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La relación del artículo
con los demostrativos y los posesivos
en función de los errores que cometen
los estudiantes serbios de español

La relación del artículo con los demostrativos y los posesivos en función de los errores que cometen los estudiantes serbios de español

Author(s): Vlatka Rubinjoni Strugar / Language(s): Spanish Issue: 10/2019

Resumen: En el presente trabajo se expone, en primer lugar, la relación del artículo determinado con los demostrativos debido a que estas dos clases de palabras están conectadas tanto desde el punto de vista diacrónico como desde el sincrónico. Se verá cómo los demostrativos están sujetos a condiciones de uso más restringidas, de ahí que el demostrativo pueda ser sustituido por el artículo definido, pero no siempre sea posible lo contrario. En segundo lugar, se abordan los contextos en los que el artículo debe aparecer en lugar del posesivo. Son contextos en los que el poseedor está reflejado en un constituyente externo al sintagma nominal definido. En tercer lugar, se ofrecen los resultados del análisis de los errores de falsa selección, análisis que se apoya en la tesis doctoral que la autora realizó investigando las redacciones de estudiantes serbios de español. Asimismo, se observará cómo la falsa selección de otro determinante en lugar del artículo determinado puede estar sujeta no solo a la interferencia del serbio, sino también a la interferencia de alguna lengua extranjera que el estudiante serbio conoce. Finalmente, se proponen procedimientos que sirven para subsanar los errores cometidos por los informantes serbios, basados en ambos métodos del análisis que la autora realizó: el análisis contrastivo y el análisis de errores. Abstract: In this paper we start by describing the relationship of the definite article with demonstratives, since these two types of word are connected, both diachronically and synchronically. We will see how demonstratives are subject to more restricted conditions of use, which means that the demonstrative can be replaced by the definite article, but the reverse is not always true. Secondly, we focus on the contexts in which the article should be used in place of the possessive. These are contexts in which the possessor is reflected in a component outside the defined noun phrase. In the third place, we offer the results of the analysis of the false selection errors, which constituted the base of the author’s doctoral thesis,carried out by examining essays written by 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th year Serbian students of Spanish. Likewise, we will observe that the incorrect selection of another determiner instead of the definite article can be due to not only the interference of Serbian but also the interference of any other foreign language that the Serbian student may be familiar with. Finally, we suggest possible procedures to eradicate the Serbian subjects’ errors, based on the two methods of analysis previously used by this author: contrastive analysis and error analysis.

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La enseñanza de español con fines
específicos: propuestas básicas para
el diseño de un curso de español para
los negocios (nivel B1)

La enseñanza de español con fines específicos: propuestas básicas para el diseño de un curso de español para los negocios (nivel B1)

Author(s): Ivana Vranić,Ivana Georgijev / Language(s): Spanish Issue: 10/2019

Resumen: Hemos elegido el aprendizaje del español para fines específicos como tema principal de este trabajo teniendo en cuenta la creciente demanda de esta lengua a nivel global a raíz de la globalización de la economía mundial, lo que también ha provocado el interés por el desarrollo de los cursos de español orientados al mundo de los negocios. Asimismo, los objetivos de este trabajo son: realizar un balance de las principales líneas de investigación en el ámbito del español para la comunicación profesional, aportar aclaraciones terminológicas con fines específicos y su clasificación, abordar el tema de la formación especializada del profesorado de español con fines específicos y, finalmente, ofrecer unas propuestas básicas para el diseño de un curso de español orientado al mundo empresarial o de los negocios. Para esto último, nos centramos en el tema de los objetivos del curso (generales y específicos), las capacidades a desarrollar por los alumnos, así como en los contenidos específicos, y nos apoyamos en las orientaciones del Marco común europeo de referencia para la enseñanza y aprendizaje de lenguas, así como en el Plan curricular del Instituto Cervantes. Abstract: We have chosen the learning of Spanish for specific purposes as the main theme of this paper, taking into account the growing demand for Spanish on a global scale due to the globalization of the world economy, which has also aroused interest in the development of Spanish courses oriented towards the business world. Likewise, the objectives of this paper are: to draw an inventory of some of the main research lines on Spanish for professional purposes, to provide some terminological clarifications of specific purposes and their classification, to deal with the specialized training designed for Spanish teachers working on this specific area and, subsequently, to offer some basic suggestions for the design of a Spanish course oriented towards the world of business. Our proposal is focused on the course objectives (general and specific), the skills to be developed by the students, as well as the specific content. For this purpose, we follow the guidelines of the Common European Framework of Reference for the Teaching and Learning of Languages and the Curriculum of the Cervantes Institute.

