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Cочинения старообрядцев-беспоповцев в Речи Посполитой в XVIII в

Author(s): Nadezhda (Nadežda) Morozova / Language(s): Russian Issue: -/2013

The article deals with the evaluation of creative works by priestless Old Believers residing in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the 18th century. The study gives a special emphasis to the two main issues, i.e. 1) creative work of Feodosiy Vasilyev and his son Evstrat Feodosiyev (Feodosiyevich) and 2) the texts on activities of the Feodoseevtsy Council meetings that took place in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in the first half through the middle of the 18th century. The evaluation of the original creative work of priestless Old Believers of the Polish– Lithuanian Commonwealth specified in the article enables to conclude about the gradual expansion of the territories in which settlements of Old Believers appeared and the residents of which would be involved in active polemic and literary activities. The second third of the 18th century is characterized by the highest intellectual activity that would primarily be attributed to the inhabitants of the Sebezh lands.

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О родстве московской и кирилло-белозерской редакций Стишного пролога

Author(s): Marina Vladimirovna Chistiakova / Language(s): Russian Issue: -/2012

The Versed Synaxarion of the Kirillo-Belozersky collection 1.1240, created in Rostov diocese in 1452 and preserved at the Russian National Library, is the oldest copy of the Kirillo-Belozersky edition of the Versed Synaxarion. The comparison of its structure with the Moscow edition of the Versed Synaxarion (Russian State library, Trinity Lavra of St. Sergius, no. 720, 721, 722) suggests there is a relationship between the two editions. Textual analysis was employed to reconstruct the common prototype of the two editions. The Tarnovo edition in this “proto-edition” has been supplemented with homilies for selected dates. These homilies are a common feature of the Kirillo-Belozersky and Moscow editions alone and are not commonly found in other Eastern Slavic editions of the Versed Synaxarion. Comparison of the structure of the Kirillo-Belozersky 1.1240 and the Moscow edition demonstrates that some texts in the copy 1.1240 have been either edited or deleted, and an additional comparison with the Simple Synaxarion has been made. The Moscow edition is less innovative and is not affected by these changes. Individual homilies in the Kirillo-Belozersky edition derive from the Alphabetical Jerusalem Paterikon, the Slavic Compilation Paterikon, and the Rome Paterikon as well as from some detailed versions of the lives of the saints; the Kirillo-Belozersky edition has little in common with the corpus of individual sermons of the Moscow edition, which includes the homilies of Isaac the Syrian, Nikita Stethatos, Ephrem the Syrian, Abba Dorotheus, and other authors

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Из истории становления словацкого литературного языка: кодификация А. Бернолака и формирование нормы в текстах бернолаковцев А. Руднаи и Ф. К. Габела

Author(s): Konstantin V. Lifanov / Language(s): Russian Issue: -/2011

This paper deals with Bernolák’s codification in comparison with the real form of Bernolák’s literary language presented in sermons of the Hungarian Cardinal A. Rudnay and translation of the religious treatise from German by Fr. X. Habel. This comparison shows that in real practice Bernolák’s language changed its character, coming nearer to norm of traditional Slovak writing. As a result typical elements, the most widespread in a West Slovak dialect or characterizing peripheral the Záhorie dialect of West Slovakia and the Czech language, forced out the elements concentrated in the Central Slovak dialect. The found out phenomena testifies that the norm essentially different from codification was formed in Bernolák‘s language.

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Памятник книжной культуры староверов Даугавпилсского р-на

Author(s): Grigory Miheev / Language(s): Russian Issue: -/2011

This article presens the description of the old print book of Russian Old Believers found and researched in Daugavpils, Latvia in 2010. This old print of the Book of Psalmes, with some handwritten inscriptions presents an unfinished work of an unknown scribe and restorator of incunable Books of Psalms. The description contains as following: the condition of the book binding and features of preserved part of printed texts, paper and 8 types of watermarks that were found on it. The pictures of filigrees and short details about paper mills, where the similar filigrees were used, are attached. The author provides the reproduction of the font, miniature, colophon, initials, three of publications and two hand written records. The print is identified as being close or similar to the Books of Psalmes and the other books printed by Pyotr Mstislavets, Vasil Garaburda and Mamonichi in the years between 1574 and 1601. The finding has been defined as similar to the “Black Dot Book of Psalms”, presumably printed by Mamnochis printing house in Vilnus. Its closest copy might be considered “The Red Dot Book of Psalmes” printed by Pyotr Mstislavets in 1678 in the same printing house. The date of the described print has been estimated as not later than July, 1600.

