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Връзки и взаимозависимости между процесите на външна миграция и престъпност

Author(s): Lyuba D. Spasova / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 1/2017

The article explores the mutual connection between the processes of crime and external migration and analyses the interconnectivity and relation between these two phenomena. A theoretical model is constructed and tested based on the available data; outlining the illogical gaps in knowledge, the author sets a path for further research.Keywords: emigration/immigration; crime; deviance; trends

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Korak ka stvaranju zajednice. Uloga zatvorskih vaspitača u prevenciji samopovređivanja i suicida osuđenih lica

Author(s): Bojana Dimitrijević / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 4/2018

The complexity of the problems and peculiarities of the population of prisoners, as well as the need for their re-socialization, create a framework for the roles, tasks and activities of correctional officers, who have the immediate task to correct convicts’ behavior. Although correctional institutions in the description of their formal duties are treated as high priority element of their work, in practice it makes a double failure: in the course of prisoners’ stay in the institution, self-harming and suicidal behavior is an unconstructive escape from the problems they are faced to, and on the other hand there is a high rate of recidivism which is a proof of unsuccessful prevention and treatment activities. Empowering correctional officers as important agents of convicts’ change, must include not only their professional education for professional and focused work on the reduction of socially undesirable forms of behavior of prisoners, but also dealing with the problems of and vicarious trauma and burnout as common helpers’ issue. Destructive behaviors as well as the recidivism are the undesirable result of unsuccessful treatment activities that affect adversely the family and the wider community. Creating a community of support during the period of the imprisonment, it is important for the growth and development of both sides in the process – convicted persons and educators. In this paper, we presented structured steps to achieve positive correctional effects in a broader spectrum of deviance: convicts’ understanding, experiencing and reacting in the best possible way.

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POLITIKA SANKCIONISANJA POČINITELJA ORGANIZOVANOG KRIMINALITETA U I VAN ZLOČINAČKOG KOLEKTIVITETA U PRAKSI SUDA BOSNE I HERCEGOVINE ZA PERIOD 2009 - 2015. GODINE

Author(s): Azra Jamaković / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 2/2019

Organized crime sanctioning and sanctioning crime committed out of criminal collectivity is a main inspiration for this paperwork. Additionally inspiration came from efforts of the Bosnia and Herzegovina Criminal Court sanctioning policy understanding and describe the current state. On the main question of the paper is to describe current state in organized crime sanctioning. Another aim is to provide value judgment in main question of paperwork which is: how much differences in two analyzed groups influence in sanctioning of perpetrators. This paperwork contains document analysis as a basic data collection method and the main source are Department II BiH Criminal court judgments. The only limiting factor is data incompatibility in all judgments. The paper describes the sanctioning of organized crime perpetrators and perpetrators sanctioned because of crimes out of criminal collectivity, and points out that the sanctioning policy matches to the Criminal Law norms and that sanctioning differences exists. Sanctioning organized crime perpetrators is adequate, but deeper mitigating circumstance research appreciated by Court should be analyzed additionally.The paper detects and describes sanctioning trend that wasn't the case in many previous similar research projects. Also, besides Criminal Court sanctioning policy and Criminal Law norms.

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Institutional factors for anti-corruption climate in modern Russian society

Author(s): Evgeniy Gennadievich Melnikov,Vladimir Petrovich Miletskiy,Sergey Dmitrievich Savin / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2019

The paper addresses system-based sociological methodology and considers the anti-corruption policy in the modern Russian society. The authors try to identify key institutional factors for creating anti-corruption climate in the context of advanced transformations. It is noted that modern Russia should develop the anti-corruption climate applying both Soviet and foreign experience. The paper concludes that the key role in the process under analysis is given to maintaining the adequate Russian conditions for the anti-corruption law-based climate providing the execution of the whole set of norms of the positive law by the social subjects and the law institutes. This includes such law-based regulation mechanisms as judicially relevant activities and other law-enforcement practices suitable for reproduction and improvement of the anti-corruption climate at all levels of the powerful hierarchy. Promotion of the anti-corruption behavioral standards, the development of the respective law-oriented consciousness and law culture should also be paid special attention to.

