Book Review: English as a lingua franca: Perspectives and prospects. Contributions in honour of Barbara Seidlhofer
Editors: Marie-Luise Pitzl, Ruth Osimk-Teasdale / Publisher: Mouton de Gruyter, 2016, ISBN: 9781501511226, Pages:294
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Editors: Marie-Luise Pitzl, Ruth Osimk-Teasdale / Publisher: Mouton de Gruyter, 2016, ISBN: 9781501511226, Pages:294
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In the first part of the article the author discusses the changes in the understanding of multiculturalism that have been taking place in Poland for more than 20 years. These changes can be reduced to saying that Polish culture has been changing from the national and centralized one to the multicentric and regionalised one. It is neccesary to remember that multiculturalism has existed in Polish society for many centuries, and now, as a stable element, it is becoming a visible part of this society’s collective subconscious. As a result, thephenomenon of multiculturalism is seen as a driving force of the transformation of Polish society from the apparent homogeneity to the increased diversity.The second part of the article is dedicated to educational changes in Poland in the field of teaching Polish language to children from national and ethnic minorities, to migrants, repatriates and refugees. These changes are shown in the context of the process of teaching Polish language to people of non-Polish origin as well as of the process of certification of knowledge of Polish language, which started in 2004, the year of Poland’s accession to the European Union.
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Seyahatnamesi, seyyahnamesi, sefernamesi olan kaç gezgin tanıyoruz? Her seyyah izlenimlerini, gözlemlerini, yaşadıklarını yazmış olsa da, edebi bir değer taşıyan, unutulmayan, iz bırakmış, kalıcı değer kazanmış kaç tane vardır edebiyat dünyasında ? Nasırı Hüsrev, İbn Batuta, Marko Polo, Katip Çelebi, Evliya Çelebi… Yaşamını ve eserlerini inceleyeceğimiz Zeynelabidin kimdir? Ömrünün kırk yılını yollarda geçirmiş bir seyyah, bir gezgin, bir seferi..
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In this paper I argue that a unitary account of the modal and non-modal uses of the German particlesja and doch can be provided by appealing to essentially non-representational properties of the theory of procedural meaning in Relevance Theory (RT). According to Wilson (2011), procedural indicators such as ja and doch function by raising the activation level of cognitive procedures, increasing the likelihood that audiences following the RT comprehension heuristic will use these procedures. Partially following proposals by König (1997) and Blass (2000, 2014), I would like to posit that ja and doch trigger a procedure to raise the epistemic strength of the proposition conveyed. Doch triggers a second procedure in addition, a constraint on context selection to the effect that the proposition conveyed must be processed in a context containing its negation. Since raising the activation level of cognitive procedures can be done in degrees, I argue that the basic difference between modal and non-modal uses of ja and doch is a reflection of differences in the degree of activation level rise: non-modal uses of ja and doch raise the activation of the manifestness procedure to a high degree, giving rise to effects such as emphasis or contrast, whereas modal uses raise this procedure’s activation level merely to some degree. As a result, modal ja and doch are uniquely suitable to mark propositions that do not need much evidential strengthening but would benefit from some such effect. This is most typically the case in mutually manifest assumptions that the communicator intends to use as premises in arguments. However, in some discourse contexts assumptions that are not mutually manifest may also fit this description. The prediction of this analysis is that the modal uses of ja and doch do not form a clearly delimited class; rather, borderline cases exist defying generalizations. I will present data from a qualitative corpus study that confirms these predictions.
