Економија на маглини и сенки – скриената економија во Maкедонија

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): English,Macedonian

KEY POINTS * According to the research being done on the issue of hidden economy, its share in Macedonia, depending on the measurement method used, ranges from 24% to 47% of GDP with a tendency to decrease. * The decreasing, but still large unemployment rate (28.4% as of Q2 2014), as one of the most important factors that give rise to hidden economic activities and practices, indicates a crossover from the informal to the formal sector. * The indicators of non-observed economy (NOE) and observed informal employment by the SSO indicate a tendency of decreasing hidden economy and increasing formalization of labor. * Attracting FDIs through improving the business environment, increasing the capacity of the self-employment program of the Employment Agency, and reforming the inspectorates will remain some of the most crucial factors in encouraging the formalization process of labor and businesses and thus decreasing hidden economic activities.

Macedonian Diplomatic Bulletin 2012/58

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): English

Macedonian Diplomatic Bulletin 2014/82-83

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): English

Macedonian Diplomatic Bulletin 2014/89

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): English

Macedonian Diplomatic Bulletin 2014/90

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): English

Macedonian Diplomatic Bulletin 2016/109

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): English

Macedonian Diplomatic Bulletin 2018/124

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): English

№217. The European Council Summit and the Political Economics of the EMU Crisis

Author(s): Cezary Wójcik,Christian Fahrholz / Language(s): English

Roger Ailes, a former advisor to Ronald Reagan ,recalls in his book an intriguing practice of the ancient Romans: when they finished building a bridge or an arch, they enforced accountability by placing the engineer in charge beneath the construction when the scaffolding was removed. If the edifice did not hold, he was the first to know. We do not follow such drastic practices these days in Europe, but with some European economies shaking and the Greek sovereign debt crisis still not over, the architecture of the euro area has been certainly come under severe stress. Unfortunately, the 28-29 October2010 European Council Summit has not made this architecture much safer.

№218. Unearthing China’s Rare Earths Strategy

Author(s): Roderick Kefferpütz / Language(s): English

Relations between China and the West have been difficult at best in recent months. Frustrations on both sides have increased palpably. Besides long-standing disagreements over Beijing’s policy on the renminbi, the stalled climate change negotiations and human rights, new challenges have also (re)emerged. These include, amongst others, rising concerns over China’s role in the South China Sea and the conflict over the Japanese-controlled Senkaku or Diaoyu Islands in the East China Sea. Recently, however, one issue inparticular has made the headlines: rare earths.

№227. A Renewed Political Deal for Sustainable Growth within the Eurozone and the EU

Author(s): Richard E. Baldwin,Giuliano Amato,Stefano Micossi,Daniel Gros,Pier Carlo Padoan / Language(s): English

Under current policies, the European Union will only be able to pull itself out of low growth and high unemployment very slowly – too slowly to exclude dangerous economic and political assaults on the Union’s continuing cohesion and viability. What is needed is a substantial increase in the EU output growth rate, which has been persistently low for too long a time. With low growth, sovereign debt sustainability in a number of member states will remain uncertain, possibly leading to renewed strains in financial markets and rising spreads that will aggravate the costs of budgetary consolidation.

№233. Debt reduction without default?

Author(s): Thomas Mayer,Daniel Gros / Language(s): English

This paper proposes a two-step, market-based approach to debt reduction: Step 1. The European Financial Stability Facility (EFSF) would offer holders of debt of the countries with an EFSF programme (probably Greece, Ireland and Portugal = GIP) an exchange into EFSF paper at the market price prior to their entry into an EFSF-funded programme. The offer would be valid for 90 days. Banks would be forced in the context of the ongoing stress tests to write down even their banking book and thus would have an incentive to accept the offer. Step 2. Once the EFSF had acquired most of the GIP debt, it would assess debt sustainability country by country. a) If the market price discount at which it acquired the bonds is enough to ensure sustainability, the EFSF will write down the nominal value of its claims to this amount, provided the country agrees to additional adjustment efforts (and, in some cases, asset sales).b) If under a central scenario this discount is not enough to ensure sustainability, the EFSF might agree on a lower interest rate, but with GDP warrants to participate in the upside.

№234. The Case for ‘more Single Market’

Author(s): Jacques Pelkmans / Language(s): English

With the Commission’s consultation period on the Single Market Act (European Commission, 2010) nearing its end, it is high time for the EU to get its act together. Priority should immediately be restored to theissue of the Single Market, and EU powers to deepen and widen the internal market, where economically justifiable, ought to be utilized to the full. This CEPS Policy Brief explains why.

№236. Spillovers from the Arab Revolts: Is Armenia next in line?

Author(s): Hrant Kostanyan / Language(s): English

The recent cycle of revolutions in Arab countries has caught policy-makers and experts off guard. The decades-long kleptocracy, systemic corruption, economic stagnation and censorship are merely some of named causes accounting for the shake-up of the old order in Europe’s Southern Neighbourhood. The choices that citizens were deprived of making through the ballot box have been accomplished by taking to the streets. Policy makers and analysts are contemplating the possible scenarios for the countries that have finally brought down their dictators.

Rozvojový rozměr české zahraniční politiky

Author(s): Ondřej Horký-Hlucháň / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Po změně vlády a schválení zákona a nové koncepce zahraniční rozvojové spolupráce na jaře 2010, jež víceméně předurčily vývoj české rozvojové spolupráce na několik let dopředu, by šlo rok následující označit za poněkud nezajímavý a skoupý na podobné mezníky. Nicméně tak jako se každá ze jmenovaných událostí stala výsledkem pozvolného vývoje české politiky v širším smyslu i vládních politik ve smyslu užším, i rok 2011 především dokreslil tendence roku předcházejícího. Podnadpis loňské kapitoly této „ročenky“ položil poněkud sugestivní otázku Konec transformace, počátek emancipace? a poukázal na to, že formální ukončení institucionální transformace zahraniční rozvojové spolupráce a její centralizace na MZV a jemu podřízené rozvojové agentuře neznamená nutně i lepší naplňování unijních a mezinárodních závazků. Zároveň kapitola ale poukázala na úspěšné, byť někdy kontroverzní hledání identity české rozvojové spolupráci mezi ostatními dárcovskými zeměmi, a konstatovala celkové posílení agendy vůči ostatním aktérům s vlivem na rozvojovou spolupráci.