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Katyń: The Kremlin’s Double Game

Author(s): Nikita Vasilyevich Petrov / Language(s): English Issue: 04/2015

Using the cover of state secrets in order to suppress and conceal the conclusions of the Katyń investigation is a violation of current Russian law. And yet Russian prosecutors have engaged in a cover-up of the documentation involved in the long-standing international investigation into the Katyń Massacres of 1940. The outcome of the investigation is a far cry from a truthful accounting, instead attesting to the prosecutors’ eagerness to avoid any indictment of the USSR’s former top leadership, and more generally to their attempts to sweep the entire affair under the carpet. First, the Katyń Massacres are characterized not as a war crime but merely as an abuse of power by authorities. Second, the scope of culpability has been deliberately circumscribed: both Stalin and the Politburo members who approved the massacres have been absolved of blame. Third, the inquest shows serious lapses, as no complete list of victims has been made public—an essential step for both completeness of the investigation and for the possibility of the victims’ subsequent rehabilitation. This article explains in detail the political and legal logic behind this treatment of Katyń-related documentation by the Russian political establishment since the dawn of the twenty-first century.

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Perpetrators’ Self-Portrait. The Accused Village Administrators, Commune Heads, Fire Chiefs, Forest Rangers, and Gamekeepers

Author(s): Alina Skibińska / Language(s): English Issue: 03/2011

The article is a fragment of a more comprehensive study and at the same time a continuation of the subject originated in the article “The Participation of Poles in Crimes against Jews in the Świętokrzyski” (Yad Vashem Studies, 2007, No 35). By the thorough analysis of the files of several dozen trials that had taken place in the courts of Kielce during the 1940s and 1950s, I am looking for the answers for the questions focused on such issues as specific and diverse circumstances in which the crimes emerged (direct reasons and situational conditions), perpetrators (their profile based on such criteria as position/function, age, marital status, education, financial and social status, etc.), witnesses (both of the defendant and the plaintiff), and defense (the analysis of the defense strategies and arguments used during the investigation and the main trial, as well as the pleas for parole and other letters applied to defend the accused people). Special emphasis is going to be laid on the final issue—defense strategies of the perpetrators—which should enable the reconstruction of the then and, probably, still unchanged, attitude of the villagers of central Poland toward the crimes committed there and their victims.

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KONTINUITET GENOCIDA NAD BOŠNJACIMA U VIŠEGRADU: STUDIJA SLUČAJA SELO BARIMO

Author(s): Ermin Kuka / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 80/2019

Ideology, politics and practice of creating ethnically clean Serbian state, so called “Great Serbia”, was in the focus of the interest of the Great Serbia ideology since the end of the 18th century. That and such ideologies coexisted with the idea of creating ethnically clean territories inhabited by exclusively Serbian populace and it included the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina. There is no place for the other and the different, not even as ethnic minorities, in these ideas. Such project was only possible to realise by using violence, by committing terrible and horrific crimes including genocide over non-Serbs, primarily over Bosniaks in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Starting with the First World War, in the Second World War and finally during the aggression on Bosnia and Herzegovina 1992-1995, intention to create “Great Serbia” was revealed and exposed evidently. It was marked by continuous crimes against humanity, violation of international law and genocide committed over Boisniak population. It was primarily evident in the region of eastern Bosnia including the city of Višegrad. The present case study plainly shows, through example of the village of Barimo which was used as research micro-location, the continuity of the crime of genocide over Bosniaks as well as intentions of perpetrators of these crimes to create an ethnically clean territory in the region of Višegrad including the nearby village Barimo. We conclude here that the crimes committed in the village of Barimo is a clear indicator of continuity of genocidal intentions behind the crimes in this region but also of the persistent will of Bosniaks to remain living in these territories where they have lived for centuries.

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HRONIKA ZLOČINA POČINJENOG 8. AUGUSTA 1992. GODINE NA PROSTORU MJESNE ZAJEDNICE VIKOČ U OPĆINI FOČA

Author(s): Murat Seidović / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 81/2020

The war and the consequences of the war in former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, and especially the war against the Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina took a terrible toll both in terms of human casualties and in material losses. International and Bosnian judicial institutions have filed indictments against some of the organizers and perpetrators of war crimes on the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina. However, the crimes committed on August 8, 1992, in the villages and hamlets of the marginal local community Vikoč in Foča, have remained uninvestigated and still unsanctioned. The most vulnerable categories of the civilian population (women, the elderly and children) were predominantly targeted (or disporoportionaly targeted) during the aforementioned attack. Therefore, this paper seeks to, using relevant and accessible sources, shed light on the crimes committed in just one day, which unequivocally confirm the widespread, almost everyday practice, especially in the first months of 1992. Based on the facts established by international and domestic judicial institutions, the focus of this research is on one day, the eighth day of August, in the area of one Foča border local community – Vikoč local community.

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TEMATIZIRANJE GENOCIDA U NOVOM MUALLIMU 2000.-2020.