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Bilingualism in Malta: Preferences and Attitudes of Maltese University Students

Bilingualism in Malta: Preferences and Attitudes of Maltese University Students

Author(s): Natalia Chrzanowska / Language(s): English Issue: 10/2020

Malta is a small European island with over 440,000 citizens inhabiting the area of 316 square kilometers. Despite the geographical restriction, Malta has a highly interesting linguistic situation. Throughout the centuries, Malta was conquered and inhabited by numerous nations.In consequence, Maltese developed in the situations of constant language contact, which is traceable in the sounds recalling Arabic as well as the weaving of Italian and English phrases (Brincat 2006). The characteristic language contact situation is pending: since 1964 Malta has both Maltese and English as its official languages. Considering that Maltese does not have plenty of speakers and is not a widely spread language, it could be assumed that the present linguistic tendency on the island, especially among the young, would lean towards the usage of the current global language, which is English. Such a tendency among the young generation would imply the beginning of an end for the Maltese language. Nevertheless, the questionnaire conducted among a group of students of the University of Malta indicates that there is no such threat. All of the respondents point to Maltese as their native language and use it on a daily basis when talking with friends, family members and doctors. English is mostly used when counting, reading scholarly papers or watching TV. Interestingly enough, Italian, which was an official language of Malta till 1934, is still quite popular among the young. As far as the attitudes are concerned, English is considered as highly useful but inferior to Maltese.Knowledge of the language is thought to be significant for numerous reasons, yet it does not make the person speaking it more educated or intelligent as it used to. The researched group is small; however, it indicates some general tendencies in the area, which should be further researched

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IN-SERVICE TRAINING OF TEACHERS OF ENGLISH AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE IN ESTONIA: MAPPING OF TRENDS AND OPPORTUNITIES

IN-SERVICE TRAINING OF TEACHERS OF ENGLISH AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE IN ESTONIA: MAPPING OF TRENDS AND OPPORTUNITIES

Author(s): Nina Raud,Olga Orehhova / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2017

In-service training of teachers of English as a foreign language (EFL) is as a core instrument of continuous professional development of EFL teachers. Within the context of nowadays education policies, the issue of in-service training has become of topical importance. It requires systematic approach based on the analysis of individual EFL teachers’ needs and receptive practices in developing in-service teacher-training programmes. In view of that, a survey was conducted among EFL teachers in Estonia to discover the areas of in-service training they are interested in. Based on the survey results, a model of an in-service training module to implement in order to meet the needs of EFL teachers in Estonia is proposed, and it is placed against the background of in-service teacher training provided in Estonia. The module could be included into in-service teaching training programmes not only in Estonia, but in a wider European context.

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Detection of Non-native Speaker Status from Backwards and Vocoded Content-masked Speech

Detection of Non-native Speaker Status from Backwards and Vocoded Content-masked Speech

Author(s): Arkadiusz Rojczyk,Andrzej Porzuczek / Language(s): English Issue: 6/2020

This paper addresses the issue of speech rhythm as a cue to non-native pronunciation. In natural recordings, it is impossible to disentangle rhythm from segmental, subphonemic or suprasegmental features that may influence nativeness ratings. However, two methods of speech manipulation, that is, backwards content-masked speech and vocoded speech, allow the identification of native and non-native speech in which segmental properties are masked and become inaccessible to the listeners. In the current study, we use these two methods to compare the perception of content-masked native English speech and Polish-accented speech. Both native English and Polish-accented recordings were manipulated using backwards masked speech and 4-band white-noise vocoded speech. Fourteen listeners classified the stimuli as produced by native or Polish speakers of English. Polish and English differ in their temporal organization, so, if rhythm is a significant contributor to the status of non-native accentedness, we expected an above-chance rate of recognition of native and non-native English speech. Moreover, backwards content-masked speech was predicted to yield better results than vocoded speech, because it retains some of the indexical properties of speakers. The results show that listeners are unable to detect non-native accent in Polish learners of English from backwards and vocoded speech samples.

