"Kwestionariusz przekonań politycznych": własności psychometryczne

Author(s): Gabriela Czarnek,Piotr Dragon,Paulina Szwed,Bogdan Wojciszke / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 41/2017

The goal of this article is to present the psychometric properties of the Political Beliefs Questionnaire. It consists of four subdimensions: religious fundamentalism and xenophobia, which form the dimension of cultural beliefs; and acceptance of capitalism and anti-welfare, which form the dimension of economic beliefs. We present evidence for the validity of the questionnaire in identifying political beliefs on the rightleft dimension. Analyses were performed on a set of multiple samples (total N = 1673). Evidence for the theoretical validity was provided by confirmatory factor analysis, correlations with other – conceptually related – constructs, and a moderation of the strength and direction of the correlation between the cultural and economic beliefs dimensions by political sophistication. Concurrent validity of the questionnaire has been demonstrated based on the criterion of declared voting choices. The reliability of the questionnaire was evaluated based on a measure of homogeneity and absolute stability. The results indicate the good psychometric properties of "Political Beliefs Questionnaire".

"Skala typów przywiązania do miejsca" według typologii Davida M. Hummona (1992): ustrukturyzowana jakościowa metoda badania przywiązania do miejsca zamieszkania

Author(s): Alan Mandal,Marcin Moron / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 41/2017

The article presents the description of the construction stages and results of the validity analysis of Type of Attachment Scale, based on the typology of place attachment by David M. Hummon (1992). The Scale consist of descriptions of two types of attachment: everyday and active attachment, and three types of lack of place attachment: alienation, place relativity, and placelessness. A subject is ask to indicate which out of the five that are presented the description best suits their own relation toward their place of living. An examination of psychometric properties and validity of the Scale was conducted in a series of 3 studies on 912 participants. In the study 1 were 586 participants in age between 18 and 72 years (50% female). The participants filled out the prepared Type of attachment scale, Place attachment scale (Williams, & Vaske, 2003), a sociodemographic survey, and series of questions about the affective attitude toward their place of living. In the study 2 were 274 participants in age from 16 to 72. The participants filled out the Type of attachment scale, Place attachment scale and identity scale (Lewicka, 2012), and Scales measuring agency and communion (Wojciszke, Szlendak, 2010). In the study 3, with 52 participants, the reliability of the Scale was examined by test-retest procedure. The obtained results showed that Types of attachment scale is a reliable and valid measure of person-place relations according to categorization by Hummon (1992). Types of place attachment, included in Type of attachment scale, demonstrate a distinguishable profiles of sociodemographic and psychological characteristics. Individuals who identified themselves with everyday and active attachment were significantly stronger attached to the place than the other types of lack of attachment, differing with each other according to the length of residence and a level of place inherited dimension. Non-attached types have a similar profiles, that indicates a low place attachment. The place relativity type can be described as the lowest attached, with the highest mobility, the shortest length of residence and the weakest bond according to earlier generation presence in the place of living. Alienation was connected with neutral of negative attitude toward the place, and was described by a positive correlation with the European identity. A placeless type was reflected by a weak place attachment and low local identity, but a positive correlation with agency.

"Жизнь по доктору Комаровскому": конструирование родительства в советах по уходу за детьми

Author(s): Elena Strelnyk / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 2/2015

The article analyzes constructions of parenthood and childcare in childcare advice—disseminated through books, TV broadcasts, and websites—by popular Ukrainian pediatrician Evgenii Komarovskii. The article consists of three parts. The first part deals with the public, social, and pedagogical discourses of parental (ir)responsibility and (in)competence in Ukraine, as well as conceptions of parental competence in Doctor Komarovskii’s advice as the alternative to this discourse. The second part aims to evaluate the peculiarities of constructions of maternal and paternal roles and childcare in his advice. The author explores Evgenii Komarovskii’s role in the discursive actualization of parenting and childcare as important sociopolitical issues in the third part. The article draws on work in the sociology of parenting, exploring the role of expert knowledge in its construction.