Author(s): Hikmet Karčić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 82/2020

One of the topics which take a significant place in the great number of articles published in Novi Muallim is genocide along with a large number of research works related to numerous crimes committed against Bosniaks in the latest aggression on this country. A certain number of authors thematized on this issue more or less successfully. These facts show the orientation of the editorial board of Novi Muallim and their determination to deal with this, for Bosniaks, greatest and most challenging trauma. It also demonstrates their ambition to give this topic a scientific, rational format and approach. The authors have approached this issue from variety of different aspects: historical, theological, legal and also some with a prospect of establishing a culture of remembering which in itself gives an additional qualitative aspect to these articles.

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KONCENTRACIONI LOGORI U OPĆINI ZVORNIK 1992. GODINE U FUNKCIJI IZVRŠENJA ZLOČINA GENOCIDA NAD BOŠNJACIMA BOSANSKOG PODRINJA

Author(s): Semir Maslić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 9/2020

Tema rada su koncentracioni logori u općini Zvornik, uspostavljeni nakon njene okupacije u aprilu mjesecu 1992. godine, od strane srpskih političkihi vojnih struktura tokom rata protiv bosanskohercegovačkog društva i države u periodu od 1992. do 1995. godine. Koncentracioni logori su uspostavljeni s ciljem stvaranja etnički homogene teritorije uz rijeku Drinu, što je bio jedan od glavnih ciljeva u veliko-državnoj koncepciji srpskog etno-teritorijalnog ekspanzionizma, koji je u konačnici trebao završiti stvaranjem „Velike Srbije“. Broj, lokacije i način na koji su funkcionirali koncentracioni logori za bošnjačko civilno stanovništvo na teritoriji općine Zvornik 1992. godine, ukazuju na namjeru organiziranog, planskog i sistematskog uništenja bošnjačke nacionalne, etničke i vjerske grupe kao takve.

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PSYCHO-SOCIAL CONSEQUENCES OF WAR CRIMES OF RAPE IN THE ĐAKOVO-OSIJEK ARCHDIOCESE DURING THE GREATER-SERBIAN AGGRESSION

Author(s): Sanja Kopunović Legetin,Suzana Vuletić,Stanislav Šota / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

Defining war as the most tragic form of anti-humanism, anti-personalism and anti-culturalism, the authors address the war crime of rape as the most difficult form of traumatic experience. The introductory section of the paper presents crimes and abuses at many levels that are characteristic for every war, including the Croatian War of Independence. Among all forms of traumatic experience, rape is reported as a complex event characterized by extremely negative emotional consequences that leave severe and lasting consequences visible in the everyday life of the traumatized person. The first part of the paper deals with life after a traumatic rape event. The second part is largely devoted to the psychosocial consequences that rape victims of war live with today. The authors use the findings of a survey of rape victims from the War of Independence in the area of the Đakovo-Osijek Archdiocese. Based on testimonies, predominant feelings among victims are described, as well as mechanisms to manage these feelings and live with the trauma. The paper also describes the challenges faced by family members and society in providing support. The third part particularly emphasizes the consequences of the Greater-Serbian aggression during the War of Independence in the Đakovo-Osijek Archdiocese.

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Changes in aggression and stress in perpetrators and victims of domestic violence due to the “Blue Cards” procedure

Author(s): Aleksandra Maria Rogowska,Zofia Kardasz,Sebastian Wicher / Language(s): English,Polish Issue: 10/2020

The research aimed to examine changes in stress and aggression syndrome among victims and perpetrators of domestic violence while participating in the “Blue Cards” procedure. The study participants were 30 female domestic violence victims, ranged in age between 27 and 58 years (M = 4,33; SD = 9,19), and 30 male perpetrators of domestic violence aged between 22 and 56 years old (M = 36,97; SD = 10,06). Aggression syndrome was measured using the Inventory of Psychological Aggression Syndrome (IPSA II), and the stress level was assessed by the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10). The prospective study used a test-retest procedure. Both aggression and stress were examined in the whole sample of 60 individuals twice: at baseline and six months after the “Blue Cards” procedure was introduced. Participants have rated self-report aggression syndrome and stress, and also they have assessed the aggression syndrome of his/her partner. Nonparametric Wilcoxon signed-rank tests have been used for test-retest comparisons. The results show that active participation in assistant activities decreased the level of stress in domestic violence victims and their perception of perpetrators’ aggression syndrome. The “Blue Cards” procedure may be considered an effective method of supporting victims and preventing domestic violence among perpetrators.