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ZNAČAJ UČENJA STRANIH JEZIKA U KOMPANIJAMA

ZNAČAJ UČENJA STRANIH JEZIKA U KOMPANIJAMA

Author(s): Zoran Jerotijević,Marijana Aleksić,Gorica Jerotijević / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 45-46/2020

Razvoj ljudskih resursa polako zauzima primat u procesima upravljanja ljudskim resursima, upravo zbog svog značaja za uspeh organizacije i postizanja organizacionih ciljeva. Savremene obrazovne tehnologije stvaraju preduslove za sticanje novih znanja, razvijaju kreativnost i obezbeđuju veću aktivnost ljudskih resursa. Razvoj lične autonomije i složenih komunikativnih, socijalnih i kognitivnih kompetencija i veština zaposlenih, povećanje njihove odgovornosti, angažovanosti i motivisanosti, se ističu kao prioritet. Veoma dobro korišćenje stranih jezika u formalnim i neformalnim situacijama je preduslov za uspešno obavljanje posla u mnogim organizacijama. Ovakva okruženja često zahtevaju korišćenje više od jednog jezika sporazumevanja. Cilj ovog rada je da ukaže na značaj učenja stranih jezika za uspeh organizacije u multijezičkom okruženju, a motivacija autora za ovu temu je upravo u sve vecim zahtevima za stranim jezicima na tržištu rada, a nedovoljnim izvorima znanja u obrazovnom i poslovnom sistemu.

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The Importance of Context in Online Meetings and Courses

The Importance of Context in Online Meetings and Courses

Author(s): Diana Zelter / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

The aim of this paper is to show that under the current circumstances of pandemic our ways of living and working have changed making room to more online communication than ever. Nevertheless, in organizational communication the best model encompassing the field of experience and the context stays the same, although these elements need to be detailed, adapted and reconstructed for the online environment. Our purpose is not to change an existing model, but to show the necessity of considering more issues and adapting to them in order to perform better both as employees and as teachers or students.

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Practical Facts on Romanian - language Acquisition in a German - speaking Context

Practical Facts on Romanian - language Acquisition in a German - speaking Context

Author(s): Diana-Viorela Burlacu / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

The present study aims to survey the main RFL (Romanian as a Foreign Language) difficulties that the German-language speakers struggle with, especially when their RFL language level is rather low – the so-called A1 or A2levels, as described by the standards of the now traditional CEFR (The Common European Framework of Reference for Languages). Naturally, not all the linguistic worries will be eventually overcome by a higher language level, but this may be the subject of a different study. Romanian is considered an atypical Romance language, influenced throughout its history not only by different Slavic, Greek and Turkish languages, but also by the German, Hungarian or other Romance languages; hence, its complexity and the variety of lexical items, sometimes too hard to be understood by a monolingual speaker. Due to pragmatic reasons, merely the Romanian vocabulary will be taken into consideration and only partially. As a matter of fact, this study represents an experimental but practical tool for the German-language speakers, by providing various tips and tricks, concrete examples and certain learning (including mnemonic) strategies, validated through the author’s two-year teaching experience at the University of Regensburg, after a ten-year RFL teaching experience at the Babeş-Bolyai University in Cluj-Napoca. Sharing the double role of RFL teaching staff and a DaF (German as a Foreign Language) student, the author herself has started to discover more and more similarities, as well as puzzling aspects concerning the two languages, German and Romanian. After all, is puzzlement not the main ingredient in foreign-language learning and teaching?

