(META)ETYKA A FILOZOFIA PRAWA

Author(s): Monika Zalewska / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 26/2014

In this paper I have focused on methodological problems of ethics and legal philosophy. My main goal was to determine relation between meta-ethics and legal philosophy. In the first part I tried to describe historical context, how jurisprudence become independent form ethics. Then in second part I examined relations between main disciplines of ethics and legal philosophy pointing out that although there are some similarities, there is even more differences. Finally in the third part I explored relation between meta-ethics and legal philosophy. My conclusion was that the problems of meta-ethics also exists in legal philosophy but the level of significance is lower. The reason for it lays in the specific character of legal norms which existence depends on the will of competent authority in contrast to moral norms which need other, meta-ethical justification.

Abuso del diritto ed autonomia negoziale. Nuovi approcci giurisprudenziali e profili comparatistici.

Author(s): Marco Farina,Demetrio Maltese / Language(s): Italian / Issue: 3/2012

Ajhman u Hagu

Author(s): Obrad Savic / Language(s): Serbian / Publication Year: 0

Pitanje političke pravde, i s tim u vezi, lične, kolektivne, i međunarodne odgovornosti neposredno je pokrenuto nakon traumatskog iskustva sa različitim oblicima totalitarizma (»Moram da vas zamolim izraz lična odgovornost shvatite kao suprotnost političkoj odgovornosti koju svaka vlast preuzima za dela i nedela svojih prethodnika, a svaki narod za dela i nedela svoje prošlosti« – Hana Arent).

Aristotelovanje

Author(s): Aras Boric,Željko Škuljevic,Spahija Kozlic,Dževad Drino,Nebojša Vasic,Bernard Harbaš,Miodrag Živanovic,Damir Maric / Language(s): Bosnian / Publication Year: 2017

U organizaciji Katedre za filozofiju i sociologiju Filozofskog fakulteta Univerziteta u Zenici i Centra za društvena i interreligijska istraživanja Univerziteta u Zenici, u Zenici je 22. decembra 2016. godine održan okrugli sto pod nazivom Aristotelovanje u povodu 2400 godina od rođenja starogrčkog filozofa Aristotela. Direktan povod za ovaj skup je proglašenje 2016. godinom Aristotela od strane UNESCO-a. O Stagiraninu su tako govorili poznavaoci njegove filozofije iz Bosne i Hercegovine i to: prof. dr. sc. Željko Škuljević (Filozofski fakultet Univerziteta u Zenici), prof. dr. sc. Miodrag Živanović (Filozofski fakultet Univerziteta u Banjoj Luci), prof. dr. sc. Damir Marić (Filozofski fakultet Univerziteta u Sarajevu), prof. dr. sc. SpahijaKozlić (Pravni fakultet Univerziteta u Zenici), doc. dr. sc. Bernard Harbaš (Ekonomski fakultet Univerziteta u Zenici), prof. dr. sc. Nebojša Vasić (Filozofski fakultet Univerziteta u Zenici) i zenički književnik Aras Borić. Kako svjedoči Diogen Laertije, Aristotel (stgr. Ἀριστοτέλης, Aristotelēs; Stagira u Trakiji, 384. p. n. e. – Halkida, 322. p. n. e.) je rođen od oca Nikomaha i majke Faestide. Još dok je Platon bio živ, Aristotel je napustio učiteljevu Akademiju. Kasnije, kada se vratio, vidio je da je ona u rukama drugog učitelja pa je osnovao vlastitu školu u Likeju (Liceju), na jednom šetalištu gdje je običavao šetati s učenicima i tako im nekada držati predavanja i rasprave, odakle je ona dobila naziv Peripatetička škola (stgr. περιπατητικός, peripatetikos), dok je njegova filozofija prozvana peripatetičkom. Neki ipak smatraju da je naziv potekao od šetnji s Aleksandrom Makedonskim s kojim je razgovarao o filozofiji i drugim temama. Boravio je u Makedoniji na poziv Filipa Makedonskog kako bi poučavao njegovog petnaestogodišnjeg sina Aleksandra, a potom je stigao u Atinu i upravljao svojom školom nekih trinaest godina. U Aleksandru Makedonskom Aristotel je imao dostojnijeg učenika i vaspitanika nego što je Platonov Dionizije. Nakon toga se povukao u Halkidu i tamo umro od bolesti u dobi od šezdeset i tri godine. Prema pisanju Diogena Laertija za svog života je napisao ukupno 445.270 redova teksta.