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Cooperation between religion teachers and police psychologists in the prevention of domestic violence

Author(s): Anna Zellma / Language(s): English,Polish Issue: 10/2020

This article aims to show the importance of cooperation between religion teachers and police psychologists in preventing domestic violence. The method of analysis of the literature and state documents (e.g. the law of education) is used. The conclusions were presented in a synthetic way. It has been noted that the cooperation of religion teachers with police psychologists serves to eliminate risk factors that can lead to domestic violence. The parties must therefore remain open towards one another, be ready to engage in dialogue and share knowledge and experience in the area of the prevention of domestic violence.

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‘Shine like a jewel’: Kantian ethics, probation duty and criminal justice

Author(s): Phillip Whitehead / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2016

Since the 1980s, the criminal justice system in England and Wales has been recalibrated by the ideological and material forces of marketisation and competition. Specifically, the probation duty to advise, assist and befriend has been eroded by the instrumental functions of punishment and prison. These profound transformations have undermined the ethico-cultural foundations of criminal justice, indexed clearly in the privatisation of probation services between 2010 and 2015. The original contribution of this article draws upon Kantian deontological ethics to critique these events and to re-energise the moral coordinates of government policies and organisational practices. It confronts the current orthodoxy with the unconditional moral demand of duty and moral obligation.

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Serious violent or sexual offenders travelling across European Union Borders: Ideological and ethical challenges of information exchange

Author(s): Sarah Hilder,Hazel Kemshall / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2016

The relative ease of international travel, coupled with open borders across much of the European Union provides capacity for some serious violent or sexual offenders to utilise these advancements to increase their opportunities to offend. In 2013, an EU-funded project reviewed existing information exchange systems and the challenges of collaborative working across EU Member States to manage such offenders. This article reviews key issues arising from that research, and a range of ideological, ethical and legal differences and constraints that impact upon the choices and actions of law enforcement and probation personnel.

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From probation work to criminal sanctions work: Key changes in social work with offenders in Finland from the 1960s to today

Author(s): Timo Harrikari,Kristina Westerholm / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2015

The article addresses key changes in Finnish probation work’s rationalities, mentalities and technologies from the 1960s to the present, examining them within a wider governance theory framework. The article asks how the following aspects of probation work have changed: (1) the conditions of probation work, (2) its institutional self-understanding, (3) its work methods and (4) its objectives. The thesis is that these changes have been connected to several synchronous and multi-layered developments, such as globalization, a re-orientation of Finnish social policy and the introduction of new methods and tools within probation work.

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Changing Shape and Shifting Boundaries - the Media Portrayal of Probation in Ireland

Author(s): Niamh Maguire,Nicola Carr / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2013

Literature on the media representation of probation highlights that probation as a ‘brand’ and concept is poorly understood and lacks public visibility. This has implications for its legitimacy and credibility. In this article we explore probation’s visibility in one country, the Republic of Ireland, through a critical analysis of print media representations of probation over a 12-year period (2001 to 2012). While our study finds that the majority of the coverage of probation was either positive or neutral in tone, we note a recent shift towards a more negative tone that we argue is reflective of the changing shape of the penal-probation boundaries. These changes are linked to resourcing of the criminal justice system and have implications for the public perception of probation.

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Fitzgibbon W (2011), Probation and Social Work on Trial (Violent Offenders and Child Abuser)

Author(s): Sharon Brereton / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2013

Review of: Sharon Brereton - Fitzgibbon W (2011), Probation and Social Work on Trial (Violent Offenders and Child Abusers). Basingstoke. Palgrave Macmillan

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The Importance of Mental Health Awareness Training in a European Probation Training Curriculum

Author(s): Coral Sirdifield,Mark Gardner,Charlie Brooker / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2010

In 2009 the CEP held a conference centring around the concept of a pan-European probation training curriculum. This article draws on the results of an evaluation of some training conducted in the UK to argue that mental health awareness training should form part of such a common training programme. The article outlines the potential benefits of making such training mandatory for staff working in probation systems across Europe. In addition, it identifies the role of instructional design in constructing learning resources which are flexible enough to be reconfigured to be relevant in different cultural contexts without diminishing the learning process.

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ANTE MILINOVIĆ UR., SRPSKI ZLOČINI NAD HRVATIMA I MUSLIMANIMA U BOSANSKOJ POSAVINI I SJEVEROZAPADNOJ BOSNI 1991. - 1995.

Author(s): Marko Babić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 2/2000

Review of: Marko Babić - SRPSKI ZLOČINI NAD HRVATIMA I MUSLIMANIMA U BOSANSKOJ POSAVINI I SJEVEROZAPADNOJ BOSNI 1991. - 1995., uredio Ante Milinović, Zagreb, Orašje, Mostar, Sarajevo 1999., str. 502

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