(Rec.) R. Cybulska, J. Dryjańska, K. Gotlin, M. Kłoda, K. Pomorska, A. Pyzykiewicz, Uczeń z zespołem Aspergera w szkole ogólnodostępnej, (red. prowadzący i merytoryczny) M. Kłoda, K. Pomorska, Warszawa: Ośrodek Rozwoju i Edukacji 2016, ss. 113

Author(s): Marta Filipowicz / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2017

2nd International Conference on Behavioral Addictions

Author(s): Authors Various / Language(s): English / Issue: suppl.1/2015

Abstracts of the 2nd International Conference on Behavioral Addictions. March 16–18, 2015; Budapest, Hungary

4th International Conference on Behavioral Addictions February 20–22, 2017 Haifa, Israel

Author(s): Authors Various / Language(s): English / Issue: suppl.1/2017

“Collection of abstracts of the 4th International Conference on Behavioral Addictions, February 20-22, 2017, Haifa, Israel”

5th International Conference on Behavioral Addictions (ICBA2018), April 23–25, 2018, Cologne, Germany

Author(s): Zsolt Demetrovics / Language(s): English / Issue: suppl.1/2018

1. Keynote presentations 2. Minitalks 3. Oral presentations 4. Author index

A brief report on the relationship between self-control, video game addiction and academic achievement in normal and ADHD students

Author(s): Maryam Haghbin,Fatemeh Shaterian,Davood Hosseinzadeh,Mark D. Griffiths / Language(s): English / Issue: 4/2013

Over the last two decades, research into video game addiction has grown increasingly. The present research aimed to examine the relationship between video game addiction, self-control, and academic achievement of normal and ADHD high school students. Based on previous research it was hypothesized that (i) there would be a relationship between video game addiction, self-control and academic achievement (ii) video game addiction, self-control and academic achievement would differ between male and female students, and (iii) the relationship between video game addiction, self-control and academic achievement would differ between normal students and ADHD students. Methods: The research population comprised first grade high school students of Khomeini-Shahr (a city in the central part of Iran). From this population, a sample group of 339 students participated in the study. The survey included the Game Addiction Scale (Lemmens, Valkenburg & Peter, 2009), the Self-Control Scale (Tangney, Baumeister & Boone, 2004) and the ADHD Diagnostic checklist (Kessler et al., 2007). In addition to questions relating to basic demographic information, students’ Grade Point Average (GPA) for two terms was used for measuring their academic achievement. These hypotheses were examined using a regression analysis. Results: Among Iranian students, the relationship between video game addiction, self-control, and academic achievement differed between male and female students. However, the relationship between video game addiction, self-control, academic achievement, and type of student was not statistically significant. Conclusions: Although the results cannot demonstrate a causal relationship between video game use, video game addiction, and academic achievement, they suggest that high involvement in playing video games leaves less time for engaging in academic work.

A case of severe adolescent obsessive–compulsive disorder treated with inpatient hospitalization, risperidone and sertraline

Author(s): Mathew L. Nguyen,Michael A. Shapiro,Stephen J. Welch / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2012