AUTONOMIA FILOZOFII PRAWA WZGLĘDEM METAFIZYKI W UJĘCIU W. SOŁOWJOWA — ZARYS PROBLEMATYKI

Author(s): Marek Jakubiec / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 28/2015

In the present paper two issues are enunciated. The first part consists brief analysis of Soloviov’ s metaphysics. In the second one, main aspects of Russian philosopher’s legal theory and the relation between his metaphysical and legal conceptions are presented. The aim is to indicate originality of Soloviov’ s thought, especially in the context of the paradigm which ruled in Russia in 19th century.

Bajki dla dialektyków. Kafka i Benjamin między mitem a wyzwoleniem

Author(s): Jakub Nikodem / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 37/2016

In this paper my goal is to examine and re-read these places in works of Kafka, in which Walter Benjamin finds hope and utopian promise of emancipation. I try to determine whether those places can possibly be able to provide individual or universal emancipation; whether they are just false promises or simply ineffective personal tactics – or, on the contrary, they can be comprehended as conditions of possibility for revolutionary politics of the oppressed. In order to do this I supplement Benjamin’s discourse with concepts and ideas of Adorno, Horkheimer and Brecht. My conclusion is that Benjamin’s reading of Kafka is too optimistic in finding hope and fight against oppression in such works as The Trial, The Castle, The America, and in short stories like The Silence of the Sirens or The Great Wall of China. Benjamin finds the source of hope and victory over the mythical fate in solely humane attributes of cunning and audacity, represented – according to him – in protagonists of fairy-tales (Benjamin describes Kafka’s stories as ‘fairy tales for dialecticians’). But he undervalues power of fate, which lies in its own cunning, not only in its physical strength. If we comprehend mythical fate in much more dialectical way – as our capitalist, alienating modernity – we can find that its powers lie in its own conatus, self-preservation aimed to conserve the reality of oppression. In this sense Kafka’s work – if we read it as a diagnose of modernity and some kind of prophecy of a near future – evinces a dual cunning, which mechanism is as follows: the more a protagonist tries to outsmart the system, the more the system outsmarts him and thereby enslaves him.

Carl Schmitt – apokaliptičar proturevolucije

Author(s): Jacob Taubes / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 1-2/2015

Carlu Schmittu, jednom starom, ali u najvišoj mjeri još uvijek nemirnome duhu, htio bih is- kazati svoje poštovanje, iako kao svjestan Židov spadam u one što ih je on označio kao »neprijatelje«. Ja taj aksiom Carla Schmitta nikad nisam previđao. Ali ono što kod Carla Schmitta znači »neprijatelj«, tome nas, naravno, ne poučavaju njegovi veliki i glasni tekstovi, nego prije njegove slomljene ispovijesti, objavljene 1950. pod naslovom Ex Captivitate Salus. Carl Schmitt bio je pravnik, a ne teolog, ali bio je pravnik koji je kročio vrelim tlom s kojeg teolozi bijahu sišli. Teolozi su skloni definirati neprijatelja kao nešto što mora biti uništeno. Kao pravnik Carl Schmitt je smatrao da može izbjeći smrtonosnu konsekvencu tog teološkoga određenja neprijatelja. Ali između 1933. i 1938. Carl Schmitt je postao glasnogovornikom one manihejske ideologije nacionalsocijalizma koja je mitologizirala Židova kao uništavatelja arijske rase.

Carl Schmitt k smyslu politické teologie. K vztahu politické teologie a politické filosofie v myšlení kontroverzního Carla Schmitta z perspektivy Poznámek Leo Strausse

Author(s): Petr Slovácek / Language(s): Slovak / Issue: 1/2016

The aim of the article is to show two possible aspects of the Carl Schmitt´s political theology – the first in relation to man and his situation in the modern times and the second oriented toward the history. It seems, that Schmitt´s political theology has at least two aforementioned aspects, which deserves our attention. Political theology as a project is centred on man as an irreducible and incalculable being. Political theology as a process traces the evolution of political concepts from its theological origin. The article is also based on the interpretation which can be found in Leo Strauss´ Notes on Carl Schmitt´s text The Concept of the Political and its H. Meier reception.

