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Administracyjno-prawne środki przeciwdziałania tzw. dopalaczom

Author(s): Bartosz Olszewski / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 4/2011

Legal Intoxicants, so called Dopalacze consist of various kinds of products that contains wide range of psychoactive substances that are not included on a banned product list as per Counteracting of Drug Addiction Act. These products are capable of causing narcotic effect comparable of those of hard drugs. This paper aims to highlight, that one of the major task of public service official as well as non government institutions is to provide broad legal protection of a child in this aspect. Presented article provide an overview of a legislation enacted to counter problem of Legal Intoxicants. The pivotal point of discussion is the decision of Central Sanitary Inspector effectively shutting down all distribution points of these Legal Intoxicants. The act very controversial from a legal standpoint. This paper is aimed to provide alternative legal solutions in regard to countering Legal Intoxicants problem.

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Akılcı İlaç Kullanımına İlişkin Bir Araştırma

Author(s): Fatih Santas,Bünyamin Demirgil / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 1/2017

Aim: This study aims to determine the behavior of rational drug use among university students.Method: The research population composed of 800 first and fourth-grade students at Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences in a public university. The research was conducted between 15 May-15 June 2016 and602 people were involved in the study. Findings: This study showed that52% of the students used drugs in the last month, 12% used drugs continuously and %17 used drugs frequently. 13% of students using drugs frequently did not know the drug name and painkillers were the most commonly used drug. In addition, it was found that 27% of participants received the drug without a prescription, 23% did not read the prescriptions,24% did not use drugs on time and 13% made some changes in the dose of the drug used.Results: The study demonstrated that 10% of the students used drugs in stressful situations and 42% used the recommended drugs. According to the results of the research the students was inadequate about rational drug use.

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ALKOHOLIZAM I ADOLESCENTI

Author(s): Ifeta Licanin,Amira Redžic,Abdulah Kucukalic / Language(s): Bosnian / Issue: 16/2003

Alcohol abuse is a worldwide problem that threatens social, economic, and family life. Our country is a postwar society, currently going through a transition period. Therefore, various risk factors related to alcohol and other kinds of substance abuse, like social, economic and health factors can be found here. Parental influence and peer pressure seem to have a strong impact on adolescents' behavior. Youngsters like to experiment with risky life styles, without adequate knowledge about long-term health effects. lt is well known that drug abuse is common in early adolescence, with almost the same epidemiological characteristics in both economically developed and undeveloped countries. In order to develop an appropriate prevention strategy, it is necessary to be aware of all relevant risk factors first. Objective: Finding risk factors relating to alcohol abuse among adolescents.

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AN INVESTIGATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DIGITAL GAME ADDICTION, GENDER AND REGULAR SPORT PARTICIPATION

Author(s): Narullah Emir Ekinci,Omer Ozer,Umit Dogan Ustun / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2016

This study aims to investigate digital game addiction of high school students according to gender and regular sport participation. For this 398 high school students who were randomly chosen voluntarily participated in the study. In addition to personal information from the Turkish version of Lemmens and colleagues’a game addiction scale was used as a data gathering tool. The Turkish adaptation of the scale was done by Aylin Yalcın Irmak and Semra Erdogan in 2015. The Turkish version of the scale consists of one factor and seven items anchored with a five Likert type scale. In the evaluation of the data linear regression was used. The findings of this study revealed that there was a positive relationship between gender and digital game addiction.

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Analiza teoretyczna i empiryczna zjawiska fonoholizmu wśród studentów kierunku pedagogika.

Author(s): Joanna Majchrzyk-Mikula,Malgorzata Matusiak / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 4/2015

The article is devoted to the issue of the addiction to a mobile phone. It is treated as a new social problem and educational challenge. The first part is devoted to the role of a mobile phone in life of a young person. The addiction to a mobile phone was defined and its aetiology was described. Typical features of a person who is psychologically addicted were described. The second part presents the results of the research the aim of which was to gain knowledge concerning dominating forms of using mobile phones by the students of pedagogy. The last part of the article presents the results and conclusions concerning the students who participated in the research. The analysis of the conducted research confirms the tendency to the new addiction called phonoholism. Therefore, there is a need to popularize knowledge concerning new addictions, especially among parents and pedagogues.