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Języki piśmiennictwa religijnego na terenie WKL w XVII wieku. Dwujęzyczna postylla katolicka Konstantego Szyrwida

Author(s): Kristina Rutkovska / Language(s): Polish Issue: -/2018

The Grand Duchy of Lithuania (GDL) was known in the European culture as a multilingual and multicultural country. The history of Lithuanian language, especially its religious literature, was complicated: the first pieces of literature in Lithuanian appear only in the 16th century. The object of the current paper is the function of Lithuanian language and the extent of using other languages, first of all, Polish, in Catholic religious literature on the territory of the GDL. The paper provides an overview of general linguistic-cultural background, which stimulated writing in ethnic languages on the territory of the GDL, and the detailed presentation of the piece of literature, which is important to Lithuanian culture – the first original postil written in Lithuanian and Polish – the book of sermons “Gospel Points” by Konstantinas Sirvydas.

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Veidas ir transcendencija šiuolaikinėje lietuvių poezijoje (teologinės ir filosofinės etikos akiratis)

Author(s): Dalia Jakaitė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 1/2017

The face is a literary image that has a long and rich tradition and is also a part of contemporary Lithuanian poetry. The source of the selection of sources in the article by choosing a carnal, visually recognizable lyrical subject or his other face, this phenomenon is perceived more broadly - according to the concept of E. Lévin's face. The face of contemporary poetry (the latter - in the sense of identity) is intended to be revealed in the study of the work of poets of different generations, starting with the 20th century. the ending (last decade) and finishing with the latest works: poetry by J. Vaičiūnaitė, J. Juškaitis, O. Balijukonis, J. Jekentaitė, R. Mikutavičius, R. Stankevičius, S. Vilimaitė, S. Kandratavičius and other authors. The fact that in some cases the person acquires a religious outlook on the Christian tradition determines the relevant theoretical basis of the article. The theoretical access to the article is the combination of theological (D. Miethas) and philosophical ethics (E. Lévin) formulated in terms of hermeneutical methodology. The significance of ethical metaphysics is sought in the poetic representations of the lyrical subject, the human and divine, the other, traditional saints.

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Lietuviškosios religinės tapatybės raiškos užuomazgos ir jų ženklai XVII amžiaus LDK poezijoje: M. K. Sarbievijaus religinės tematikos tekstai

Author(s): Ona Daukšienė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 7/2006

The subject-matter of this research is a Latin religious poetry written at the 17th century, primarily by Jesuit authors, in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The texts analysed in the paper are seen as important to the further formation of Lithuanian religious identity and its poetical expression. It is possible to trace the influence of some Baroque Latin texts, especially of those written by M. C. Sarbievius (Sarbiewski), the most popular Latin poet in Lithuania through following centuries, on the religious poetry of the 19th century. Some topics, as presented in the later religious texts and often being explained as a mere reflection of Romantic discourse, seem to be derived from the baroque expression.

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Pamaldus pilietis LDK Baroko laidotuvių pamoksluose

Author(s): Viktorija Vaitkevičiūtė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 7/2006

Reflecting on the Baroque funeral sermons and using the topic of intrinsically precious origin, images of good citizen and warrior of the Christ, the article discloses the contemporary concept of the identity of the citizen of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. These texts create an image of an ideal noble person, which has no freedom of choice, as by inheriting the nobleness the identity is given for granted. The noble person has to be a brave warrior-knight, fighting for freedom, justice, the homeland and the catholic faith. The character of the funeral sermons perfectly combines a brave warrior and a pious believer. The image of a pious citizen had to affect the feelings of contemporary listeners and readers, to awake the public spirit and to focus on certain ethical norms.