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Quand une grammaire fait sens : appréhension de la valeur modale du conditionnel par les apprenants hébréophones de FLE en contexte universitaire

Quand une grammaire fait sens : appréhension de la valeur modale du conditionnel par les apprenants hébréophones de FLE en contexte universitaire

Author(s): Silvia Adler,Isabelle Dotan / Language(s): French Issue: 9/2020

In line with our previous work on L1 (Hebrew, as the source language)/L2 (French, as the target language) TAM (time-aspect-mood) discrepancies in FFL classes in Israel – for instance, divergences related to the past tense system – the present paper pursues the study of the conditional mood, especially the study of the semantics related to its modalities. If Hebrew-speaking learners of FFL assimilate effectively theoretical aspects relevant to conditional modalities, they struggle to put this knowledge into practice. The reason is that, just like for indicative compound tenses expressing an extra level of completion or anteriority, Hebrew uses lexical denotation (adverbial expressions) instead of morphological devices. While reviewing the discrepancies between L1 and L2 relevant to the use of linguistic modality, this paper aims at rendering accessible – through a metaphorization of modality by means of linguistic approximation – French conditional modalities to Hebrew-speaking students, for whom the most natural option of meaning expression is the use of lexical components instead of verbal morphology.

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Strategie aktu przeproszenia w nauce języku portugalskiego jako obcego

Strategie aktu przeproszenia w nauce języku portugalskiego jako obcego

Author(s): Justyna Wiśniewska / Language(s): Polish Issue: XXIII/2021

We begin our considerations with claiming that in the process of teaching a foreign language, the primary aim is to develop the pragmatic and communicative competence which means, among others, the ability to construct utterances that are correct and adequate for a particular communicative situation. The subject of this article is to present formal strategies concerning the act of apology, employed by Polish students in the process of learning Portuguese as a foreign language. Since the act of apology can be considered as one of the most essential acts of speech in communication, it is, therefore, important to verify which type of the act of apology is employed by students who are not native users of the Portuguese language.

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Cultural Adaptation, Manipulation and Creativity in Translation

Cultural Adaptation, Manipulation and Creativity in Translation

Author(s): Marta Izabela Bołtuć / Language(s): English Issue: XXIII/2021

This article not only discusses the concept of translation from the point of view of manipulation, creativity, and cultural adaptation, but it also provides examples of translations or adaptations in English and in Polish. I compare various definitions of manipulation, and conclude that manipulation seems to be the defining feature of translation, especially in the case of texts that do not require lexical precision and in which the choice of vocabulary may be, to a certain extent, random. In addition, manipulation should not be analyzed without reference to wider ideological and socio-cultural contexts in which it takes place. At the word level, however, manipulation often takes the form of simple, conscious or not, lexical substitutions meant to produce a faithful translation.

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Przemysław E. Gębal, Władysław T. Miodunka: Dydaktyka i metodyka nauczania języka polskiego jako obcego
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Przemysław E. Gębal, Władysław T. Miodunka: Dydaktyka i metodyka nauczania języka polskiego jako obcego

Author(s): Marta Piasecka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 04/2021

The review of: PRZEMYSŁAW E. GĘBAL, WŁADYSŁAW T. MIODUNKA, DYDAKTYKA I METODYKA NAUCZANIA JĘZYKA POLSKIEGO JAKO OBCEGO, Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, Warszawa 2020, ss. 454

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Key Skills in Business Communication - Persuasion
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Key Skills in Business Communication - Persuasion

Author(s): Elena Ciortescu / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2020

While public speaking has been acknowledged as art due to the power it exerts in affecting people’s attitudes and beliefs, the relevance of the ability to persuade goes well beyond the area of oral communication. People need to persuade their peers on both personal and professional matters. Consequently, if we refer to the area we are particularly interested in, i.e. business, we may assume that persuasion is undoubtedly among the skills that students need to acquire in order to cope with the challenges which occur in various professional (and not only) contexts. Consequently, the aim of this paper is to explore the areas which require the use of persuasive strategies and to discuss the means by which business students could be enabled to acquire the ability to successfully use them. In the first part of the paper, the main theoretical aspects related to communication, business communication and persuasion will be discussed. In the second part of the paper, some strategies for developing persuasion skills among business students will be identified. Finally, conclusions on the best practices in dealing with persuasion in Business communication classes will be drawn.

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Online Business English Examinations – Challenges and Solutions
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Online Business English Examinations – Challenges and Solutions

Author(s): Ana Maria Hopârtean / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2020

As the world has changed beyond recognition in the past few months, so have examinations. The present paper discusses strategies to adjust business English exams so as to fit the online environment in which they now need to take place. These changes represent a challenge not only for examiners and/ or teachers, but also for students, regardless of their age and background. After some theoretical considerations, we take a more practical approach by interviewing several teachers and students in order to gauge the main concerns on both sides and suggest solutions.