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Anthropology of AIDS. Risk environment and injecting routine – the case of Belgrade injecting drug users

Author(s): Bojan Žikic / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2006

Risk environment is usually seen as physical and social one; first concerns physical space of injecting, while second deals with people who inject and their relations. Injecting routine is designation for set of IDUs habitual life. Management of risk related to HIV/HCV is reviewed and discussed after the results of qualitative anthropological research conducted among the Belgrade IDUs , due to establishing, performing and disrupting injecting routines within physical and social risk environments.

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Around the Bloc: Georgian Anti-Hep C Project an Overwhelming Success

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Around the Bloc: Georgian Anti-Hep C Project an Overwhelming Success

Author(s): TOL TOL / Language(s): English / Issue: 05/16/2017

Large-scale elimination of virus is the result of pilot program launched by U.S. pharmaceutical manufacturer, which offered free treatment to hepatitis patients.

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Around the Bloc: Russian AIDS Experts Warn of Looming Nationwide Epidemic

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Around the Bloc: Russian AIDS Experts Warn of Looming Nationwide Epidemic

Author(s): TOL TOL / Language(s): English / Issue: 11/29/2016

The Kremlin favors moralistic strategies rather than proven needle-sharing and drug substitution programs, critics charge.

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Aspects of Social Support in the Case of Abstinent Alcoholic

Author(s): Mihók-Géczi IÁNOS-MÁTYÁS-TAMÁS / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2015

Abstinence is an indispensable premise in the case of alcohol addicts. In maintaining this, aside for a solid motivation and the task to alter his behavior and attitude towards life, an essential role is played by the element of Social Support. Understanding, as an individual, the way in which the Social Support system to which he belongs functions, is determined in offering a protective or, contrary to that, obnoxious role, with the feeling of abandonment, loneliness or alienation. The present study is an element of a future sociologic research focused on alcohol addicts, now abstinent. The batch of participants was made up of 116 persons, men with ages between 26 and 73 years (with an average age of 47.55 years), abstinent alcoholics with a minimum of three months since their debut or their last relapse. Utilizing the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support / MSPSS (Zimet and colab. 1988), the perception of an abstinent alcoholic about the grade of fitness of the social support has been evaluated, in three groups based on the time of abstinence: up to four years (n=39), between four and eight years (n=35) and above eight years (n=42); as well as three groups based on relapses: no relapse (n=60), with one relapse (n=23), and with several relapses (n=33). Statistically significant results regarding the quality of social support have been noticed: a) By family members – those without relapses (2 items) and those with abstinence between four and eight years (2 items); b) By friends – those without relapse (1 item); c) From other significant persons – those without relapses (1 item) and those with abstinence over eight years (1 item).

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Background report: Drug Users in Prison – the Norwegian Experience

Author(s): Hedda Giertsen / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 2016

This report is the preliminary research work under the Punishment vs. Treatment: the Situation of Drug Users in Prison initiative which main output is a forthcoming comparative analysis of the treatment of drug users in Bulgarian and Norwegian prisons. The study was prepared by the University of Oslo and it overviews the general context on Norway – general information on the country and its criminal justice system, policy and legislation on drugs explaining what are the perimeters of drug restriction and what are the national policies towards drug use. This information is illustrated with statistics on crime rates and drug crime in particular. It also presents the alternative sanctions available for drug users. Furthermore, the reports looks at prison population using drugs and sentenced to drug-related crimes – what are the principles by which prison authorities are guided in their attitude towards this group of inmates and what programs are available for them in Norwegian prisons.

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Background report: Policies on drugs in Bulgarian prisons

Author(s): Dimitar Markov,Maria Doichinova,Lyubomira Derelieva / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 2016

This report provides a snapshot of the situation of drug users in Bulgaria. As it is aimed to serve as a basis for comparative study on policies and practice towards drug users, particularly in prisons, in Bulgaria and Norway, it presents the country’s context – general information on the country and its criminal justice system, policy and legislation on drugs explaining what are the perimeters of drug restriction and what are the national policies towards drug use. This information is illustrated with statistics on crime rates and drug crime in particular. The report also investigates how court looks upon the fact that the accused are using or addicted to narcotic substances within the criminal proceedings and specifically on the type and the term of the sentence. Finally, it looks upon the sanctions available for drug users and their situation once sentenced to imprisonment – what treatment, rehabilitation and harm reduction programmes are available in different prisons.