The initial treatment of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) has generally been limited to serotonergic agents, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), or a combination of the two. These findings were supported by the POTS study for OCD in children and adolescents. However, treatment with serotonergic agents or CBT can take several weeks before benefit is seen; severe cases of OCD may require more immediate treatment. Case report: The authors present a case of severe OCD in an adolescent that required immediate treatment due to her critical medical condition. The patient’s symptoms included not eating or taking medications or fluids by mouth due to fears of contamination. A medical hospitalization was previously required due to dehydration. As treatment with an SSRI would not have quick enough onset and the patient was initially resistant to participating in CBT, the patient was psychiatrically hospitalized and first started on liquid risperidone. After several doses of risperidone, the patient was able to participate in CBT and start sertraline. Discussion: The authors discuss the differential diagnosis of such a patient, including the continuum of OCD symptoms and psychotic symptoms. The authors discuss the different treatment options, including the utilization of inpatient psychiatric hospitalization. The authors discuss the potential risks and benefits of using atypical antipsychotics in lieu of benzodiazepines for the initial treatment of severe adolescent OCD. The authors also discuss other current treatment recommendations and rationale for the treatment that was pursued. Conclusions: This patient received benefit of her symptoms relatively quickly with psychiatric hospitalization and an atypical antipsychotic. The diagnosis of a psychotic disorder should be considered. These treatment options must be weighed against the risks of atypical antipsychotics, including extrapyramidal symptoms, weight gain, and metabolic syndrome; benzodiazepines also have their risks and benefits. Additionally, the cost of time and finances of inpatient hospitalization must be considered. More research is needed regarding the short- and long-term efficacy and safety of antipsychotics in the treatment of OCD in the child and adolescent population.

A comparison of university student and community gamblers: Motivations, impulsivity, and gambling cognitions

Author(s): Harvey H. C. Marmurek,Jessica Switzer,Joshua D’Alvise / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2014

The present study tested whether the associations among motivational, cognitive, and personality correlates of problem gambling severity differed across university student gamblers (n = 123) and gamblers in the general adult community (n = 113). Methods: The participants completed a survey that included standardized measures of gambling motivation, gambling related cognitions, and impulsivity. The survey also asked participants to report the forms of gambling in which they engaged to test whether gambling involvement (number of different forms of gambling) was related to problem gambling severity. After completing the survey, participants played roulette online to examine whether betting patterns adhered to the gambler’s fallacy. Results: Gambling involvement was significantly related to problem gambling severity for the community sample but not for the student sample. A logistic regression analysis that tested the involvement, motivation, impulsivity and cognitive correlates showed that money motivation and gambling related cognitions were the only significant independent predictors of gambling severity. Adherence to the gambler’s fallacy was stronger for students than for the community sample, and was associated with gambling related cognitions. Discussion: The motivational, impulsivity and cognitive, and correlates of problem gambling function similarly in university student gamblers and in gamblers from the general adult community. Interventions for both groups should focus on the financial and cognitive supports of problem gambling.

A counselling line for problem and pathological gambling in South Africa: Preliminary data analysis

Author(s): Dan J. Stein,Adele Pretorius,Heidi Sinclair / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2014

Various countries and states have established telephone counselling lines for people with pathological or problem gambling. Data from such services may contribute to describing systematically the nature of gambling problems in a particular area. To date, however, few data have been published on such a telephone counselling line in a low or middle income country. Method: Data on calls to the telephone counselling line of the National Responsible Gambling Foundation of South Africa were captured over a 6-month period. Such data include socio-demographic variables, the primary reason for calling, the source of the referral, preferred method of gambling, impairment as a consequence of gambling, and history of treatment for psychiatric disorders, comorbid alcohol abuse and illicit drug use. Results: Calls were received from a broad range of people; the mean age of callers was 37 years, the majority were male (62%) and many were married (45%). Primary reasons for calling included the feeling of being unable to stop gambling without the help of a professional (41%), financial concerns (32%), legal problems (13%), pressure from family (10%), and suicidal thoughts (2%). The majority of callers contacted the counselling line after having heard about it by word of mouth (70%). The most common forms of gambling were slot machines (51%) and casino games (21%). Fourteen percent of callers reported having received help for other psychiatric disorders, 11% reported alcohol use disorders and 6% illicit drug use. Conclusion: These data from South Africa are consistent with prior research indicating that pathological and problem gambling are seen in a range of socio-demographic groups, and that such behaviour is associated with significant morbidity and comorbidity. More work is needed locally to inform younger gamblers, gamblers using the informal gambling sector, and unemployed gamblers of the existing telephone counselling lines.