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“THIS IS NOT MY WORLD”. ESSENTIAL SUPPORT STRATEGIES FOR NEWLY ARRIVED ADULT IMMIGRANTS LEARNING SWEDISH

“THIS IS NOT MY WORLD”. ESSENTIAL SUPPORT STRATEGIES FOR NEWLY ARRIVED ADULT IMMIGRANTS LEARNING SWEDISH

Author(s): Oliver St John,Vilmantė Liubinienė / Language(s): English Issue: 18/2021

In Sweden, the state-sponsored language education, “Swedish for Immigrants” (Sfi), provides language and cultural knowledge for the integration of newly arrived adult migrants in Swedish society. Sfi’s educational quality has sustained severe criticism. Through qualitative investigation of Sfi teacher work, this study aims to find out what pedagogical priorities guide the teachers’ classroom practices with linguistically and culturally diverse students. Furthermore, it aims to compare the contributions to Sfi learning environments of ethnically diverse teachers whose language experiences are different. Research into second language acquisition and native and non-native second language teachers contextualize the research aims. Bakhtin’s (1986) conception of human understanding as the meeting of two consciousnesses and García’s ideas about translanguaging in language education for adult migrants provide theoretical perspectives. Classroom observation alongside teacher focus groups generated data. Content analysis condensed the data into five “essential support strategies” that foreground students’ existential needs, their home languages as a learning resource, integration, learning challenge and instructional partnership between ethnically diverse teachers. Findings do not support the view that non-native language teachers are better equipped to teach second language students than their native counterparts but illuminate the unequivocal advantage of harnessing the pedagogical strengths of both teacher groups “cooperatively”.

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FLIPPED LEARNING IN EDUCATION: A CONTENT ANALYSIS

FLIPPED LEARNING IN EDUCATION: A CONTENT ANALYSIS

Author(s): Rustam Haidov,Hanife Bensen / Language(s): English Issue: 18/2021

The continuously progressive education system of the 21st century requires the introduction of innovative teaching methodologies incorporating up-to-the-minute technology-oriented styles, which are capable of changing the traditional ways of conducting classes presenting teachers as the ultimate source of knowledge, with a new notion which considers teachers as facilitators and guiders in the world of information. A plethora of research has been conducted with respect to flipped learning, however, the number of research papers presenting content analysis is limited indicating the deficiency and lack of content analysis-based papers on Flipped Classroom in Education. Thus, to fill this gap in the literature, there is a demand for conducting a content analysis. In turn, the aim of this paper was to identify the importance and impact of the distributed documents on a Flipped Learning Model (FLM) in Education which was done by gathering data from the SCOPUS database with keywords ‘Flipped Classroom in Education’, within the range of ten years (2011-2020). All studies published in SCOPUS, were statistically analyzed and examined according to the year of publication, subject area, document type, country/territory, languages, source type, types of research and the research methods. It was found that the publications related to FLM in education had dramatically increased from the year 2011 to 2020. The findings of this study also highlighted the importance of FLM in education, especially in courses that require cognitive skills like social studies, medicine, and computer science.

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MOKOMASIS LIETUVIŲ KALBOS TEKSTYNAS: NAUJAS IŠTEKLIUS BESIMOKANTIESIEMS LIETUVIŲ KALBOS

MOKOMASIS LIETUVIŲ KALBOS TEKSTYNAS: NAUJAS IŠTEKLIUS BESIMOKANTIESIEMS LIETUVIŲ KALBOS

Author(s): Jolanta Kovalevskaitė,Erika Rimkutė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 17/2020