Rozvojový rozměr české zahraniční politiky

Author(s): Ondřej Horký / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Česká rozvojová spolupráce v březnu 2010 oslavila v tichosti patnáct let svého oficiálního trvání. Podobná jubilea svádějí k bilancování a lacinému srovnávání s růstem a rozvojem lidské osobnosti. Podle něj by tak zahraniční rozvojová spolupráce (ZRS) letos ukončila věk puberty čili tělesného dospívání a vstoupila by do období adolescence, které charakterizuje napětí mezi fyzickou vyspělostí a psychickou nevyzrálostí. Shodou okolností je tato paralela celkem trefná. Parlament schválil zákon, který symbolicky rozvojovou spolupráci povýšil, vláda přijala novou koncepci, která stanovila nové geografické i sektorové priority pro nadcházející období a mírně omezila roztříštěnost české spolupráce s rozvojovými zeměmi. V závěrečné fázi je na MZV příprava programů pro prioritní země Bosnu a Hercegovinu, Etiopii, Moldavsko a Mongolsko i aktualizace metodiky projektového cyklu.

Decentralization in Public Administration and Redefining Power for More Effective Governance

Author(s): Cristian Dumitrescu / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Local Autonomy and Administrative Decentralization are fundamental principles in the state organization of power, in building the rule of law, in the development of democracy at all levels. Decentralization is an essential principle in the construction of Public Administration. Along with Local Autonomy and the Deconcentration of Public Services, this principle contributes to defining the way in which power and responsibility are distributed between the different levels of administration, with the aim of improving the efficiency and relevance of decisions made according to the needs and particularities of communities. Described as a transfer of administrative and financial powers from central Public Administration to local Public Administration, Decentralization is seen as a tool that facilitates more effective management of community and citizen needs. Putting the citizen at the centre of administrative reform strategies is a common point in governments’ efforts. The objective of making the Administrative System more efficient and closer to the citizen reflects a desire to improve the experience and satisfaction of citizens in the interaction with the Public Administration. Even if ambitious goals are included in governance programmes and reform strategies, their effective implementation requires administrative capacity and effective coordination. Sometimes implementation can be hampered by insufficient resources, lack of expertise, or lack of a coordinated approach between different entities and levels of Administration.

Recognition and Enforcement of Judgments between the Czech Republic and Ukraine

Author(s): Miroslav Sedláček,Tetiana KRAVCHENKO / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The recognition and enforcement of judgments between the Czech Republic and Ukraine are crucial elements in fostering international legal cooperation and ensuring access to justice for individuals and businesses operating across borders. This paper explores the legal framework and procedures governing the recognition and enforcement of judgments between these two countries. It highlights the significance of bilateral and multilateral agreements, such as the Lugano Convention or the Hague Convention, in facilitating this process. Additionally, it discusses the challenges and complexities that may arise in cross-border enforcement cases, including issues related to jurisdiction, reciprocity, and public policy. The paper underscores the importance of a well-established legal framework and effective judicial cooperation to promote legal certainty and enhance the ease of doing business and cross-border legal transactions between the Czech Republic and Ukraine.

The both sides. On the benefits and drawbacks of central bank digital currencies

Author(s): Paweł Marszałek / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Purpose: Analysing the most frequently pointed out advantages and disadvantages of central bank digital currencies. The analysis will make it possible to draw up a balance of the potential introduction of CBDCs. Methodology: The paper surveys literature and documents of selected financial. Findings: The balance of the benefits and drawbacks of CBDCs is not obvious. First, due to the heterogeneity of conditions in individual countries and the multitude of variants, CBDCs are far from universal. Second, the advantages of CBDCs seem to be somewhat exaggerated: many of them can be achieved using existing institutional solutions or payment technologies, while some are rather wishful thinking. Third, there are contradictions between the various advantages and uses of CBDCs. Fourth, many of the advantages of CBDCs cannot be achieved without a top-down ban on paper money, which is neither desirable nor socially justifiable.

Przedsiębiorstwa państwowe – kontrowersyjne instytucje II Rzeczypospolitej

Author(s): Urszula Zagóra-Jonszta / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

State enterprises in the Second Polish Republic aroused enormous controversy. Their existence was not in line with the liberal doctrine dominating economic theory, which was clearly emphasized by academic thought. They were also the subject of sharp criticism from representatives of large industry, who saw them as competition for the private sector. Even government circles also spoke critically against them. Despite this, the state sector continued to develop, constituting approximately 20% of national wealth in the late 1930s. The chapter presents the position of large industry towards state enterprises. Attention was drawn to the duplicity of economic spheres, on the one hand criticizing state sector, and the other demanding subsidies, tax breaks and government orders from the state.

Управление на застрахователните операции

Author(s): Tzvetelina Andreeva / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The management of insurance operations occupies an important place in the strategic management of insurance companies. The management of insurance operations does not go beyond traditional management, it combines it with modern approaches and means for their effective connection with the profitability of the company and the added value for customers,shareholders and investors.The scope includes insurance operations at the corporate level in general insurance as part of the processes and activities of operational management. Emphasis is placed on strategies as a key element for management success.