A critical review of “Internet addiction” criteria with suggestions for the future

Author(s): Antonius J. Van Rooij,Nicole Prause / Language(s): English / Issue: 4/2014

In the last 5 years a deluge of articles on the topic of Internet addiction (IA) has proposed many candidate symptoms as evidence of this proposed disease. We critically reviewed the current approach to the measurement and identification of this new excessive behavior syndrome. Methods: Three popular models of IA were discussed: Griffith’s components model; Young’s Internet Addiction Test (IAT); and the criteria by Tao et al. (2010). We selected these models because they are widely cited and propose specific criteria for IA disorder. Our approach is not meant to provide an exhaustive review, but to discuss and critique the most salient trends in the field. Results: The models of Internet addiction share some criteria, including feeling a loss of control over Internet use; ensuing psychological, social, or professional conflict or problems; and preoccupation when not using the Internet. Other criteria inconsistently mentioned include: mood management, tolerance, withdrawal, and craving/anticipation. The models studied here share the assumption that the Internet can produce a qualitative shift to a diseased state in humans. Conclusions: We critically discussed the above criteria and concluded that the evidence base is currently not strong enough to provide support for an Internet addiction disorder. Future research areas are suggested: (1) Focusing on common impaired dimensions, (2) exploring neuroimaging as a model building tool, and (3) identifying shifts in the rewarding aspects of Internet use. Given the lack of consensus on the subject of Internet addiction, a focus on problem behaviors appears warranted.

A média hatása a szociális viselkedésre és a társas kapcsolatok alakulására serdülőkorban

Author(s): Anikó Zsolnai / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 2/2017

The aim of the present paper is to synthesize and analyze the results of studies on the impact of the media, mainly the Internet to social behavior in adolescence. The first part of the study interprets the learning process (social learning) in which social behavior is formed. The second part of the study analyses adolescents’ social behavior from the aspect of the Internet. The most important questions are whether there is any difference between social behavior online and offline, and whether the Internet has changes all facets of social life. As a consequence, the Internet may have had less impact on many aspects of social life and social behavior in adolescence than is supposed to.

A preliminary investigation into the prevalence and prediction of problematic cell phone use

Author(s): Peter Smetaniuk / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2014

Likening mobile phone use dependency to the classification of excessive behaviors may be necessarily equivalent in seriousness to previously established addictions such as problematic computing or excessive gambling. The aim of the study explores into the behavior of excessive use of mobile phones as a pathological behavior. Methods: Two studies investigated criteria for problematic mobile phone usage by examining student (Study 1, N = 301) and nonstudent (Study 2, N = 362) responses to a set of adapted mobile phone addiction inventories. Study 1 investigated cell phone addiction inventories as constructs designed to measure problematic cell phone use. Additionally, Study 2 sought to predict age, depression, extraversion, emotional stability, impulse control, and self-esteem as independent variables that augment respondents’ perceptions of problematic use. Results: The results from Study 1 and Study 2 indicate that 10 to 25% of the participants tested exhibited problematic cell phone usage. Additionally, age, depression, extraversion, and low impulse control are the most suitable predictors for problematic use. Conclusions: The results of the two studies indicate that problematic mobile phone use does occur and ought to be taken seriously by the psychological community. Presently, there is limited data providing conclusive evidence for a comprehensible categorization of cell phone addiction, as well as a unified explanatory model specific to problematic mobile phone use. Studies such as this one may contribute substantial findings, adding scientific significance, and offering a valuable submission for the ongoing progress of creating intervention frameworks relative to “virtual addictions”.