CARLAS SCHMITTAS IR POLITINIS ROMANTIZMAS: NAUJAS LIETUVOS POLITINĖS FILOSOFIJOS TYRINĖJIMŲ PUSLAPIS

Author(s): Simas Celutka / Language(s): Lithuanian / Issue: 89/2016

Chronicles C. Schmitt and Political Romanticism: a New Page in Lithuanian Enquiries of Political Philosophy

Confrontation Between Judicial Activism and State of Exception

Author(s): Alexandre Pedro Moura D’Almeida / Language(s): English / Issue: 15/2017

The judiciary has excelled in the international and national scene, reaching role of great importance, thus creating opposition to the legislative and executive powers. The center of gravity of the sovereign power of the state moves toward the judiciary, that happens to have a more active role and controlling of the others powers, but also appears as a great defender of social and fundamental rights causes, seeking to make an effective constitution. Its great public notoriety has attracted great distrust of various sectors of society, especially by the two powers that have an increasing interference. Arises, therefore, a speech that the judiciary would be reversing into a big and uncontrollable power, increasing the suspicion that now it would be living in a real dictatorship of the judiciary through judicial activism. There is a growing concern with the expansion of activism and the role of the judiciary. The purpose of this work is to conceptualize and approach the judicial activism and the state of exception to search and reveal if there is any similarity, to then draw up a possible answer to the concern of forming a dictatorship of the judiciary. The state of exception is one of the rule of law paradoxes, while activism is a political manifestation of the judiciary. The similarity between the institutes appears as appalling in a dynamic expansion of political power of a state institution exercising judicial function, putting in check who would be the sovereign in a rule of law and democratic state.

Cooperation with Multiple Audiences

Author(s): Marilynn Johnson / Language(s): English / Issue: 47/2016

Steven Pinker proposes a game-theoretic framework to help explain the use of veiled speech in contexts where the ultimate aims of the speaker and hearer may diverge—such as cases of bribing a police officer to get out of a ticket and paying a maître d’ to get a table. This is presented as a response to what Pinker sees as the failure in H. P. Grice’s infl uential theory of meaning to recognize that speakers and hearers are not always cooperating. In this paper I argue that Pinker mischaracterizes Grice’s views on cooperation, and use this to refine a positive picture of what sort of cooperation is demanded by Grice’s Cooperative Principle. This positive picture serves to insulate the Gricean framework from objectors— including Pinker—who overstate the obligations entailed by the adoption of the Cooperative Principle. I then argue that the cases Pinker presents are best treated by recognizing that in each instance the utterance is formulated with two intentions towards two different audiences and detail a resulting revision to Pinker’s game-theoretic framework that reflects this proposal. I conclude by demonstrating how this proposed game-theoretic framework of cooperation with multiple audiences can be used to model the costs and benefits of other types of discourse, including political speech.

CRIMINALIZATION OF CORRUPTION: PHILOSOPHICAL AND LEGAL FACETS

Author(s): Aleksandras Dobryninas / Language(s): English / Issue: 90/2016

The article discusses philosophical, historical and social issues of corruption. The authors analyse the peculiarities of perception of corruption in different paradigms of criminal justice: classical, positivistic, and constructionist, as well as its respective interpretation in terms of vice and sin, wrongful conduct, or conflict between public and private interests. The analysis presented allows to conclude that criminalization of corruption has its own legal logic and reflects existing social cultural context, and due to this reason cannot be considered to be a universal instrument of dealing with conflicts between public duties and private interests.

Czy prawo Polski Ludowej było prawem słusznym?