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BESLENMENİN ÖNEMİ VE ERGOJENİK BESLENME TAKVİYELERİNİN BESLENMEDEKİ YERİ İLE SPORDA KULLANIMI

Author(s): Onur Oral,Kerim Bakan,Anna Suza,Solmaz P. Hasdemir,George Nomikos,Nuray Öztasan / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 31/2016

Sports activities in science and technology has brought great success. The distorting the concept of fair play by the strain of the limits of the athletes physical borders leads a new industry. It should be noted that in sports science should be used correctly and equitable. While it has been discovered the secrets of human physiology, scientists are trying to determine the limits of the right amount and form of nutrition and supplements. These studies are in line with the coach and athlete is necessary to define the limits of ergogenic supports the concept of fair play within the framework of this science.

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Brak notyfikacji Komisji Europejskiej ustawy o grach hazardowych a możliwość stosowania sankcji administracyjnych wobec podmiotów prowadzących gry hazardowe

Author(s): Dariusz Gibasiewicz / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 26/2017

The purpose of this article is to present the application of Article 14 paragraph 1 and Article 89 paragraph 1 point 2 of the Act of 19 November 2009 on gambling law by the administrative courts. These provisions have not been notified to the European Commission in spite of such a requirement under EU law – Art. 8 paragraph 1 and Art. 1 point 11 of Directive 98/34/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 June 1998 laying down a procedure for the provision of information in the field of technical standards and regulations and rules on information society services, as amended by Council Directive 2006/96/EC of 20 November 2006. In the article, the positions taken by the Polish administrative courts in this area are analyzed and their assessment is made in the context of EU law, the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union and fundamental principles of jurisprudence and legal theory. Particularly, the question of linkage and the relationship of these two provisions of the law on gambling is exposed. The work ends up with the conclusions, which show that the Polish administrative courts including the Supreme Administrative Court, in the vast majority erroneously red out the relationship between the content of Art. 14 paragraph 1 and Art. 89 paragraph 1 point 2 of the Act of 19.11.2009 r. on gambling ignoring the achievements of the Court of Justice of European Union and the fundamental principles of EU law. There are in this field, however, a few exceptions, ie. different rulings of administrative courts or dissenting opinions to incorrect judicial decisions.

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Changes of Diagnosis Criteria for Gambling Related Disorders and Psychoactive and Behavioral Addictions

Author(s): Iwona Niewiadomska,Agnieszka Palacz-Chrisidis / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2016

The article presents the issue of diagnostic criteria of gambling related disorders and psychoactive and behavioral addictions. It is also a review of next edits of international classification manuals, DSM (Diagnostics and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders), and also ICD (The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems). Article presents the discussion about the place of gambling disorder at the classifications, which is taken by scientists who study on gambling. The latest, fifth of edition of Diagnostics and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders DSM-V concerns gambling in the category of substance–related and addictive disorders, the subcategory of non-substance related disorders. However, according to The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems ICD-10, gambling disorder remains in the category of impulse control disorders, as a pathological gambling.

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CSD Policy Brief No. 61: Употребяващите наркотици в затвора: опитът на Норвегия и предизвикателствата пред България

Author(s): Center for the Study of Democracy CSD / Language(s): Bulgarian / Publication Year: 2016

For all criminal offences related to drugs, even for possession of small quantities intended for personal use, the main sanction according to Bulgarian criminal law is imprisonment. Unlike in Norway, non-custodial penalties in Bulgaria such as probation have extremely limited scope of application for drug-related offences. At the same time, other alternatives to imprisonment are virtually non-existent.

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Decyzja ramowa Rady 2004/757/WSiSW z dnia 25 października 2004 r. ustanawiająca minimalne przepisy określające znamiona przestępstw i kar w dziedzinie nielegalnego handlu narkotykami. Wpływ na kształt polskiej ustawy o przeciwdziałaniu narkomanii.

