruka kojima su me juče obavestili da sam bio predmet kritike premijerke Ane Brnabić na njenoj konferenciji za medije. I da je uz kritiku moje stručnosti (i to, zamislite, baš povodom mog nedavnog teksta na Peščaniku, koji je stavljen u isti rang sa pitanjem državne televizije Kine!) kažu, doduše tiše, u pola glasa, dozvolila sebi i nekakve insinuacije na račun mog, zna se, lošeg karaktera i zlih namera.

(Be)Longing: Coping Among Ageing Filipinas In Valencia, Spain

Author(s): Mari-An Santos,Alvarez Catis / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The Philippines is one of the largest migrant-sending countries in the world. Through their remittances, Filipino migrants sustain their families and the Philippine economy. Much literature has examined the phenomenon from perspectives of families left behind, but their emotional narratives are understudied. From narratives of ageing Filipinas (Filipino women) in Valencia, Spain who have lived there for more than 10 years, using the decolonised methodology of Sikolohiyang Pilipino or SP (Philippine Psychology), this research examines what drives their (be)longing. It is part of a larger study conducted from March to April 2019. The research reveals that the Filipino emotional culture of utang na loob drives coping in two ways: through faith in God within the context of the Catholic church and compassion built within Filipino communities over time. These are only some among a multitude of narratives of searching and finding a semblance of home... away from home. Considering what they contribute to the sending and receiving countries, these emotional narratives must be considered to address the psychosocial needs of migrants now and long after recovery from the global pandemic.

(Big Data, Analytika a iné technológie v digitalizácii zdravotníctva)

Author(s): Robert Furda,Michal Greguš / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2017

Introduction: The constantly spreading digitalization facilitates activities in research, development, deployment and usage of new technologies and services in healthcare sector. The deployment of new technologies is supported by proper frameworks, models and architectures. The flexible system architectures for healthcare applications and services are the needed base in implementation of the advanced information technologies. Methods: To bring a business value in building of flexible system architectures the appropriate artifacts should be developed. This development is preceded by research of existing challenges and gaps related to healthcare. By using quantitative and qualitative research methods the interest is focused to Big Data and analytics area oriented to modern technologies and services. Results: The first findings of our researched system architecture are based on the five main components starting from data collection up to outcomes, such as visualization and statistics, and significantly important security access to healthcare data. The research about Big Data and analytics is focused on healthcare data in ophthalmology, such as diabetic retinopathy, blindness, and 3D unstructured data in planning of stereotactic radiosurgery. Conclusion: The conceptual look on the trends in healthcare digitalization should bring the right directions in the following research and proposals of flexible system architectures tuned for healthcare, which include the modern technologies, applications and services. The outcomes of Big Data and analytics should contribute in higher quality of life and bring business value in healthcare sector.

(De)legitimation of Power of Agency. A Multimodal Critical Analysis of Social Practices during COVID-19 Pandemic in Romania

Author(s): Camelia Cmeciu / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2020

The COVID-19 pandemic has been a real challenge to national and international authorities, bringing social and ideological implications. The shift from urgency to action and an appropriate message tailoring are essential in such a sanitary crisis. This article presents a multimodal critical discourse analysis of the Facebook posts of the Romanian Ministry of Health and of the online users’ comments. The aim of the study is to examine how the Romanian authority and citizens use semiotic resources (multimodal texts) in order to give meaning and make meaning of the social practices related to the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings reveal that the Romanian authority mainly focused its messages on (de)legitimizing the actions of various abstract participants in an information campaign meant to counter fake news. The salience of behavioural processes-asinstructions highlighted a reduced agency of the Ministry of Health and an increased agency for Romanian citizens. The online users employed polarization as a discursive strategy to legitimate the Romanian authority’s calls-to-action that challenge the conservative liberalism ideology of the government and to delegitimate the tardiness of these actions.

(Endoparazitózy šíriace sa komunálnou odpadovou vodou)

Author(s): Peter Juriš,Adriána Dudlová,Pavol Jarčuška,Lýdia Čisláková / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2017

Introduction: Municipal waste water prior to stabilizing treatment and disinfection contains various types of pathogenic microorganisms, including parasites. The handling of waste water and sludge, using them without prior treatment, is threatened public health. Methods: The samples of municipal wastewater and sludge were collected from five wastewater treatment plants (WWTP). For comparison, we also monitored the WWTP Sečovce in another region. For the detection of the oo(cysts) and eggs the saturated solution of saccharose, with specific weight of 1.30 according Kazacos (1983) was used. For detection of protozoal oo(cysts) an additional ovoskopic concentration set Paraprep L - Faecal Parasite Concentrator (Diamondial, France) with subsequent microscopy analysis was accomplished. For the statistical processing of the results the Chi square test - χ2 test (significance level α=0.05) the SPSS version 20 of statistical program was employed. Results: Examination of municipal wastewater and sludge from five monitored wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in east Slovakia, from various fractions of municipal wastewater, confirmed 35.87% positivity of samples for the endoparasitic germs. Among of all analysed samples 11.09% were protozoan oo(cysts) and 20.87% were helminth eggs. 3.91 % of samples showed positivity to both the helminth eggs and protozoan oo(cysts). In the raw wastewater the protozoa consisted of Giardia spp. (1.08 %) and Entamoeba spp. (1.08 %). The helminth eggs primarily consisted of Ascarisspp. (4.35 %) and eggs of strongyloid type (3.26 %). No germs of protozoa or helminths were found in the treated wastewater. However, the highest presence of the germs was found in drained stabilised sludge. The average number of oo(cysts)/kg was 2.86±0.24 and the average number of helminth eggs/kg was 5.77±0.09. In all kinds of sludge, obtained during the process of wastewater treatment, there were protozoan (Giardia spp., Cryptosporidium spp., Entamoeba spp.) and helminths eggs (Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris spp., Taenia spp., Hymenolepis spp., or eggs of strongyloid type) presented. In drained (condensed) stabilised sludge the eggs of Capillaria spp. and Toxocara spp. were also detected. Conclusion: From the epidemiological aspect the sewage sludge, due to high concentration of protozoal oo(cysts) or helminth eggs, represents a significant epidemiological risk for the endoparasitoses dissemination.

(Nie)chronologie choroby. Punktowa obecność obrazu-bólu w Miłości Michaela Hanekego

Author(s): Sebastian Porzuczek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2018

Focusing on Michael Haneke’s Amour, Porzuczek examines the mechanisms of visual (non-linguistic) representations of pain and illness in the realm of the film medium. In the Austrian film director’s work the problem of suffering is inscribed in the order of emotional tensions in family relationships. It is against this backdrop that the question of social (cultural) exclusion emerges. Porzuczek draws on notions such as Roland Barthes’s punctum and Gilles Deleuze’s time-image. Relevant issues are: a) the process of the materialization of time (through slowness) in the representation of daily struggles with illness and b) the specificity of the violent, punctual appearance of a paroxysm – analysed in terms of Porzuczek’s concept of the pain-image, which initiates an ethical (affective) encounter with the image experienced by the viewer.