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Tautiškosios religinės tapatybės svarstymai literatūros teologijos aspektu

Author(s): Dalia Čiočytė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 5/2006

The article sets to explore the theoretical principles of literary theology which is employed to discuss and interpret the works by Vincas Mykolaitis-Putinas – the classic writer of Lithuanian literature. It is assumed that several Putinas’ works represent different forms of Lithuanian religious identity: traditional Western Christianity and modern individualism. The latter is being interpreted in the context of the deistic notion of God. A hypothesis is being made that some strong emphases on such aspects of Lithuanian Christianity as the fear of God may have been influenced by the emergence of the deistic and atheistic concepts of the Deity.

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Literatūros teologija: identiteto paieškos

Author(s): Gediminas Mikelaitis / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 5/2006

The emerging literary theology is based above all on a centuries-old tradition. From the philosophy and literary studies of the modern age, it takes on a critical reflection of the phenomena of religion and social views. Thanks to their methodological flexibility and the ability to evaluate religious experiences or the transcendent dimension of life in a more versatile and more insightful way, literary theology basically solves those in the first half and in the middle of the twentieth century. Century common term Christian literature. As a method of literary research, literary theology opens up new possibilities for the development of new semantic and structural layers in the structure of Lithuanian literature.

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Bazilijonų vienuolijos ryšiai su Vilniaus universitetu

Author(s): Ina Kažuro / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 42/2018

Vilnius University has been the preeminent high school of The Grand Duchy of Lithuania for several centuries, spreading its influence across different areas of public life – religion, politics, culture. This article analyzes the influence of the Vilnius Alma Mater on the development of the Order of Saint Basil the Great (which had operated between 1617–1839). To that end, three aspects, revealing the connections of the two establishments, are distinguished: Basilians as university students, Basilians as university professors, and Basilians as university partners in the field of education. The research indicates that over a hundred young Basilians were studying in Vilnius University between 1617 and 1832. The members of the Basilian Order constituted a significant group of monk students from the mid-18th to the early 19th centuries. Cooperation in administering secondary schools yielded mutual benefits for both Vilnius University, which supervised the Vilnius educational district in 1803–1832, and the Basilian Order. The Order secured maintenance and provided support for a certain part of the Vilnius educational district schools, while the University became the protector and representative of the Order’s interests in Russian governmental institutions. The employment of Basilian lecturers (professors and vice-professors) at Vilnius University indicates the public recognition of the Order.

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Sugrįžtant prie organiškosios valstybės: apie katalikiškos sociologijos įtaką katalikiškajam korporatyvizmui

Author(s): Vilius Kubekas / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 42/2018

This article examines the uses of Catholic corporatist theory among Catholic social theorists in Lithuania during the interwar period, with particular focus on the social theory of Pranas Dielininkaitis (1902–1942). Dielininkaitis, who received his doctoral degree in sociology at Paris University in 1933, acted as a transmitter of Catholic social theory in Lithuania. In 1934, he participated in the summer school on Catholic state theory in Switzerland. Later on, Dielininkaitis drew on his Swiss influences and used the existing framework of Catholic sociology to develop and promote his own concept of corporatism. Like many other Catholic social theorists, Dielininkaitis saw corporatism as a “third way” between capitalist and socialist economic systems. Interestingly, Dielininkaitis limited Catholic corporatism to social and economic spheres and separated it from political implications. However, in his considerations on the political crisis in France, Dielininkaitis maintained that the political form is an expression of social life. Therefore, his separation of corporatism from the political sphere still remained problematic on a theoretical level; the perceived connection between political order and social life implied that Dielininkaitis’s concept of social and economic corporatism was open to a redefinition into a political project.