Author(s): Michal Leski,Marta Wójcicka / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 3/2015

In this article the Authors present the introduction of Council Framework Decision 2004/757 / JHA / into the legal system of the European Union and the Member States. In the first part, historical facts preceding the drafting and implementation of the decision there have been presented. It means in particular – the documents issued by the European Union on combat and prevent drug abuse. The article also presents data of a social nature with regard to the drug problem among youths. Then the content broadly discuss provisions of the concerned legislation with respect interalia to the definitions contained in it, forms of crime, penalties, special circumstances and the liability of legal persons. In the last part the above provisions were discussed in detail in terms of their subsequent implementation in the Polish legal system. Simultaneously it took into account the scope of required changes made by the legislature in order to make full use of the Decision. The Authors also referred to the issue of repressive drug policy in Poland compared to other European Union countries.

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DİVAN ŞİİRİNDE TÜTÜN KULLANIMI VE YAPRAK TÜTÜN İÇMEKTEN DOLAYI HAYATINI KAYBEDEN ŞEYHÜLİSLAM EBULMEYÂMİN MUSTAFA EFENDİ

Author(s): H. Ibrahim Okatan / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 29/2016

This article examines tobacco and tobacco smoking in the Ottoman Time. There was a continuing debate about whether or not tobacco smoking was allowed in Islam. It is interesting to see that tobacco smoking increased. During that time another issue was that careless smoking caused fire and threatened public order in Istanbul. As a result of this, the State prohibited smoking tobacco by law. This restriction was implemented strictly and those who did not obey the law were punished severely, including the death penalty. In the Ottoman poem, tobacco smoking was worked out extensively. This article reviewed 250 Divan Poems on tobacco and tobacco consumption. These poems were categorised by two groups: The firs group reviews the comfort of tobacco smoking. The second group looks at the prohibition of tobacco smoking. In this study, special focus was paid attention on the life and poems of Şeyhülislam Ebulmeyâmin Mustafa Efendi, the Chief religious official in the Ottoman Empire, who was known as died of tobacco smoking. The debate about the effect of tobacco smoking on health and the view of Islam on tobacco smoking is seen widely in Ottoman Poem.

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Drug prevention as part of social policy in the Warmian – Mazurian Voivodeship

Author(s): Elzbieta Suchon / Language(s): English / Issue: 1EV/2016

The tasks of the government and local authorities include developing and implementing strategies for solving social problems and preventing law violations related to the marketing, manufacture, conversion, processing and possession of substances the use of which can lead to drug addiction. Drug abuse is a worldwide problem. There are many causes of drug addiction and overcoming it is very difficult. It requires a lot of effort primarily from the addicted one, and support, patience and understanding from the family and people participating in the therapy. Many social welfare, non-government, health care institutions are involved in helping the addicts and their families, and in the development of drug abuse prevention programs. The aim of the present study is to present the phenomenon of drug addiction occurring in the Warmian – Masurian Voivodeship and the results of the implementation of drug prevention programs.

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Drug Use in Bulgaria. National representative survey, December, 2002 – January, 2003

Author(s): Center for the Study of Democracy CSD / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 2003

On March 14, 2003 the Center for the Study of Democracy hosted a round table on Public-Private Partnerships in Preventing Drug Abuse and Trafficking. Experts from government agencies and non-governmental organizations were invited to the discussion. Experts from the Working Group on the Abuse and Trafficking of Drugs at the Center for the Study of Democracy presented the results of the first national representative survey on drugs consumption in Bulgaria. Experts from the Sofia Directorate of Internal Affairs, the National Service for Combating Organized Crime, Customs Agency, National Council on Narcotics, Bulgarian Youth Red Cross and Free and Democratic Bulgaria Foundation took part in the discussion.

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Drug Users in Prison: Norway's Experience and Bulgaria's Challenges

Author(s): Dimitar Markov,Hedda Giertsen,Maria Doichinova / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 2016

Publication looks over the situation of drug users in two European countries – Norway, known for its social and welfare-oriented state, and Bulgaria, which since the beginning of the transition from totalitarism to democracy lacks sustainable policies on prisons and drugs. The aim of this work is to comparatively present the penal policy towards drug users and the measures taken for convicted people addicted to narcotic substances, to identify those features which can be transferable and can assist Bulgarian authorities to improve the situation of drug users in and outside the prison. Finally, this research will try to propose concrete measures to be taken both within the penitentiary system and as crime prevention efforts among drug users.

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