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In this paper I argue that a unitary account of the modal and non-modal uses of the German particles ja and doch can be provided by appealing to essentially non-representational properties of the theory of procedural meaning in Relevance Theory (RT). According to Wilson (2011), procedural indicators such as ja and doch function by raising the activation level of cognitive procedures, increasing the likelihood that audiences following the RT comprehension heuristic will use these procedures. Partially following proposals by König (1997) and Blass (2000, 2014), I would like to posit that ja and doch trigger a procedure to raise the epistemic strength of the proposition conveyed. Doch triggers a second procedure in addition, a constraint on context selection to the effect that the proposition conveyed must be processed in a context containing its negation. Since raising the activation level of cognitive procedures can be done in degrees, I argue that the basic difference between modal and non-modal uses of ja and doch is a reflection of differences in the degree of activation level rise: non-modal uses of ja and doch raise the activation of the manifestness procedure to a high degree, giving rise to effects such as emphasis or contrast, whereas modal uses raise this procedure’s activation level merely to some degree. As a result, modal ja and doch are uniquely suitable to mark propositions that do not need much evidential strengthening but would benefit from some such effect. This is most typically the case in mutually manifest assumptions that the communicator intends to use as premises in arguments. However, in some discourse contexts assumptions that are not mutually manifest may also fit this description. The prediction of this analysis is that the modal uses of ja and doch do not form a clearly delimited class; rather, borderline cases exist defying generalizations. I will present data from a qualitative corpus study that confirms these predictions.
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In this paper I argue that a unitary account of the modal and non-modal uses of the German particles ja and doch can be provided by appealing to essentially non-representational properties of the theory of procedural meaning in Relevance Theory (RT). According to Wilson (2011), procedural indicators such as ja and doch function by raising the activation level of cognitive procedures, increasing the likelihood that audiences following the RT comprehension heuristic will use these procedures. Partially following proposals by König (1997) and Blass (2000, 2014), I would like to posit that ja and doch trigger a procedure to raise the epistemic strength of the proposition conveyed. Doch triggers a second procedure in addition, a constraint on context selection to the effect that the proposition conveyed must be processed in a context containing its negation. Since raising the activation level of cognitive procedures can be done in degrees, I argue that the basic difference between modal and non-modal uses of ja and doch is a reflection of differences in the degree of activation level rise: non-modal uses of ja and doch raise the activation of the manifestness procedure to a high degree, giving rise to effects such as emphasis or contrast, whereas modal uses raise this procedure’s activation level merely to some degree. As a result, modal ja and doch are uniquely suitable to mark propositions that do not need much evidential strengthening but would benefit from some such effect. This is most typically the case in mutually manifest assumptions that the communicator intends to use as premises in arguments. However, in some discourse contexts assumptions that are not mutually manifest may also fit this description. The prediction of this analysis is that the modal uses of ja and doch do not form a clearly delimited class; rather, borderline cases exist defying generalizations. I will present data from a qualitative corpus study that confirms these predictions.
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The present paper discusses the etymology of three Gothic nouns: banja* ‘sore’, winja ‘pasture’, and sunja ‘truth’. Each of them has a cognate in Old Norse: ben ‘fatal wound’, vin ‘oasis’ and syn ‘refusal’. None of the West-Germanic languages preserves all three nouns. All are short, feminine jō-stems with an -n- in front of the stem suffix. The main issue discussed here is the etymology and formation of these nouns.
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Although the Germanic dialects offer very ancient vocabulary, the have long been neglected from an etymological perspective. A very old word is e.g. Germ. Kladder ‘dirt, mud’. Because of its onomatopoetic nature this word shows a considerable diversification and expansion in the Germanic languages: klatt- and klāt‑ in Low German, Middle German, Upper German next to kladd‑ only in Low German. Those words ultimately go back to a Proto-Germanic substantive *klađđō f. ‘clot, lump, mud, dirt’, leading to the well-known PIE root *gleh1‑ ‘to be greasy, to be dirty’.
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This article presents an etymological case study on Pre-Greek (PG): it analyzes about 20 words starting with the letter N that have been cataloged as ‹PG› or ‹PG?› in the new Etymological dictionary of Greek (EDG), but for which alternative explanations are equally possible or more likely. The article starts by discussing the Leiden etymological dictionaries series, then discusses the EDG and the concept of PG and then analyzes the individual words. This analysis is performed by giving an overview of the most important earlier suggestions and contrasting it with the arguments used to catalogue the word as PG. In the process, several issues of Indo-European phonology (such as the phoneme inventory and sound laws) will be discussed.