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Kunigo drama: tarp pašaukimo ir metafizinio maišto (Vinco Mykolaičio-Putino Altorių šešėly ir Georgesʼo Bernanoso Po šėtono saule)

Author(s): Vytautas Bikulčius / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 4/2018

The paper deals with the influence of the Catholic revival (le renouveau catholique) in France on Vincas Mykolaitis-Putinas’ novel In the Shadows of Altars. The novel is a natural continuation of Lithuanian literature. It is no coincidence that the author, while primarily focusing on the psychological side of the novel’s protagonist, at the same time demonstrates the tradition of the classic (the Balzacian or the Stendhalian) novel. When Liudas Vasaris begins his studies at the Theological Seminary he realizes that a calling to serve God is his life problem – there is a clash between the priesthood and his ambition to be a poet. But he is not likely to rebel against God as he does not perceive the priesthood to be his own life’s path. Thus, the priesthood does not become Liudas Vasaris’ existential experience, he confines himself to the earthly milieu. In this way Liudas Vasaris differs from the protagonist of George Bernanos’ novel Under Satan’s Sun, Father Donissan, who dares to rise above earthly life and stand up to God and perceive it as a metaphysical revolt. Mykolaitis-Putinas, who probably knew Bernanos’ novel, most likely saw it as an additional material that demonstrates a priest’s path.

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Kauko, Mikko, Miika Norro, Kirsi-Maria Nummila, Tanja Toropainen & Tuomo Fonsén, eds. Languages in the Lutheran Reformation. Textual Networks and the Spread of Ideas

Author(s): Eleonora Buožytė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 1/2019

The review of: Kauko, Mikko, Miika Norro, Kirsi-Maria Nummila, Tanja Toropainen & Tuomo Fonsén, eds. 2019. Languages in the Lutheran Reformation. Textual Networks and the Spread of Ideas. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 303 p. ISBN 978 94 6298 155 3.

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KSIĄDZ DR JÓZEF DEPOWSKI (1879-1939) – KAPŁAN LWOWSKIEJ ARCHIDIECEZJI ORMIAŃSKIEJ, NAUCZYCIEL, WYCHOWAWCA I SPOŁECZNIK

Author(s): Tomasz Krzyżowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 27/2020

Józef Depowski was born on 29 November 1879 in Ropczyce in a family of farmers, in 1899 he graduated the classical gymnasium in Rzeszów and began studies of philosophy, theology and spiritual formation in the Theological Seminary in Tarnów, which he was obliged to abandon due to health problems. From 1907-1916 he studied in the Faculty of Theology and Philosophy of the Swiss University of Fribourg, where in 1912 he defended his doctoral thesis on the subject of the history of art. In 1912 he became incardinated to the Armenian Catholic Archdiocese of Lviv and in 1913 he took holy orders. After his return to Galicia he undertook the job of a teacher and a catechizer in the gymnasiums in Zamość (1916-1917) and in Ropczyce (1923-1930). He was a teacher and an educator of the youth, he taught several subjects in secondary schools, he served as the headmaster of a gymnasium, the chaplain of a nursery, he was a spiritual leader, the pastoral minister of workers, the initiator of social undertakings, the author of scientific publications. From 1936-1939 he was the administrator the Armenian parish in Tyśmienica. He passed away on 8 November 1939 in Ropczyce, where he was also buried.

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KS. TEOFIL LEWICKI (1875-1952)

Author(s): Bartosz Walicki / Language(s): Polish Issue: 27/2020

Rev. Teofi Lewicki was born on the 10th of October, 1879 in Laszki Murowane. He was a graduate of Gymnasium in Sanok. He finished the formation of priesthood in Seminary in Przemyśl. He got the priestly orders on 31st of January,1899. Then he worked as a vicar in Wesoła (1899-1902), Stojańce (1902-1903), Laszki (1903-1904), Rakszawa (1904) and in Łąka (1904-1910). In the year of 1911 he became a parish priest in Trzeboś. In 1922 he became a vice dean a Sokołów. Apart from his common priestly work, he also engaged in a church renovation and plenty of social works. Rev. Teofil Lewicki retired in 1945. He died on the 21st of September, 1952.