Author(s): Wojciech Dziedziak / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2014

The article discusses the issue of equitability of the law of the People's Republic of Poland. The author bases the theory of equitable law ou the following values: truth, good, justice and human dignity. Equity, thus understood, pertains to the processes of both making and applying law. The article defines the above-mentioned values. It adopts the basic classical understanding of truth as the adequation of intellect to things (veritas est adaequatio intellectus et rei). Creating norms involves the truth about the reality, induding the truth of the existential dimension of the human being that is to be (should be) the starting point for making equitable law. Good is understood as the good in the moral sense as the good of man and the common good. Justice is understood in the classical sense, i.e. it is about 'rendering every man his due' (ius suum cuique tribuendi). The dignity of man as one of the values coustimring equity is understood as inherent (innate) inalienable and indestructible, i.e. the individual dignity. It is the basis of human rights. It is the basis and source of all human rights and their protection. The study undertaken indicates that the law of the Polish People's Republic flagrantly violated each of the values that make up equity. Thus, it was not equitable law. In particular, the law was based on the reductionist concept of man (anthropological error), was of class character (the dictatorship of the proletariat or actually the Marxist-Leninist party), and violated the common good and the good of man. Individual dignity (innate and inviolable) was negated (was not a legal category), the source of freedom and rights was the will of the authority (man did not have own rights - he only bad as many rights as granted by the authority). It majorly violated justice, one manifestation of which was the political class character of the judiciary. Moreover, law was treated instrumentally. There was a discrepancy between the content of law and the practical application of norms (the divergence of the nonnative and the actual reality).

Czy suweren prowadzi politykę? Przywództwo państwowe wobec suwerenności

Author(s): Adam Danek / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 18/2016

RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: The aim of the article below is an examination of the discrepancy between notions of sovereignty and a sovereign in a modern state, revealed by the question of statecraft (state leadership). THE RESEARCH PROBLEM AND METHODS: The consequent research problem is to determine who indeed decides on state policy. The research problem refers to the sphere of policy making as a practical implementation of the reason of a state’s imperatives. The author uses the descriptive and analytical methods, carrying out a critical comparative overview of theories and research findings presented in the current source literature.THE PROCESS OF ARGUMENTATION: At the beginning the author defines policy making and exposes its relation to the notions of sovereignty and ration of state. In the next step he identifies actors who decide on policy making. He underlines the key role of a “political disposition core” – a small group of leaders placed at the head of public institutions. He then considers the conditions of effective planning and making of policy. He indicates the inconsistency between the decisive role of a “political disposition core” and official status of a constitutional sovereign. He finally shows the fictitious character of a people as a sovereign.RESEARCH RESULTS: The author concludes that a traditionally comprehended sovereign is neither the source nor an implementer of state sovereignty because it is not a subject capable of policy making.CONCLUSIONS, INNOVATION AND RECOMMENDATIONS:The author finally recommends either a redefinition of the traditional notion of the sovereign, based on a theoretical proposition given by Carl Schmitt, or else its renunciation and invention of a new category, designating a subject which implements state sovereignty, to be used in the vocabulary of political science.

Davida Lewisa koncepcja fikcyjnego stanu rzeczy jako opisu świata możliwego a problem statusu norm prawnych

Author(s): Marek Jakubiec / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 15/2016

The character of norms is a relevant issue in the contemporary legal philoso- phy and in the metaethics. The analysis of Lewis’ sugguestions concerning the ctional statements (sentences “describing” the ction) prima facie may seem to be useless from the perspective of law. However, the situation is different, due to the fact that it is possible to treat the legal text as the description of possible world. The issue is analyzed in the paper.

Dekonstrukcija i normativnost

Author(s): Aleksandar Dobrijevic / Language(s): Serbian / Publication Year: 0

The author re-examines so-called “normativity problem” in the light of some Derrida’s provisional definitions of the concept of deconstruction. Alleged unbreakable connection between the elementary Derridian conception and the concept of normativity here is criticized with help of “open question argument”.