The paper aims to present the first pedagogic corpus of Lithuanian i.e. monolingual specialized corpus, prepared for learning and teaching Lithuanian in a foreign language classroom. The corpus has been collected as a result of the project “Lithuanian Academic Scheme for International Cooperation in Baltic Studies”. It is motivated by the need to have a more appropriate resource which could be representative, authentic and relevant enough concerning the process of learning and teaching Lithuanian as it is known that language represented in other existing corpora of Lithuanian (e.g. Corpus of Contemporary Lithuanian, 140 m tokens) is too complex to use for learning activities. The pedagogic corpus includes authentic Lithuanian texts, selected using such criteria as a learner-relevant communicative function and genre. Spoken language as well as written language are represented in the corpus. The size of the corpus is 669.000 tokens: 111.000 tokens from texts and spoken language for A1–A2 levels, 558.000 tokens from texts and spoken language for B1–B2 levels (according to the CEFR – Common European Framework of Reference for Languages). In this paper, we aim to discuss in detail the written subpart of the corpus (containing 620.000 tokens) which includes levelled texts from coursebooks and unlevelled texts from other sources. The level-appropriate labels were assigned automatically to the texts from other sources and this text classification procedure is presented in the paper. The texts from coursebooks and other sources could be classified into 29 text types (dialogs, narratives, information, etc.) and 4 groups according to the communicative aims: informational texts, educational texts, advertising and fiction. Informational texts comprise the biggest part of the corpus; three mostly represented text types differ in coursebook texts and other sources: the most common coursebook texts are informational, narratives, and dialogs (appr. 78% of all coursebook texts). Texts from other sources are represented with richer diversity – appr. 73% of all texts from this subpart can be classified into 5 text types: subtitles, informational texts, educational texts, fiction, and advisory texts. The future work making pedagogic corpus available for learners and its possible application are presented in the closing remarks.

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SPIELRÄUME IN EINEM AUTONOMIEFÖRDERNDEN DAFUNTERRICHT. EIN BEISPIEL AUS DER UNIVERSITÄREN UNTERRICHTSPRAXIS

SPIELRÄUME IN EINEM AUTONOMIEFÖRDERNDEN DAFUNTERRICHT. EIN BEISPIEL AUS DER UNIVERSITÄREN UNTERRICHTSPRAXIS

Author(s): Sidona Žvaliauskienė / Language(s): German Issue: 17/2020

The concept of learner-centered teaching is very popular in modern foreign language didactics. Specialized literature emphasizes repeatedly how important it is to enable individual and self-directed learning processes and to support them with advice. It is obvious that autonomy can be seen as a key competence that is urgently needed in a constantly changing world of work. With the principles of learner orientation and learner autonomy, the roles of university lecturers and students are also changing. So it seems to be essential for lecturers to answer the following questions: Under what conditions can self-determined, efficient and successful foreign language learning take place in a university-learning environment? How much freedom students can or want to endure in a foreign language class? What are the limitations of learner-oriented teaching in foreign language classes? This article reports on the implementation of the pedagogical concepts of learner orientation and learner autonomy and shows why the use of the didactic principle of learner autonomy in universities is a challenging task for both teachers and learners. The statements are based on the insights gained during the BA seminar on contemporary German language at Kaunas Vytautas Magnus University.

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Specificities of teaching English for Business and Economics
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Specificities of teaching English for Business and Economics

Author(s): Carina Ionela Branzila / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2019

This article aims at discussing the specific character of Business English as compared to General English in general. It will refer to the particularities of Business English taught to undergraduate students in a Romanian university compared to teaching it in-company and in one to one courses, using real case studies. We will discuss the teaching approaches adapted to each of these courses, comparing and analyzing them in depth. The differences will be regarded from the vocabulary and methodological point of view. However, the teaching approach employed and discussed in this article is the communicative one – using mainly functional and task based activities. The article further looks into the recent research on Business English in order to discuss the directions in which this area of study is moving and to examine current issues concerning the field.

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Preparing Students for the Cambridge Business English Certificate (BEC) Higher – Truth or Dare?
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Preparing Students for the Cambridge Business English Certificate (BEC) Higher – Truth or Dare?

Author(s): Ana Maria Hopârtean / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2019

The Cambridge Business English Certificate (BEC) Higher is a challenge that some students dare to take. The present paper investigates the different aspects related to student motivation, learning strategies and the usefulness of this Cambridge certificate in the context of the Romanian job market. After looking into the reasons that precede the students’ decision to take the BEC Higher Certificate, the paper analyses the strategies that successful students use both before and during the examination. Finally, we investigate the usefulness of BEC Higher and similar Cambridge certificates by presenting results from some interviews with both former students and employers.

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