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PROPOZYCJE „ETHOSU”

Author(s): D. Ch.,M. Ch. / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2021

Review of: M.Ch. - Osoba – wspólnota – wartości. Personalizm Karola Wojtyły – Jana Pawła II, red. Agnieszka Lekka-Kowalik, Grzegorz Barth, Krzysztof Guzowski, Bartłomiej Sipiński, Instytut Jana Pawła II KUL – Wydawnictwo KUL, Lublin 2021, ss. 578. D.Ch. - Aneta Grodecka, Wiersze znad palety. Twórczość poetycka artystów polskich XIX i XX wieku, słowo/obraz terytoria, Gdańsk 2020, ss. 328.

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ДО ПРОБЛЕМИ ВІЗАНТІЙСЬКОГО ІКОНОСТАСУ В КИЄВО-ПЕЧЕРСЬКІЙ ЛАВРІ ХІХ - ПОЧАТКУ ХХ СТОЛІТТЯ

Author(s): Maryna Afanasiyivna Bardik / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 2/2021

The purpose of the article is to discover the issue of creating the Byzantine iconostasis in the artistic decoration of the Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra in the 19th – early 20th centuries a case study of the Great Pechersk Church (the Dormition Cathedral). The methodology is based on complex using historical and cultural analysis, and art study analysis. Scientific novelty. Milestones of creating the Byzantine style iconostasis in the Dormition Cathedral during the 19th – Early 20th centuries have been discovered. The cultural and artistic basis for implementing the idea of Byzantine iconostasis in 1845–1847, 1890-1900s has been revealed according to the text and visual records introduced into scientific circulation. The dominant role of the main iconostasis for the image of side-altars’ new iconostasis has been determined. The conservatism of religious personages who wanted to preserve the features of the previous iconostasis (height, number of tiers, the old icons, etc.) has been proved. It is determined that the sacred value of some icons was more important as a stylistic priority and it barely led to the replacement of the material of the iconostasis (silver instead of marble that traditional for Byzantine iconostases). Published photos of the Big iconostasis and the approved draft of the main iconostasis with the author of autographs (photos from the collection of the National Reserve “Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra”). It has been found out distinguished Ukrainian art historian H. Pavlutskyi in one of them. The autonomy of the iconostases style of the mural paintings style in the Great Pechersk Church decoration has been proved. Conclusions. The attempt to realize the idea of the Byzantine iconostasis in the Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra’s Great Church in 1845–1847 created a precedent of the inconsistency of the artistic style of iconostasis and mural painting. The Byzantine style iconostasis hypothetically could exist in the spacious Baroque plastic art. Conversely, the complex of Baroque iconostases existed independently of the wall form performed in accordance with the Byzantine tradition at the turn of the 19th and the 20th century. The polemic pointed around the main iconostasis, a new іmage of other iconostases designed in a complex with it. The baroque tradition was implemented in the new iconostasis projects. The monks perceived a change in mural paintings but they considered some icons by sacral constants in the Great Church. The Big iconostasis without upper tiers with the Byzantine cross was the victory of the Baroque tradition. The preservation of Baroque iconostases was a testimony of their stylistic autonomy from the mural painting decorated in Byzantine style.

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The Moral-Educational Role of Teaching Religion in School

Author(s): Vasile Miron / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2021

The universe is an unbroken abyss and an immense unknown, as God cannot be known in His Being, but His presence and work in our lives can be felt and cultivated through a high knowledge and living of the teaching of faith, through liberation from passions and the practice of Christian virtues. Science offers us a partial truth, while religion opens the horizon of our spiritual perfection, communicating eternal and divine truths concerning man’s life and eternal destiny, which is fulfilled only in God only. It teaches us that “the world and its lust pass away, but he that does the will of God remains forever” (1 John 2:17).

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Religious Education. Ground for Soul Recovery

Author(s): Vasile Miron / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

Religious education is an action specific to human spirituality and corresponds to the inner hope of the man to perfect himself morally and continuously reach for the resemblance with God through a clean and holy life, free from desires and sins. This action is developed progressively and consciously by the educator, according to the Christian moral principles and to a well-organized plan. It is sustained by love, trust, freedom and by the gift of God and, through its functions of improving and guiding the Christian soul, seeks the making of the moral-religious character with its perfection in the Christian personality.

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