Eichmann u Jeruzalemu

Izvještaj o banalnosti zla

Author(s): Hannah Arendt / Language(s): Bosnian / Issue: 8/1996

Nepravilnosti i abnormalnosti suđenja u Jerusalemu bile su toliko brojne i raznovrsne, te tako pravno kompleksne, da su, kako u toku sudskog procesa, tako i u začuđujuće malobrojnoj literaturi objavljenoj nakon suđenja, da su zasjenile centralne moralne, političke pa čak i pravne probleme koje je proces neizbježno postavio. Izrael je, sa svoje strane, putem izjava premijera Ben-Guriona prije samog procesa, te načina na koji je tužilac uobličio optužbu, napravio zbrku medu predmetima, navodeći veliki broj ciljeva koje je ovaj proces trebao ispuniti, a koji su svi bili drugorazredni u odnosu na zakon i sudsku proceduru. Cilj suđenja je provođenje pravde, i ništa drugo; čak i najplemenitiji medu ostalim ciljevima - "načiniti takvu svjedodžbu o Hitlerovom režimu koja bi odoljela ispitu povijesti", kako je Robert G. Storey, izvršni sudski savjetnik u Nurnbergu formulirao pretpostavljene više ciljeve Nurnbergškog procesa - mogao bi samo nauditi osnovnoj zadaći zakona: da odmjeri optužbe postavljene protiv optuženog, da presudi i da predloži zasluženu kaznu.

Epistemic Value of Public deliberation in a Democratic Decision-мaking Process

Author(s): Ivan Cerovac / Language(s): English,Bulgarian / Issue: 4/2016

This paper discusses the epistemic value of public deliberation in a democratic decision-making process. I first discuss David Estlund’s standard account of epistemic democracy – in order to be legitimate, a decision must be a result of both fair and epistemically reliable procedure, i.e., of procedure that in most cases leads us to (procedure-independent) correct outcomes. This approach is characterized by the idea that democratic deliberation only has instrumental epistemic value, i.e., serves as a good means to achieve desired ends – a high correctness probability of the outcomes. I defend this approach from three objections put forward by Fabienne Peter, who claims that Estlund’s position is not a practicable conception of democratic legitimacy, that it makes unnecessary demands and that it is normatively misleading. Finally, I argue against pure epistemic proceduralism, an alternative approach that tends to reject consequentialist epistemology in favor of proceduralist epistemology. By doing so, it has lost a way to evaluate the epistemic value of (deliberative) democratic procedures, and is thus vulnerable to the problem of various (reasonable) people holding different epistemic practices and disagreeing on which practice should be the one that is epistemically valuable and that produces legitimate decisions.

Filozofeme i aporije tranzicione pravde

Author(s): Ðorde D. Sibinovic / Language(s): Serbian / Publication Year: 0

With a synergy between UN agencies, governments and global civil society sector that managed to build a number of international institutions of criminal justice in the 1990s and the challenges to this commitment in the 2000s, in this paper we ask about sustainability and viable mechanisms to support the work of international courts. Do we in present conditions have a general responsibility to support these institutions even as by-standers to distant conflicts, as opposed to specific responsibilities to our political communities that are protagonists in conflict? We address this question through an examination of Jacques Derrida’s texts that discuss transitional justice issues including the concepts of forgiveness, responsibility, cosmopolitanism and its relation to international institutions. The effort to create a new language of solidarity of global publics in support of international justice, as a sole mechanism securing sustainability of its institutions, following Derrida, will have to seek a significant role for the exercise of philosophy in this project.

Filozofia prawa – przedmiot, funkcje i znaczenie społeczno-kulturowe

Author(s): Ryszard Wójtowicz / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 39/2015

This article is an attempt to answer the question of: what is philosophy of law? What is philosophical reflection on law? What is the relation between the reflection on law and law “itself”? When definingphilosophy of law I share the view that in the definition philosophy is genus proximum, whereas lawis differentia specifica. The functions of philosophy of law are manifested in the social and culturalreality and depend on, among others, which sphere of man’s activity they are connected with. Oneof the functions is putting the ‘theory’ into practice, usage, legal practice, and rule-making becauseof the ideal of justice. However, the importance of philosophy of law can be expressed by the thesis:of inseparability of two values: freedom and law, because in philosophy of law understood asthis (in the spirit of I. Kant’s philosophy), only law can guarantee freedom, thus the freedom of anindividual assumes the existence of law, acceptation of law in all spheres of man’s activity in culture.