A preliminary investigation of materialism and impulsiveness as predictors of technological addictions among young adults

Author(s): James A. Roberts,Stephen F. Pirog / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2013

The primary objective of the present research is to investigate the drivers of technological addiction in college students – heavy users of Information and Communication Technology (ICT). The study places cell phone and instant messaging addiction in the broader context of consumption pathologies, investigating the influence of materialism and impulsiveness on these two technologies. Clearly, cell phones serve more than just a utilitarian purpose. Cell phones are used in public and play a vital role in the lives of young adults. The accessibility of new technologies, like cell phones, which have the advantages of portability and an ever increasing array of functions, makes their over-use increasingly likely. Methods: College undergraduates (N = 191) from two U.S. universities completed a paper and pencil survey instrument during class. The questionnaire took approximately 15–20 minutes to complete and contained scales that measured materialism, impulsiveness, and mobile phone and instant messaging addiction. Results: Factor analysis supported the discriminant validity of Ehrenberg, Juckes, White and Walsh’s (2008) Mobile Phone and Instant Messaging Addictive Tendencies Scale. The path model indicates that both materialism and impulsiveness impact the two addictive tendencies, and that materialism’s direct impact on these addictions has a noticeably larger effect on cell phone use than instant messaging. Conclusions: The present study finds that materialism and impulsiveness drive both a dependence on cell phones and instant messaging. As Griffiths (2012) rightly warns, however, researchers must be aware that one’s addiction may not simply be to the cell phone, but to a particular activity or function of the cell phone. The emergence of multi-function smart phones requires that research must dig beneath the technology being used to the activities that draw the user to the particular technology.

A STUDY OF THE IMPACT OF PERSONAL INITIATIVE ON SAFETY PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT MODE TRANSITION: BASED ON THE PERSPECTIVE OF SOCIAL COGNITIVE THEORY AND ANTHROPOLOGY EMBEDDEDNESS THEORY

Author(s): Shi Liping,Teng Yun / Language(s): English / Issue: 50/2015

“How to make safe production management model change into a new model meeting the real needs”, has become the important subject faced by the researchers and practitioners of the current production safety management. From the perspective of individual initiative, this study attempts to use social cognitive theory and anthropology Embeddedness theory to answer the question. This study verifies the influence of personal initiative on safety production management mode transition with 1556 questionnaires from 73 manufacturing enterprises in China. The reliability and validity of all the scales were found acceptable. Path analysis using SPSS-19 and AMOS-17 software showed that there is a significant positive correlation between personal initiative and safety production management mode transition; three dimensions of safety individual behavior (safety passive behavior, safety controlled behavior and safety initiative behavior) play a partial mediating role in personal initiative and safety production management mode transition; three dimensions of on-the-job embeddedness (organization fit, organization link and organization sacrifice) can strengthen the positive correlation between personal initiative and safety production management mode transition. These findings made a new addition to the production management mode transition theory, and had guide significance for enterprises to improve production safety management level.

A study on the relationship between compulsive exercise, depression and anxiety

Author(s): Aviv Weinstein,Yitzhak Weinstein,Gavriel Maayan / Language(s): English / Issue: 4/2015

Exercise and physical activity are beneficial both physically and psychologically but a few individuals use exercise excessively resulting in physical and even psychological damage. There is evidence for bidirectional relationship between exercise with depression and anxiety showing that exercise can reduce anxiety and depression, whereas a lack of exercise is associated with higher levels of anxiety and depression. Methods: This study used questionnaires assessing compulsive exercise, anxiety and depression among 20 professional regular exercisers and 51 recreational regular exercisers. Results: Results showed that ratings of compulsive exercise were associated with ratings of anxiety and depression among individuals who exercise for professional and recreational purpose. Secondly, individuals who exercise for professional purpose were more depressed than individuals who exercise for recreational purpose, but did not exhibit higher trait anxiety ratings. Thirdly, individuals who exercise for recreational purpose showed an association between ratings of compulsive exercise and depression but not with ratings of trait anxiety. Discussion: Individuals who exercise for professional and recreational purpose may use it as a means for alleviating depression and anxiety although this small sample of recreational and professional sportsmen showed clinical levels of anxiety and depression that may require further clinical treatment.