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This study seeks to investigate EFL students’ perception of the benefits of translationas a skill for their language learning instead of as a mere tool in the learning process, and the relevance of a translation course in their study program. Ninety-five Indonesian university students of an English Department taking an EFL teacher training program participated in this study by filling in a questionnaire using a four point Likert scale with items consisting of complementary open and closed ended questions. The responses show an overwhelming favorable response towards the merits of translation as a skill for their L2 language learning regardless of their L2 (English) proficiency, which was represented by their GPA. Most participants also believed that a translation course is very relevant to their study although translation is not an intended career path for the program’s graduates. This study further challenges the belief that translation is harmful for learners’ language acqusition and therefore should be avoided in language learning/ teaching.
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In the Old Believers’ monastery in Wojnowo a few primers survived – the remains of the school which was conducted by the nuns in the 19th and 20th century. A comparative analysis of the copies and some loose sheets which are left has shown that there are four different editions which were printed in at least two printing houses. The analysed copies are identical reprints of the earlier first edition and constitute part of an Old Russian tradition of learning to read and write which was started by Ivan Fiodorov in 1574 and continued by Jakov Zeleznikov and the Old-Ritualists printing house in Moscow.
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In modern Turkish linguistics modal words have not been investigated from the scientific point of view as parts of speech. In article attempt of consideration of modal words as parts of speech becomes. The author on an extensive linguistic material has studied prominent features of modal words in Turkic languages.
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In this article the motives of "Dada Gorgud" are investigated in the works of A.Demirchizadeh. It is noted that the study of history of the Azerbaijani language takes very important part of the scientific activities of professor A.Demirchizadeh. One of his biggest services in researching of history of our language is the investigation leaded on the language of the legendes of "Dada Gorgud". It is specially mentioned that A.Demirchizadeh first put the theme of «Dada Gorgud» on the stage of theatre. At the same time, it is also stated in the article that the libretto, written on the basic of "Kitabi- Dada Gorgud".
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Expressing irony of meaning of phraseological units this article deals with the creation of contrast semantics.The work, situation, condition and quality are approved in most of phraseological units which create irony of meaning in the text or in the content. The negation which is based on negative emotion is expressed with phraseological irony in implicit form. According to analysis the author comes to a conclusion that irony doesn’t get limited in separate words.Being contradiction of the whole sentence or paragraph irony realizes in communication and takes an active part.
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The article is an attempt to answer a question whether writing in a foreign language isa genuine challenge, a support in (educational) everyday reality, or solely a separate activityof secondary importance. Writing in a foreign language is considered here from the perspectiveof other language skills, followed by an analysis of a questionnaire conducted amongstudents of School of German examining the importance and level of difficulty attached bythem to individual skills.
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This paper is devoted to the creation of linguocultural image of Ukraine in the process of teaching Ukrainian as a foreign language. The paper deals with the Ukrainian culture-through-language studies. The work focuses on analyzing the cultural component of Ukrainian toponyms, teaching them to foreign students and peculiarities of their interpretation in the Ukrainian culture-through-language dictionary.
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The mass media and the linguistic means used to mediate information constitute an important resource for persons studying a language as foreign one. Media texts give students a possibility to get acquainted with contemporary lexical, grammatical and stylistic changes. In addition, through the media language and its structure the reader obtains information — quite often implicit information — about the society, its history and culture.
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The article is devoted to consideration of the precedential phenomena in methodological aspect, search of optimal presentation of these units before foreign language speaking audience, argumentation related to the necessity of the creation of language and cultural minimum for different levels of the Ukrainian language skills of a foreign student.
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The paper refers to the pragmatics’ perspective on opinion mining in Polish and English, inspired by the discrepancy between the coverage of sentiment analysis and the market demand. An analysis of speech acts expressed in opinion texts reveals that almost half of all opinions include ways of indirect evaluation that might not get extracted while applying traditional methods of sentiment analysis based on direct evaluative vocabulary and polarity lexicons. Coding of sentiment with respect to speech acts could vastly broaden data mining results within an NLPsystem.
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