A weak scientific basis for gaming disorder: Let us err on the side of caution

Author(s): Antonius J. Van Rooij,Christopher J. Ferguson,Michelle Colder Carras,Daniel Kardefelt-Winther,Jing Shi,Espen Aarseth,Anthony M. Bean,Karin Helmersson Bergmark,Anne Bruss,Mark Coulson,Jory Deleuze,Pravin Dullur,Elza Dunkels,Johan Edman,Peter J. Etchells,Malte Elson,Anne Fiskaali,Isabela Granic,Jeroen Jansz,Faltin Karlsen,Linda K. Kaye,Bonnie Kirsh,Patrick Markey,Andreas Lieberoth,Kathryn L. Mills,Rune Kristian Lundedal Nielsen,Arne Poulsen,Amy Orben,Nicole Prause,Patrick Prax,Thorsten Quandt,Adriano Schimmenti,Vladan Starcevic,Gabrielle Stutman,Nigel E. Turner,Jan Van Looy,Andrew K. Przybylski / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2018

We greatly appreciate the care and thought that is evident in the 10 commentaries that discuss our debate paper, the majority of which argued in favor of a formalized ICD-11 gaming disorder. We agree that there are some people whose play of video games is related to life problems. We believe that understanding this population and the nature and severity of the problems they experience should be a focus area for future research. However, moving from research construct to formal disorder requires a much stronger evidence base than we currently have. The burden of evidence and the clinical utility should be extremely high, because there is a genuine risk of abuse of diagnoses. We provide suggestions about the level of evidence that might be required: transparent and preregistered studies, a better demarcation of the subject area that includes a rationale for focusing on gaming particularly versus a more general behavioral addictions concept, the exploration of non-addiction approaches, and the unbiased exploration of clinical approaches that treat potentially underlying issues, such as depressive mood or social anxiety first. We acknowledge there could be benefits to formalizing gaming disorder, many of which were highlighted by colleagues in their commentaries, but we think they do not yet outweigh the wider societal and public health risks involved. Given the gravity of diagnostic classification and its wider societal impact, we urge our colleagues at the WHO to err on the side of caution for now and postpone the formalization.

Abnormal illness behavior and Internet addiction severity: The role of disease conviction, irritability, and alexithymia

Author(s): Giuseppe SCIMECA,Antonio Bruno,Manuela Crucitti,Claudia Conti,Diego Quattrone,Gianluca Pandolfo,Rocco Antonio ZOCCALI,Maria Rosaria Anna MUSCATELLO / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2017

While the association between health anxiety and maladaptive Internet use is a well-established finding, no studies have been performed to examine the possible effect of abnormal illness behavior (AIB). AIB is a maladaptive manner of experiencing, evaluating, or acting in response to health and illness that is disproportionate to evident pathology. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between AIB and Internet addiction (IA) severity in a sample of Italian University students. The possible effect of alexithymia, anxiety, and depression was also taken into account. Methods: Participants were 115 men and 163 women (mean age = 23.62 ± 4.38 years); AIB was measured via the Illness Behavior Questionnaire (IBQ), and IA severity by the Internet Addiction Test (IAT). Results: The most powerful IBQ factor predicting IA severity scores was disease conviction. Irritability was the only emotional IBQ factor associated with IA severity. Nevertheless, disease conviction and alexithymia remained the only significant predictors of IAT scores when hierarchical regression analysis was executed. Discussion and conclusions: Our results support previous findings showing that those characterized by health anxiety are more prone to an excessive and maladaptive use of Internet. Moreover, this study showed that irritability was the only emotional aspect of AIB predicting IA severity. This finding is consistent with the cognitive model of hypochondria, which states that cognitive factors (dysfunctional beliefs and assumptions) play a major role in the explanation of this psychopathological condition.

Abstracts of the 1st International Conference on Behavioral Addictions

Author(s): . Miscellaneous / Language(s): English / Issue: suppl.1/2013

Abstracts of the 1st International Conference on Behavioral Addictions; March 11–12, 2013, Budapest, Hungary